I-Walnut - isakazwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Izithelo zawo ziphakeme ngama-kilojoule futhi ziphilile. Cishe zonke izingxenye zomuthi - amaqabunga, izimpande, amagxolo - ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamavithamini namaminerali anezindawo zokuphulukisa. Isetshenziswa emithi yokwelapha yendabuko, i-cosmetology. I-walnut ne-butterfly ye-peanut yizivakashi ezivame kakhulu ematafuleni ekhishini ezitsha ezihlukahlukene. Ngeshwa, lesi sitshalo asinaso isikhukhumkhuba esiqinile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo kanye nama-parasites, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezithelo, okwenza kungabi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa. Nakuba umuthi uthinteka yizifo kaningi kangako kunezinye izihlahla zezithelo. Sizokutshengisa izifo ezivame kakhulu zezimbali, izinambuzane eziyingozi nezindlela zokulwa nazo.
Uyazi? I-Walnut nayo ibizwa nangokuthi iVolosh, isiGreki, isibukhosi, ngezinye izikhathi ama-mahogany.
Izindlela zokubhekana nezifo ze-walnut
Izizathu eziyinhloko lapho i-Volosh nut ingagula ngayo:
amaphutha ekulimeni;- ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okungalungile;
- ukungabi nokukhanya;
- umswakama obuningi bomhlabathi;
- ukulala okude kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- ukulimala kwezinambuzane.
amaphutha ekulimeni;Ukuze uthole izifo ze-walnut ngesikhathi futhi uqale ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuhlola isihlahla kaningi ukuze kube nezinguquko ekubukeni. Njengomthetho, izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo zibonakaliswa ngendlela yezinhlobonhlobo zamachashaza emaqabeni namahlumela.
Futhi ukuze ugweme ukugula, kubalulekile ukufeza ukuhlunga okwephuthumayo lokushisa, ukusika izihlahla, ukuhlanza amaqabunga awela phansi nezithelo. Udinga ukwazi ukufuthola umuthi entwasahlobo ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Bacteriosis
Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwe-bacteriosis ku-walnuts zibonakala zifudumele futhi zimanzi entwasahlobo sezulu. Lesi sifo sibonakala njengamabala amnyama emaqabunga, amahlumela, izithelo, izimbali. Umonakalo omkhulu kunazo zonke ongakwazi ukuwenza ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukubhubhisa iningi lezimbali. Uma i-bacteriosis iqala emva kwezimbali, khona-ke emithini enjalo izinkuni ziba nsundu, futhi amahlumela abasha afe. Izithelo zigcwele izindawo ezimnyama.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze uvimbele i-bacteriosis, i-walnut kufanele icubungulwe entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuchichima nge-3% ye-Bordeaux ingxube. Ukupompa okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokusila.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ube nempumelelo enkulu ekwelapheni kweBordeaux, isisombululo se-urea se-0.3% singanezelwa kuso.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya
Esinye sezifo ezimbi kakhulu zomunyu ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Lithinta amaqabunga, izimbali, amahlumela nezithelo. Lesi sifo yisona isizathu sokuthi amaqabunga ama-walnut aphenduke abamnyama. Ekuqaleni bahlanganiswa ngamanzi amaningi, bese bephenduka abamnyama, noma kunjalo, ngisho nalapho befa, abawa emthini, kodwa bahlale emagatsheni isikhathi eside. Ama-walnut amahlumela agcwele izilonda. Amahlumela abuna, amaqabunga afa. Izingxenye ezithintekayo zendwangu yamabhodlela ezitshalo zetshezi.
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya nakho kuyisizathu sokuthi kungani amantongomane amnyama esihlahleni. Okokuqala, amabala amnyama avela esithelweni, bese yonke ingqikithi igwetshiwe umnyama futhi ingabe ingafaneleki ukudla.
Izinto ezithandekayo ekuthuthukiseni uketshezi lwebhaktheriya emanzini ziyakhula isikhathi eside. I-agent causative yesifo isakazwa yizinambuzane nomoya.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokushisa amabhaktheriya, ukwelashwa ngethusi nokwakhiwa (Bordeaux fluid, Zinebom, HOM, njll) kuyodingeka. Izingxenye ezithintekayo zomuthi kumele zibhujiswe.
Kubalulekile! Ukwelashwa kwe-walnut kusuka ezifweni kufanele kwenziwe ngesimo sezulu esomile, esinezinzile nokugcinwa okuphoqelelwe kwezinyathelo zokuphepha zomuntu siqu. Amehlo kufanele avikelwe ngezibuko, izandla ngeglavu, impumu nomlomo nge maski.
