Isitshalo sokuhlobisa esidala - i-violet - imbali eyintandokazi yezigidi zabalimi emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlobonhlobo zemibala nokulula kokunakekelwa kuyizinzuzo zako ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani ingadi ye-violet?
Uhlobo lwe-violets (Víola) lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-500. Kwenzeka njalo futhi ngonyaka. Izimbali ezimbili eziziphilayo, ngayinye inama-stamens ama-5, ama-petals namathuna, ikhula ngamahlumela amade. Kunombala owodwa, anemibala emibili nemibala emithathu. Cishe wonke umuntu unephunga eliqinile, eliphikelelayo futhi elimnandi kakhulu. Isikhathi sezimbali ntwasahlobo nehlobo. Zisondele kahle kuma-conifers, imihlobiso nezihlahla zezimbali, kodwa futhi zilungele amagquma alpine, izimbali zezimbali, imibhede yezimbali.
Ukuqhakaza ingadi violet
Izithelo - amabhokisi enezinhlamvu eziningi ezincane, ngemuva kokuvuthwa, avule ngokuzimela. Ngemuva kokutshala izingcezu ezimbalwa nje, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa ungathola umugqa omuhle wokuqhakaza izimbali. Iqabunga lilula noma i-cirrus ihlakazekile, imvamisa iluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Amahlathi ngokwawo akhula abe yi-10-40 cm amade, abe nezonda elincanyana, induku, izimpande ezigqinsiwe kancane. Izimbali zegadi, ezifanayo nama-violets esikweni sebhodwe lasekamelweni, zinezimpawu zazo.
Igama lesibili elidumile lama-warts wegadi yiPansies. Kwi-vivo kwenzeka kuzo zonke izindawo ezishisayo ezintabeni, emahlathini, osebeni lomfula kanye namachibi. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula ezindaweni eziwugwadule futhi kuma-tundra. Ngokomlando, i-violet inelinye igama elithi i-Saintpaulia, enikezwe ukuhlonipha uBaron Walter von Saint-Paul, umongameli wenhlangano yase-Germany dendrological, odlulise imbewu ku-Herman Wendland wezitshalo, owachaza okokuqala lolu hlobo lwezitshalo.
Izinhlobo Ezijwayelekile - Incazelo emfushane
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zibhalwe ngezansi.
Unomusa. Amaqabunga ama-perennial violet ubude obungu-10-20 cm, amaqabunga ahlanganayo, izimbali kufika ku-4 cm ubukhulu, zibubende-nsomi noma ziphuzi. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo futhi iyaqhubeka ukujabulisa kuze kube sekupheleni. Ulungiselela umthunzi okhethiweyo, inhlabathi enempilo, efanele izingadi zamatshe.
I-Viola gracilis eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Inophondo olungapheliyo. Isihlahla esinokuphakama okungu-15-25 cm ngesimpande esikhanyayo futhi esinamagatsha amaningi. Kancane kancane yakhela umcamelo omnyama wokuqhakaza. Iqabunga li-oblong ovoid elinomphetho ohlanganisiwe ongafika ku-6 cm. Izimbali zivame ukuba nombala onsomi onsomi nebala eliphuzi. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. Izindawo zokuqala zoma indawo enelanga futhi nenhlabathi evundile ngokulinganayo.
IVola cornuta buyon oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
ILabrador. I-Violet enamakha engadini ingemuva. I-compact bush kuphela emide ngo-5-10 cm. Iqabunga liyindilinga enjengendondo eyenziwe njengenhliziyo noma onsomi. Izimbali pink-carmine, eziqhakaza ngoMeyi-Juni. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivimbela ukubanda ezivumela umthunzi oyinxenye. Inhlabathi ithanda inhlabathi evundile ngokulinganayo, enomswakama.
IsiManchurian. I-perennial 6 cm cm high. Rhizome iDemo. Iqabunga linesimo se-ovoid-lanceolate ku-petiole ende. Imbali emnyama onsomi enobubanzi obungu-2,5 cm ku-peduncle ende. Esihlahleni esisodwa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni, izimbali ezingama-8-14 ziyaqhakaza ngasikhathi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinama-petals aphindwe kabili. Kusakazwe kalula ngokuhlukanisa amakhethini, kanye nokuzikhulula. Umswakama- ne-Photophilous, ukumelana nemithi.
Viola mandshurica fuji kokusa
Ingadi emhlophe yeViolet. Uhlobo olunqabile kakhulu okunzima kakhulu ukuluthola. Itshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezikhethekile zezitshalo ukuze zenzele abantu bemvelo abasengozini. Kepha uma uthengiswa ungathola imbewu ye nzalo ebizwa ngokuthi i-perennial white moth violet noma udadewabo, onombala ofanayo wezimbali. Kusakazeka kalula ngokuzikhulula.
UViola omhlophe
Izici zokunakekela ingadi ye-violet emgwaqweni
Ngemuva kokutshala izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezazithanda ukuthandwa njalo engadini endaweni evulekile, esikhathini esizayo ungayithanda iminyaka eminingi, lapho uthola ubuhle bakhona.
- Ukushisa
Ngokuvamile ama-violets engadi awavimbelani nokubanda. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala entwasahlobo, futhi izinhlobo eziningi ziyaqhubeka nokujabulela ngezimbali ezinhle kuze kube sekupheleni. Amazinga okushisa ancanyelwayo ngenkathi efudumele yi + 20-24 ° C. Ekushiseni kwe + 30 ° C nangaphezulu, kungayeka ukuqhakaza.
- Isibani
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kungaba yindawo enokhanyiso kahle noma umthunzi oyingxenye. Kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezikhetha ukuba yingxenye yosuku ngothunzi olunengxenye, futhi ingxenye yomthunzi. Zitshalwa ikakhulukazi eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo noma zomhlobiso.
