I-Gooseberry Umkhuzi, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-gooseberry Vladil, kamuva nje yaziwa kakhulu kubalimi abahlukahlukene. Ukuthandwa kwezinhlobonhlobo, okuqhamuke ngokoqobo kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, akuhlali phansi, kusathatha esinye sezikhundla zokuqala ohlwini lwesifiso hhayi kuphela sabahlali basehlobo, kodwa nalabo abahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwama-gooseberries ngesilinganiso sezimboni.
Incazelo ye-Gooseberry ne-Characteristics Commander
Ukubhalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kungokwakwaV.S. Ilyin, isisebenzi seSouth Ural Research Institute. Umsebenzi wokutshala izinhlobonhlobo waqala ngo-1990-1991. Ngo-1995, izinhlobonhlobo zabandakanywa kwirejista yokufezekiswa kokukhethwa, yathola isitifiketi sokubhaliswa futhi yanconyelwa ukutshala nokutshala esifundeni seVolga, iNingizimu Urals kanye neNtshonalanga yeSiberia.
Umphathi we-Gooseberry
Umbhangqwana ongumzali wokuwela kwakuyi-gooseberry yase-Afrika kanye nezinhlobo eziluhlaza zeChelyabinsk. Ngemuva kokuwela, izinhlobonhlobo zathola izimfanelo zazo zombili izinhlobo zabazali.
Izinhlamvu zesimilo
Isihlahla singokwesigaba sezitshalo ezinamandla, sifinyelela ekuphakameni okuyi-1,2-1,5 m. I-Gooseberry Besshipny Commander yokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokuqala. Amahlumela amade aluhlaza nge-emerald hue. Akunameva amahlumela amancane; avela eminyakeni engu-3-4 yokugcina yokuphila kwesihlahla engxenyeni engezansi yamahlumela. Ipuleti lamaqabunga linezinhlamvu ezinhlanu, ezisontekile, imithambo iveziwe, luhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zombala ogqamile osayizi ogqamile, eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence wezimbali ezingama-2-3. Ama-pedicels amade.
Izici zikajikijolo
Amajikijolo alinganiswe naphakathi esikalini. Umbala ngenkathi uvuthwa ubomvu mnyama ngokushintshela ku-brown. Isisindo sezitshalo ezisencane sifinyelela ku-5 g, ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okusebenzayo kwe-2,5-5,5 g, kuye ngezimo zezulu. I-peduncle mncane, yinde.
Izithelo ze-Gooseberry
Izici zeBanga
I-Gooseberry Commander, ekhonjelwe isimo sezulu esingesihle e-Southern Urals naseSiberia eseNtshonalanga, inesikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa. Ukuvunwa kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi kaJulayi bese kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwezihlahla kufike umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha isilinganiso seminyaka engama-7-8. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukwehla komkhiqizo kuhlelwa kusuka kuma-3-7,5 kg amajikijolo kusuka ehlathini kuya ku-2,5-4 kg.
Ngemininingwane! Isiko alidingi i-pollinator eyengeziwe; ngokwesilinganiso, kufinyelela kuma-42,5-44% wezimbali ezikhula ngemuva kokuzingcolisa.
Izici zokunambitha
Ukuchazwa kwe-Commander gooseberry ezihlukahlukene kusho ukuthi amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka okumuncu. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lokhu kumuncu. Eminyakeni yemvula, lesi sakhi se-acid sinqoba ku-ukunqotshwa kokunambitha, futhi ngonyaka onelanga nelomile, i-acid iyoba nokuhunyushwa kwesibili.
Ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, amajikijolo ane-13% ushukela wemifino, futhi i-ascorbic acid ingafinyelela ku-53-54 mg / 100 g wamajikijolo amasha.
Amajikijolo anokuqukethwe kwembewu ephansi ne-ikhasi elincanyana, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa womabili ukusetshenziswa okusha nokwenza ujamu, ama-compotes, ujamu. Uhlobo lwe-dessert le-Gooseberry berry Vladil (Commander). Kuhle ukulungiselela ukudla kwezingane.
Ukumelana nesomiso nesithwathwa
Ukutshala okunhlobonhlobo kunconyelwa izifunda ezinobusika obude, okusheshayo, kwehlobo elifishane kanye nesikhathi esifushane ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kalula amaqhwa afinyelela ku-°25 ° С. Ehlobo, izithelo zivuthwa ngamazinga okushisa we-17-19 ° C.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa sesithwathwa kunesici esisodwa - izinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli imimoya eqinile nokusalungiswa. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufika, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo.
