I-Thuja smaragd - incazelo nosayizi, ukufika kanye nokunakekelwa

I-Thuja ekuhumusheni isuka esiLatini isho "umuthi obalulekile". Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi isihlahla sepharadesi, ngoba ezinganekwaneni kunezindaba eziningi ezithi: thuja ixhuma izulu nomhlaba. Kuyakholelwa nokuthi ikhula maphakathi nepharadesi. Izwe lakubo yi-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.

Thuja smaragd entshonalanga

UThuja smaragd ungowomndeni waseCypress. I-evergreen ingajabulisa amehlo akho iminyaka engama-50 kuye kwayi-100. Umuthi we-monoecious unesimo se-pyramidal esiminyene futhi esiminyene.

Hlanganisa uThuja

I-Thuja smaragd: incazelo nobukhulu

IThuja yasentshonalanga smaragd ihlukaniswa yincazelo yayo eyingqayizivele:

• umuthi ufinyelela osayizi ukusuka ku-4 kuye ku-6 m ukuphakama kuya ku-2 m ububanzi. Umehluko ekukhuleni kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. Endle, ukuphakama kungafinyelela ku-70 m;
• inomqhele omnyama, ombozwe ngenaliti. Ukusuka kulo, abaklami bathanda ukudala ubuciko bangempela bokuqamba, oba yinto yokuhlobisa yanoma yikuphi ukubukeka komhlaba;
• entwasahlobo, kuvela izigaxa ezinsundu ezincane esihlahleni, eziwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla ebandayo;
• eRussia kunezinhlobo ezimbili - isihlahla esinohlaza futhi sinombala wegolide;
• kunikeza iphunga elimnandi eliyinqayizivele.

I-thuja smaragd ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani

IThuja nentshonalanga ikhula kancane. Okunyaka ungeza ngo-10 cm ukuphakama nama-5 cm ububanzi.

Ukuhamba nokunakekela

Ukuze ukhule umuthi oqinile futhi onempilo, udinga ukucabangisisa ngayo yonke imininingwane. Isigamu sempumelelo sincike endaweni efanele yokutshala isitshalo. I-Thuja smaragd iyakuthanda ukukhanya kwelanga, noma kunjalo, akusizi ngalutho ukuvumela lesi sitshalo ukuba sibe elangeni usuku lonke, ngoba imisebe ihola lesi sihlahla ukuphuma komzimba, kanti ne-blue thuja ngeke ibekezelele ubusika kahle.

Yize umuthi ungakhula buthule ezindaweni ezixhaphoxhayo nangobumba, kungcono ukusitshala emhlabathini wezakhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa i-peat, umhlaba we-turf nesihlabathi.

ITuyu itshalwe kusuka ezinhlanyweni nasezisikeni. Ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni inqubo enzima futhi edla isikhathi. Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa kokutshala nangaphambi kokufakelwa enhlabathini, iminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-5 ingadlula.

Izoni zivunwa ngalowo nyaka lapho umuthi uthela izithelo. Babekwe endaweni efudumele, lapho bevula khona, bese imbewu iyaphuma. Kuphakanyiselwe izinhlamvu ezinkulu kuphela zokutshala.

Izindoni ezinembewu

Umqondo wokukhula okuqageliwe okuvela ezinhlanyelweni ukuthi uzokwakha uqine futhi uzovumelaniswa ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu salesi sifunda.

