Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo ezinamandla kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza umkhiqizo! Ngemuva kwalokho, tshala izaqathe nokuthi yimiphi imifino ongayihlwanyela ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo?

Ukudla kwanoma yikuphi umuntu akubonakali ukuthi kungenawo izaqathe, njengoba le mifino iyindlu yokugcina izakhi kanye namaminerali.

Futhi kusayithi lakho ufuna ukukhula hhayi nje kuphela kwemvelo, kodwa futhi nomkhiqizo wekhwalithi. Izimbalwa eziningi zithinta isivuno. Omunye wabo uyisitshalo esifanele sokutshala izitshalo.

Ukutshala ukujikeleza - inqubo yokushintsha izitshalo ezahlukene endaweni ethile yomhlaba. Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwezitshalo lusekelwe ekuvumelaneni kwezitshalo ezithile.

Yini exhomeke ekukhethweni okulungile kwalowo owandulele?

Ukushintshwa kwezitshalo kugwema ukuchithwa kwamanye amazwe emhlabathini.Ngoba imifino ehlukene isusa izakhi ezihlukahlukene ezisemhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusabalalisa ngokufanele kusukela ekwindla lapho nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezizokwenziwa.

Inani lamaminerali emhlabeni, ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwezinambuzane, ngakho-ke izinga kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemifino, kuxhomeke kulowo owandulelayo.

Imithetho yenhlangano yokujikeleza kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile

1. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunwa, i-monoculture itshalwe endaweni lapho ikhula khona, emva kweminyaka engu-3-4 kuphela. Umsebenzi wokushintshwa kwansuku zonke nokuqhubekayo wokutshala ukulungisa inhlabathi yesitshalo esilandelayo. Kuqhutshwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuthi "izimpande-izimpande", isistimu yezimpande ezingenasici ishintsha imithwalo ejulile futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
2. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhathala kwenhlabathi nokuqoqwa kwamagciwane e-pathogenic kuwo, ukuphathwa okunye kwesitshalo kusetshenziswa. Ngemuva kwezitshalo ezivezwe izinambuzane zodwa, isitshalo esingamelana nabo sitshalwe.

   Futhi ngamaminerali: emva kwemifino, idliwe kuphela izakhi, izitshalo zikhulile ezidinga ezinye izakhi.

Ukuqaphela le mithetho elula yokushintshwa kwezitshalo, kungenzeka ukufezekisa isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu, kodwa futhi uchitha isikhathi esincane nomzamo wokunakekelwa nokuphathwa kwezitshalo.

Ukuhambisana kuyaxhomeke kuphi?

Ukuhambisana kwama-izaqathi nabalandeli babo kanye nabalandeli babo kuncike ekutheni izinto ezimbiwe ngamaminerali zidliwe bese zifakwa emhlabathini.

1. Okokuqala, imifino yemifino ngesikhathi sokukhula idinga i-nitrogen, engayithatha emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu izikhumba eziluhlaza zanda futhi ubukhulu bezitshalo zezimpande zanda.
2. Okwesibili, kunesidingo se-potassium, esibhekene ne-photosynthesis, ikhwalithi yezithelo kanye nokumelana nemifino yezifo.
3. Okwesithathu, izaqathe zidinga i-phosphorus, okuyiyona enomthwalo wokunambitheka kwayo. Kusukela ngenhla kulandela ukuthi abandulelayo bempande ye-orange kwakudingeka badle ezinye izakhi zokulandelela noma okufanayo, kodwa ngobuncane.
4. Futhi, izaqathe kufanele zikwazi ukumelana nezifo ezitshalwe ngaphambilini.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungahambi kokunye engadini

Izinzuzo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo zikhona:

• Umkhiqizo, okhula ngokulinganiselwa ngo-20%.
• Ukuphazanyiswa okuhambisana nokulimala, isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwamabhaktheriya anobungozi kanye nezifo eziphilayo.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okufaka isicelo somanyolo emhlabathini, ngoba ngeke kuphelelwe amandla.

Ukungalungi:

• Izindawo zokuhlela zonyaka ezifanelekayo zokuthutha.
• Indawo encane yesayithi, uma yindlu yezwe noma ingadi yemifino. Kulukhuni kakhulu ukusabalalisa izitshalo ezinqamuzaneni ezincane ekushintsheni okunye kwezitshalo.

Ngingahlwanyela izaqathe emva ko-anyanisi, u-garlic, ama-strawberry, ukhukhamba nezinye izitshalo?