- Ukunisela
Zonke izinhlobo zithanda amanzi athambile ekushiseni okulinganayo nemvelo. Ukuthola ukuthamba okudingayo, engeza uviniga omncane we-apple cider (1 tsp nge-3 l lamanzi) noma i-citric acid (amakristalu ayi-5 nge-1 l) emanzini.
- Ukufafaza
Esikhathini esishisa kakhulu sonyaka, ekuseni nakusihlwa, kunconywa ukuhlela indawo yokugeza efudumele enama-violets avela kwisifutho sokufafaza noma ukuthambisa ngamabhodi amancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye angavumeli ukukhukhula ngokweqile kwezimpande.
- Umswakama
Izinga elikhulu lomswakama lingama-60%. Uma ama-pansies engawuthandi inhlabathi enamanzi, lezo zimo zingatholwa kuphela ngokufaka umhluzi nokutshala eduze kwendawo yokugcina amanzi - ichibi, umfudlana noma ichibi.
- Inhlabathi
Inhlabathi idinga ukukhanya, okuxegayo, okuvundile ngokulingana, okwazi ukugcina umswakama isikhathi eside. I-Perlite ne-vermiculite izithasiselo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvula nokwakha izakhiwo, kepha ungathola ngokungeza i-peat kanye nenani elincanyana lesihlabathi somfula esihlanjiwe. Kuyasiza futhi ukwengeza amalahle amahle, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uthele umlotha ezungeze izihlahla.
Kubalulekile! Ibhalansi ephezulu ye-acid-base yi-pH = 5.5-6.5.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isicelo sokuqala somanyolo sisentwasahlobo. Noma yimuphi amaminerali ayinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo eziqhakazayo kufanelekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, okuqukethwe yi-potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. Umthamo kufanele wehliswe ngesigamu ngokumelene nomenzi otuswayo. Umquba omusha awunakusetshenziswa, ngoba kuzoholela ekushisweni kwamaqabunga nezimpande.
Ukugqoka kabusha kuzodingeka ngemuva kokuqhakaza kuqala, bese kuthi njalo emavikini ama-2.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Izinhlobo ezinamakha zaminyaka yonke ekwindla lapho kufika isithwathwa zisuswa ngokuphelele emibhedeni yezimbali. Ama-perennials asele ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi owesithathu asuswe ngokuphelele, njengoba bekhula kakhulu, belahlekelwa umphumela wawo wokuhlobisa.
Ekwindla, udinga ukususa izingxenye ezomile zesitshalo, izingcembe zezimbali ezigugile. Imvamisa ngalesi sikhathi, amabhokisi embewu asevele evulekile futhi akhubazekile. Akukho okunye ukutshala okudingekayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zemvelo, ama-violets entwasahlobo azoqhakaza ngokuzimela ngemuva kobusika. Kuzokwazi ukushiya amahlumela aphumelelayo, noma usebenzise ukufakelwa.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekukhuleni
Imbali enamakha empeleni ayibangeli zinkinga, kulezi zinto ezigcina ukumelana nezinto ezingathandeki. Lokhu kumenza abe ngomunye wabaholi ngobungqabavu.
Isifo
Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ze-violets engadini zitholakala:
- ukugqwala
- umlenze omnyama;
- grey nokubola kwezimpande;
- i-powdery hlobo;
- ukubona.
Nakani! I-plaque engeyona eyemvelo kanye namabala emaqabungeni kuwuphawu lwesenzo esiphuthumayo.
Kungcono ukususa izitshalo ezithintekile ngokushesha, noma uzame ukuzisindisa ngokuzilungiselela ngendlela ekhethekile: iTopazi, iFundazol, iFitosporin. I-Fitovlavin, njll. Ukuqina kokunisela i-violets ngalesi sikhathi kudinga ukuncishiswa.
Izinambuzane
Imiphetho ye-gnawed yamaqabunga iwuphawu lokwehlula kwe-violet pearl kanye ne-clover scoop. Ngokumelene nabo, baphathwa nge-infusion kagwayi noma i-karbofos.
Izinambuzane ezijwayelekile ezinjenge-thrips, i-slugs, ama-aphid kanye nama-spider mites nazo zitholakala kuma-violets asengadini. Ngokuphikisana nabo, ukwelashwa ngezinambuzane ezikhethekile kuyasiza, kanye nokufafaza okutshaliwe ngesixazululo somlotha.
Ezinye izinkinga
Ukubuna namabala emaqabungeni kuwuphawu lokuthi isitshalo sibi kule ndawo.
Izizathu:
- kumnyama kakhulu;
- kushisa kakhulu;
- ukuchelela ngokweqile;
- ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba.
Iseluleko! Ungazama ukudlulisela endaweni ekhanyiselwe kakhudlwana, ukondle, ulungise imodi yokunisela.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho ekhula
Uhlelo olunezimpande olungashisi lusho ukuthi ukukhulula kungalimaza kalula i-violet. Kodwa-ke, ukufakelwa kwenhlabathi kuhle ngakho. Lokhu kutholakala ngokulenza ngomunwe nokwakha inhlabathi.
Iphutha lesibili elijwayelekile likhula. Izitshalo kufanele zihlukaniswe ngo-15-20 cm.
UViolet omhlophe noma umbala ohlukile - ukuthenga okukhulu kwengadi, i-rabatki, imibhede yezimbali. Ukhule ngokuqukatha iziqukathi namabhodwe. Yonke indawo lapho izimbali zakhe ezithandekayo neziqhakazile zibukeka zilungile futhi zithandeka ngobuhle.