Ukuze inqubo yokukhula kwe-thuja kusuka kwimbewu iphumelele, udinga ukunamathela emithethweni ethile:

• izithelo ezihlwanyelwe esihlabathini esimanzi futhi zimbozwe ngefilimu yebhodwe;
• isitshalo esizayo sibekwa esiqandisini noma endaweni epholile izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu ngombuso wokushisa ongaba ngu-6 ° C;
• ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kulawulwe, ngezikhathi ezithile ususe ifilimu bese uvulele umoya ukuze i-condensate inganqwabelani;
• ngoFebhuwari, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa kumhlabathi olungiselelwe ukusuka emhlabeni we-turf, peat nesihlabathi. Ngenhloso ye-disinfection, inhlabathi iniselwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Izitshalo zibekwa egumbini elinombuso wokushisa wama-20 ° C;
• lapho amahlumela ekhula, athuthelwa endaweni epholile futhi ahlinzeke ukukhanya okuhle;
• Izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga udinga ukwenza umanyolo wezimbiwa emhlabathini;
• lapho izithombo zineminyaka emi-2 ubudala, zizokwembiwa. Ehlobo, amabhodwe anezitshalo athathwa ayiswa komoya omusha afakwe umthunzi oyingxenye;
• ngonyaka wesithathu, izithombo zitshalwa ezitsheni ezinkulu. Lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-50 cm, atshalwa kusuka enkulisa esemgwaqweni ukuze abe yindawo yokuhlala yaphakade. Lokhu kwenzeka kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokutshala imbewu.

Abalimi bayazijwayeza ukutshala imbewu ngaphandle. Kuqoqwe ekwindla, kungcono ukuwafaka emabhokisini, ngoba isitshalo esisha sibukeka njengo dill futhi kulula ukusididanisa nokhula. Amahlumela esihlahla avela lapho esenezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.

Ungatshala kanjani i-thuja smaragd

Akekho noyedwa ongumgcini wegadi ozibuza ukuthi angatshala kanjani i-thuja smaragd nokuthi uzodinga isikhala esingakanani.

Isinyathelo-nesinyathelo-sokufika kwemiyalo

1. Kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi onobubanzi obungaba imitha nokujula okungabi ngaphezu kwama-80 cm.
2. Faka umugqa ongezansi ngesendlalelo sedamu, bese uthelela inhlabathi emgodini, uhlanganiswe ne-2 tbsp. umquba nomanyolo wezimbiwa.
3. Isithombo sibekwa ngendlela yokuthi intamo yezimpande ingaphezulu kobuso.
4. Uma kunesifiso sokwenza uthango kusuka ku-thuja, khona-ke izitshalo zitshalwa kude komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwemitha eyodwa. Ukukhula mahhala, udinga 2-5 m phakathi kwezihlahla. Ucingo olunjalo oluphilayo luzonikeza ukungahambi kahle kunoma yikuphi ukubhukuda okukhonkolo, okubuye kukwenze uthango.

Ukutshala kukaThuja enhlabathini

Imodi yokunisela

Ukuvama kokuchelela kuya ngemvula. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, isihlahla siniselwa njalo ngezinsuku ezi-3. Kufanele kusetshenziswe isitshalo okungenani okungenani amalitha ayi-10. Ukunisela kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Futhi, umuthi kufanele ufafazwe njalo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngo-thuja, namanye ama-conifers, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikela ngezingubo ezifanele eziphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akufanelekile ukusebenzisa umanyolo. Ukumbiwa ngokweqile kwamaminerali kungathinta kabi ukukhula komuthi.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kusetshenziswe kokubili ngesikhathi sokutshala nakuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kwe-thuja yokuhlobisa. Yize isihlahla esidala sinalo uhlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle futhi sikwazi nokukhipha ngokuzimele umsoco enhlabathini, kudingeka futhi ondliwe.

Ukuthambisa kuhlukaniswe izigaba eziningana:

1. Lapho utshala, umlotha womquba ufakwa enhlabathini. Ama-3 kg womlotha awela emgodini owodwa, ofafazwa phansi, bese ibhakede lomquba lihlanganiswe nenhlabathi. Emva kwalokho, abenzi umanyolo unyaka wonke.
2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwenziwa ngaphakathi entwasahlobo. Izinto ezimbiwa zingeniswa emhlabathini, eziqukethe: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-iron nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni noma ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, konke kuya ngezimo zezulu. Uma i-thuja ibekezelele ubusika kabi, kuzodingeka ukuthi umsize aqine. Kulokhu, izimpande kufanelekile.
3. Kubalulekile ukondla izitshalo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-humus isetshenzisiwe, engagcini nje ngokunakekela izitshalo, kodwa futhi nokuzivikela kwisikhunta.