1. Abandulele abalungile bezaqathe. Abanduleli abalungile akugcini nje ukuthi balimaze izitshalo ezalandela, kodwa futhi benze izimo ezinhle kubo.
   • I-anyanisi - ikhubaza inhlabathi.
   • Ama-strawberries - izifo zawo nezinambuzane ezilimazayo abamesabi ukwanda kwezitshalo ze-orange. Njengoba izaqathe ziyakwazi ukudla i-nitrogen emoyeni, uthola isivuno esikhulu emhlabathini ompofu ngalesi sici sokulandelela.
   • I-garlic - engadli kakhulu umhlaba, zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zizogcinwa.
   • Iklabishi - ijwayele ezinye izifo kuneziqathe.
   • Ukhukhamba - lezi zitshalo ziyingxenye yokulawula "izimpande" futhi zishintshe "iziqongo"; ngeke zibangele ukulimala emasimini.
   • I-Zucchini - shiya ngemuva kwenhlabathi evulekile nehlanzekile, lapho izimpande zizokwenza khona zibushelelezi futhi zihle.
   • Amazambane - adla izakhi ezifanayo, kodwa kwezinye izilinganiso. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo somhlabathi sizohlala esakhiweni esinjalo, futhi izakhi ezilandelanayo ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni izaqathe ziyokwanela.
   • Ithanga - inezimpande ezijulile nezingajulile, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba uhlala uphephile. Futhi, izimpande zawo azikhipha noma yiziphi izinto ezinobuthi.
2. Abaqashiwe abangenqatshelwe ngenxa yezimpande ze-orange:
   • Izaqathe - ungabuyela endaweni yangaphambili yokufika endaweni ngemuva kweminyaka engu-3-4. Uma kungenjalo, inhlabathi izobe ichithiwe, izoqhubeka nomjikelezo wokukhiqizwa kwama-pathogenic microbes. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sizokwehla, futhi izimpande ziyobhekana nezifo.
   • Ama-Beet - lezi zitshalo ezimbili zijwayele izifo ezifanayo.
   • I-parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-dill - ibe nezinambuzane ezifanayo.
3. Imiphumela engathathi hlangothi ku isanqante plantings iyoba nayo - Utamatisi, amaqabunga, njengezithelo zomhlabathi, lesi sifo sihlukile.

Ukutshala noma yikuphi imifino evumela ngonyaka ozayo emva kwesanqante?

Cabanga ukuthi kungcono ukutshala ngemuva kwesanqante, yimuphi umphumela wemifino ye-orange ekutshalweni okulandelayo.

1. Uyozizwa enhle:
   • Anyanisi kanye negalikhi - bayoba nomthelela wokubulala amagciwane emhlabathini.
   • Amazambane - emhlabathini wakhe uyohlala inani elanele lezakhi.
   • Isithombo sesitshalo - nakuba singabomndeni ofanayo, kodwa ungakwazi ukutshala. Njengoba isithombo siphula ekuqaleni, akanaso isikhathi sokutheleleka ngezifo.
   • Ubhontshisi, i-peas - igcwalise inhlabathi nge-nitrogen.
   • Ama-Strawberries kanye nama-strawberries ensimu - uthola isivuno esikhulu.
2. Ukufika ngeke kukhiqize:
   • Ama-beet - ngenxa yokufana kwesifo.
   • Izaqathe - ngonyaka wesibili wokuvuna ngeke kube.
3. Akunconywa ukutshala emva kwamaqathe: dill, parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, njengoba behlupheka izinambuzane.

Imiphumela yokungalungi kahle

Uma ukungahambisani nokunye kwezitshalo zemifino, isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla kusetshenziswa ekunakekeleni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemifula esakhiweni. Futhi kulokhu, amandla asetshenzisiwe angeke alinganise isivuno esilindelekile.

Futhi, izimpande ziyoba ngaphansi kwethonya lokutheleleka, okungalungile ukugcinwa ebusika. Ukuphazanyiswa kokujikeleza kwezitshalo kuzoba nomthelela omubi enhlabathini:

• ukukhathala;
• ukuqoqwa kwezidakamizwa;
• ukuqoqwa kwamagciwane ezinobungozi.

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona

Abalimi bamasimu abawazi ngemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, yiqiniso, basebenzise. Futhi kulabo abathola ngabo lapho ukutshala sekuvele kwenziwe futhi isanqante ihlezi endaweni ye-beet, yini okufanele uyenze?

1. Okokuqala, faka umbhede we-karoti nge-potassium subcortex kanye ne-superphosphates ukuze wengeze inani lezinto ezidingwa yizimpande zezitshalo.
2. Okwesibili, ukwelashwa kwesikhashana esisodwa se-ridge nesisombululo se-Bordeaux esingu-1% kuzonciphisa amathuba okutheleleka kwezimpande izitshalo nokutheleleka.
3. Okwesithathu, kufanele kube khona ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kuzovikela ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimpukane. Okwesine, ukunciphisa izitshalo ezithinta usayizi kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo ezimpande.

Ukuqaphela le miyalo elula kanye nezincomo kungenziwa kuphela ukuvunwa okuhle, kodwa futhi ukukhululwa kwesikhathi ukwenza enye into.