Ubusika isihlahla sinamagatsha aboshwe
Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane
Inzuzo yezinhlobonhlobo akugcini nje ukungabi khona kwameva amahlumela, kodwa futhi nokumelana okuphezulu kwezifo nezinambuzane. Izinhlobonhlobo azithinteki yi-powdery hlobo. Ukuphikiswa kwezinye izifo ze-biological, njenge-anthracnose ne-ognevka, kuyinto ephakathi.
Ukusetshenziswa kukaBerry
Amajikijolo avuthiwe alungele ukwenza ama-juices, ama-mousses, amazambane abunjiwe. Ukulungiselela ubusika kusetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokulungiselela ujamu nejeli. Ekulungiseleleni ama-juices nama-compotes, amajikijolo engezwa njengezithwali zemvelo ze-ascorbic acid, enikeza i-acidity ebonakalayo. Iphinde yakhishwa okusha njenge-dessert berry.
Izinzuzo nobubi be-Commander ehlukahlukene (Vladil)
Lapho ikhule esakhiweni somuntu siqu, izinhlobonhlobo ziyabongwa ngenxa yesithelo sazo esiphakeme nokunambitheka okuhle. I-Commander Gooseberry ehlukahlukene iyathela phezulu, ikuvumela ukuthi uthole ezithela eziphakeme ngokutshala kwezimboni. Inzuzo yezomnotho kuleli cala isemathubeni wokunisela ngendlela ehlelekile nokutshala uma iboshelwe ezihlahleni ezinkulu.
Ama-Gooseberry awadiliki, noma ngabe sekugcwele, amajikijolo amaningi asala elenga amahlumela.
Ubuningi bezinhlobonhlobo buyisidingo sokwenza kwayo okusheshayo, kugcinwa kungaphatheki kahle futhi kunzima ukubekezelela izinto zokuhamba.
Ukutshala izithombo ezincane esizeni
Ngokutshala, izitshalo ezinezingcambu ezinhle ezinezihlumela ezikhulile ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala ziyakhethwa. Izithombo zelashwa kwangaphambili ngezivuseleli. Izimpande ziqonde futhi zisikwe emaphethelweni. Amahlumela asikwa ama-2-3 efihlekile.
Nakani! Ukuze ubambe kahle izimpande, isisombululo sokuvuselela ukukhula kumele sisetshenziswe. Ukuze lokhu, uhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo luthelwa kulo amahora angama-4-6 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Isikhathi nephethini yokufika
Ekutshaleni ekwindla, kukhethwa isikhathi ngemuva kokuvunwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, isikhathi esifanele kuze kube ukuqala kokuhluma kwezithelo kuphakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ukutshala izihlahla ezihlukene
Njengoba isikhathi eside sesimo sezulu sentwasahlobo, izinsuku zokutshala zishintshela esikhathini esishisayo. Ekwindla, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyomile, ukuthambisa okwengeziwe kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo kuyimpoqo.
Iphethini yokufika ingaba ejwayelekile ne-trellis. Esimweni sokuqala, ibanga lingamelana ne-1-1,5 m, kwesibili lehla laya ku-0.7-1 m.
Ukukhetha indawo yokubeka
Ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi ngesidingo esikhulu somswakama, ama-gooseberry awakwazi ukubekezelela amaxhaphozi namathafa aphansi. Lapho amanzi asemhlabathini adlula khona eduze kwamanzi, amanzi emvula nomswakama anganqwabelana kusuka eqhweni elincibilikayo.
Isitshalo asizibekezeleli izindawo ezivulekile ezihlanzwa ngumoya wasenyakatho nasenyakatho nentshonalanga. Izimo ezifanele zokutshala yizikhala ezivikelwe umoya oseningizimu, kufudumele kahle, emithambekeni noma ezinhlangothini zesiza.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Nge-Gooseberry Commander, i-podzolic, soddy, kanye nezinhlobo zomhlabathi othambile zithandwa. Ngokutshala, kuhlelwa indawo eyi-2 × 2 m ngesihlahla ngasinye. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukuthi ususe izinto eziningi ngokweqile endaweni ukuze unikeze ukufinyelela kwesitshalo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngokutshala, udinga ukulungisa umquba noma umquba.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukutshala, umquba omusha awunakusetshenziswa, kufanele ukhule kabusha.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Kulungiselelwe umgodi ongatshalwa ngobubanzi obungama-30-40 cm, osayizi 50 × 50 cm. I-humus noma umquba ubekwa phansi nge-4-5 cm, ngaphezulu ungqimba lwe-1-2 cm yomhlaba ovundile.