Abahlali abanolwazi basehlobo bakhipha imithetho eminingana yegolide yokufaka umquba:

• Awukwazi ukwengeza ukugqoka okungafani, okucishe kwakheke okufanayo. I-overdose kungenzeka;
• phakathi kukamanyolo wenhlabathi kufanele kudlule okungenani amasonto ama-2;
• usuku ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo inhlabathi kudingeka ukuthi luniselwe;
• ekwindla, konke ukudla kuyamiswa.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwehlobo

Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, i-thuja kufanele ivikelwe emigqibeni eshisayo. Kulokhu, isakhiwo esincane ngaphezu kwesihlahla kufanelekile.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhula kufanele lususwe futhi kuqedwe izidleke zezinambuzane. Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi okuvame ukunikezela ukujikeleza komoya okuhle ukuze kugcwalise izimpande nge-oxygen.

Kuyasiza ukucija inhlabathi kanye ngonyaka. Lokhu kuzovikela indawo ekwakhekeni kokhula futhi kugcinwe umswakama.

Ukufakwa kwenhlabathi

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Izithombo ezincane zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kumele zimbozwe. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zingasinda ebusika ngaphandle. Cishe izithombo bazakhela uhlaka futhi baluhlobanisa nezinto ezimhlophe ezingalukiwe. Lo mklamo uzovumela iqhwa ukuthi lihle phansi lisuka phezulu, hhayi ukuhlala emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Udinga ukunakekela uhlelo lwezimpande, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizoma. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaqabunga axutshwe nenhlabathi afafazwe esizeni. Ingxube enjalo izosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, futhi amaqabunga abolile nawo azosebenza njengomanyolo.

Ukulungiselela ubusika kwenziwa ekwindla kuze kube yilapho iqhwa liwa.

Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, musa ukushesha ukuvula umuthi. Kungathinteka ukukhanya kwelanga. Kufanele ulinde kuze kuphele umhlaba, futhi izinga lokushisa elingaphandle lizogcina izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kuka-zero.

Ukuzala

Ukusakazeka kukaThuja ekhaya kwenzeka ngosizo lwembewu, amahlumela nokusika. Mayelana nokuhlwanyela imbewu sekushiwo ngenhla, futhi manje sizogxila ezindleleni ezingathí sina zokuzala, ezibandakanya amahlumela nokusika.

Ukuze amagatsha aqale, indawo esikiwayo iphathwa ngezinto ezikhulisayo futhi ifakwe ebhokisini. Amagatsha amaningana angatshalwa ebhodweni elilodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, alondoloze ibanga elingu-3-5 cm phakathi kwawo.

Entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezinamandla zingafakwa ku-greenhouse, futhi ehlobo sezivele zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Indlela yokusabalalisa ngokusika yiyona elula kunazo zonke. Le nqubo yenziwa ekwindla. Izinqubo ezinamandla nezinempilo zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala. Izisiki akufanele zibe zincane kakhulu noma zindala kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha amahlumela kusuka phakathi kwesiqu.

Izinqubo zitshalwe emhlabathini olungiselelwe, okuyingxube ye-peat kanye nenhlabathi enamaqabunga. Zithathwa ngamanani alinganayo.

Ngenqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha, izincomo ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe:

• amaqabunga angeziwe kufanele aqedwe, futhi lawo asele akufanele athinte i-peat;
• udinga ukufaka i-greenhouse yesibambo, ngoba lokhu imbiza yengilazi esobala kufanelekile;
• izithombo zibekwa endaweni efudumele. Umswakama akufanele udlule ku-70%, futhi izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelele ku-23 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho ihlumela lingabola;
• Ngokufanele ngeke kunisele okunciphile ngaphansi kwempande, kepha fafaza njalo.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Uma kuvela amahlumela amasha ku-thuja, khona-ke isuse izimpande ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uphuthume ukutshala isihlahla emhlabathini. Okokuqala, i-greenhouse idinga ukufakwa umoya omncane, kancane kancane ijwayele ukusika kube nomoya omusha.