Isithombo sisethelwe ngqo, izimpande zisatshalaliswa phezu kwayo yonke indawo yomgodi. Lapho ugcwalisa inhlabathi, usampampula wenziwa, kwakhiwa inkungu yezinqama bese kuthi kwakhiwa inkatho yokunisela phezu kwamanzi.
Ukunisela ngosuku lokutshala maningi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-10 ° С. Ngemuva kokunisela, umbuthano we-trunk ufakiwe.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwesizini
Isitshalo sithanda ukuthambisa okuningi, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi kudingeka sigcwaliswe ngamanzi. Entwasahlobo, ukuthambisa kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokususa ungqimba lwe-mulching. Imvamisa lokhu kuthambisa kuhlanganiswa nokugqoka okuphezulu nge-iron sulfate noma i-urea.
Kusukela lapho kuvela i-ovary, isikhathi sokunisela ejwayelekile kuqala - isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi esingu-1 kokuthambisa okungu-3. Izimbiwa zokudla okokugcina zenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-14 kuya kwezi-21 ngaphambi kokuvunwa
Ebusika, kunconyelwa ukuthi ufake umanyolo ngezinto eziphilayo, uzilethele ngaphansi kwesihlahla bese umboza izimpande ngemboza sezimbali.
Ukulima nokutshala
Le nhlobonhlobo itholakala kahle ekuvuleni ngendlela ehlelekile komkhawulo wezimpande ifike kumamitha ayi-15. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi akuhlinzeki ngobuchwepheshe obuthile be-gooseberry; utshani, utshani obunqunyiwe, amagxolo likaphayini kufanelekile - konke okungasetshenziswa ukuvikela izimpande ekomeni ngaphandle.
Ukusetshenziswa kweziqu
Ku-Commander, ukusetshenziswa kwezixhaso noma ama-trellises kuyimpoqo. Amahlumela aphezulu aze afike ku-1.5 m adinga ukukhuliswa ngenhla komhlabathi noma alungiswe kokuthile.
I-Garter ku-trellis emugqa wamakhasi e-gooseberry
Njengoba kusekelwa, umlimi angasebenzisa amapayipi epulasitiki, izakhiwo zensimbi yensimbi noma amapulangwe endabuko.
Okokutshala kwe-trellis, kusetshenziswa ama-racks afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 nokuphakama kwengadi.
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Lapho kuthathwa, kusetshenziswa ingadi var noma uthuli ngomlotha. Ngaphambi kokuchithwa kwezinso, kunconywa ukwelapha ngomuthi ovikelayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi. Ebusika, kunconywa ukwelapha umuthi ngama-spores.
Izihlahla
Ngokuthenwa kwesizini, amahlumela amadala kuneminyaka emi-4 ayasuswa. Ehlobo lokuthenwa kwenhlanzeko ehlobo, amagatsha omisiwe nawanesifo agawulwa.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Amakati awadingi ukumbozwa ubusika, kwanele ukuwanciphisa ngokufanele, faka umanyolo we-organic bese uthele ungqimba lwe-mulch pine ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Uma kufiswa, amahlumela angalashwa ngopende ovikelayo.
Ukuzala
Ukusabalalisa ama-gooseberry bush, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezintathu.
Izimbumbulu
Ukusakazeka ngokusikeka kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke. Izimbumbulu zithathwa zineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala ubude obungama-20-25 cm. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, izindawo ezingama-2-3 ezinso zihlala zingaphezulu, konke okunye kufakwa emhlabathini olungiselelwe ngaphansi kwejeke. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21, lo greenhouse ungasuswa futhi ekushiseni komoya ngenhla kuka-18-20 ° C otshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukunisela ngesikhathi se-cutways ku abamba ukushisa kudinga ngokulinganisela.
Kuhlanganisa isihlahla nge pine bark
Isigaba
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla kwenziwa ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Amahlumela amasha anezimpande ezithuthukisiwe ahlukaniswa. Ngemuva kokufika, ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu kuyimpoqo.
Ukubekwa
Ukuthola isihlahla sezinhlobonhlobo okungekho ameva kuzo kusebenza kakhulu ngokufaka izingodo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuphunyuka eneminyaka engu-1-2. Udinga ukumba izendlalelo ekuqaleni kwesizini, futhi uma kuphela ihlobo ungahlukaniswa nesihlahla sikamama futhi ulungiselele ukufakelwa.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokukhethwa kweRussia, i-gooseberry Komandor inamandla amakhulu entuthuko. Ukutshala izihlahla ezi-1-2 esizeni kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esihle seminyaka engama-6-6 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile nokunakekelwa okukhethekile.