Izinaliti zikaThuja ziphenduka ophuzi: okufanele ukwenze

Abalimi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani iThuja iphenduka iphuzi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okusemqoka kufaka phakathi:

• izinqubo zemvelo. Amahlamvu ezinaliti afa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-5, ngakho-ke aphenduka aphuzi bese womile;
• ushintsho lwesizini. Ebusika, ezinye izinhlobo ze-thuja zithola umbala wethusi wegolide;
• inhlabathi ekhethwe ngokungafanele. Uma i-thuja itshalwe enhlabathini enesihlabathi, khona-ke izokwehla umswakama, ohamba ngokushesha ungene emhlabathini, bese isithombo siphuzi siphuzi. Akwanele ukuhluma kwezakhi enhlabathini enobumba, kepha amanzi angathuthumela ku-peat bese umuthi ubola;
• amaphutha lapho ushiya: ukuthambisa okunganele, ukutshala okuqinile, ukukhanyisa okungekuhle, ukushoda kwe-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-iron, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi;
• ukuba khona kwezinambuzane: izinambuzane ezikala esikalini, amabhu anezimayini, amabhu amaqabunga, izibungu zesicabucabu, njll. Lezi zinambuzane azinandaba nokudla ingxenye eyisisekelo ye-arborvitae. Empini kufanele usebenzise izinambuzane;
• Izifo zezihlahla, okufanayo ne-juniper: i-brown shute, i-blight sekwephuzile. Ama-herbicides azosiza ekwelashweni.

Ukuthi wenzeni nge-yellowing thuja?

Yini thuja

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-thuja eRussia yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-thuja: entshonalanga, esongwe, nejometri.

Izinhlobo zeThuja

Kumakamelo ehlobo nasezinhlafunweni zedolobha, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-thuja zitholakala kakhulu:

• entshonalanga. Emvelweni, ikhula ibe ngu-20 cm. Lesi sihlahla sinomqhele ocijeke njengombala obotshwe phezulu, oqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ube yindilinga. Amagxolo ansundu ahamba kancane kancane bese elenga phansi. Izimpawu zesitshalo 1.5 cm ezivuthiwe ezinde ekwindla futhi zidilike ngokushesha;
• empumalanga. Leli gama ligxiliselwe esihlahleni, empeleni elingeyona i-thuja. Kunembile kakhulu ukuyibiza nge-biota yasempumalanga. Isitshalo sikhula kancane. Esimweni esibandayo, siba njengesihlahla;
• umdondoshiya omkhulu odabuka eNyakatho Melika. Emvelweni, ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-60. ESt. Petersburg kunezinhlobo ezingamamitha angama-15 ukuphakama. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibuhlungu, zivame ukuqanda;
• IsiJapan Izwe lakubo yiJapan. Ngokwesiko labo, lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengomunye wemithi emihlanu engcwele yeKiso. Wayevinjelwe ngisho nokusika phansi. Emvelweni, ukuphakama kwalesi zinhlobo kufinyelela ku-35 m;
• I-Korea thuja isihlahla noma isihlahla esinomqhele okuxekethile. Ihlala eKorea nase China. Izinaliti zinephunga elinamandla futhi zinombala wesiliva oblue.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-arborvitae zasentshonalanga etafuleni:

Ukusuka kulo ungenza uthango noma izakhiwo ezinhle zokubaza. Kunoma yikuphi, usebenzisa ama-secateurs, unganikeza inkululeko yokucabanga futhi uguqule i-cottage yasehlobo ibe inganekwane yangempela.