Ukumnyama okumnyama (marsonioz)
Indawo eluhlaza isakazela izithelo, amahlumela amancane namaqabunga esihlahla. Izimpawu zokuqala zingamabala e-oval of umbala obomvu ongajwayelekile emagqabeni. Amaqabunga anjalo asomile masinyane futhi awe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi sifo sinengozi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimbali, ngoba singalimaza kuze kube yizimbali ezingu-90%. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo kuyoba okubaluleke kakhulu.
Nika isandla ekuthuthukiseni kwesifo sezulu esinyene kanye nemvula ende.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze uvimbele indawo eluhlaza, i-walnut kumele iphathwe nge-1% ye-Bordeaux ingxube ngaphambi kokunyakaza kwezinso. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwenziwa esikhungweni sokubukeka kwamaqabunga, okwesithathu - amasonto amabili emva kokudlule. Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela abathintekayo kumele abhujiswe ngokushisa.
Umdlavuza womsuka
Umdlavuza womsuka uthinta izimpande zesitshalo, futhi ufinyelele kuwo ngokuqhekeka nokulimala. 
Ngenxa yalesi sifo, ukukhula kuvela ohlelweni lwempande. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, lesi sihlahla singase sikhule futhi siyeke ukukhiqiza izithelo.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma lesi sifo sitholakale, ukukhula okuvela ezimpandeni kufanele kususwe, khona-ke i-rhizome kufanele ilashwe ngesisombululo se-1% se-caustic soda. Emva kokucubungula, izimpande kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ngamanzi.
Uyazi? Kuye ngezimo ezikhulayo, umuthi wesikhuni ungaveza kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-300 kg wezithelo ngonyaka ngamunye.
I-Walnut Control Control
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokulwa nezinambuzane ze-walnut zizohlolwa ngokujwayelekile ukutholakala kwamacimbi - ngokushesha lapho ukuhlala kwabo kuqashelwa khona, ngokushesha futhi kulula ukuwaqeda. Udinga ukusika ngesikhathi bese ushisa amagatsha awonakele ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwezinambuzane kuwo wonke umuthi.
I-butterfly emhlophe yaseMelika
Amaphephampi amhlophe amhlophe aseMelika ayingozi engozini, njengoba ekhiqiza izizukulwane ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngesikhathi ngasinye. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ukulwa nabo kunzima kakhulu.
Isizukulwane sokuqala siya ekudoba okunonya ngoJulayi - Agasti, okwesibili - ngo-Agasti - Septemba. Futhi owesithathu udla amaqabunga ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ngakho, ukuhlasela kwalezi zinambuzane kukwazi ukubhubhisa cishe wonke amahlamvu emthini.
Izindlela zokulawula. Amaphephampi amhlophe amhlophe aseMelika angalwa ngezindlela zokwenza izinto, athole futhi ashise izidleke zawo. Ungasebenzisa futhi amabhande okugada ukuvimbela amacimbi ukuba angafihli amaqabunga, kodwa ukubamba phezu kwesiqu, bese ubhubhisa ngokushisa. Ezimweni eziphambili, ama-microbiological amalungiselelo asetshenziswayo: Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocid, Dendrobatsillin noma izinambuzane.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uphefaza nut, kubalulekile ukugcina umthamo ophakanyisiwe emiyalweni yokulungiselela. Ukusetshenziselwa uketshezi olusebenzayo ngomuthi kuyoba yi-3-5 amalitha.
Sapwood
Inkathazo enjalo ye-walnut, njenge-sapwood, ayitholakali esigabeni sokuqala sesilonda, ngoba ihlala ngaphansi kwegxolo. Isizukulwane sokuqala sezinyosi sibonakala ngoMeyi, sesibili - ngo-Agasti. Izitshalo ezihamba kancane kancane zigwaza amagxolo, futhi ukutholakala kwabo kungabonakala emigodini engavamile, eseduze nefihlekile kanye nezisekelo ze-petioles. Eduze kwesihlahla siqala ukuvuza
Njengomthetho, amakholoni ahlala ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukufeza izihlahla ezihlanzekile ngesikhathi esifanele, okubandakanya ukukhishwa kwamagatsha agulayo, abuthakathaka, abonakalisiwe. Uma i-bug ishaywa, umuthi kufanele uchithelwa ngezinambuzane.
Uyazi? Okuqukethwe kwevithamini C ku-walnut cishe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-50 kunomthamo wayo ezithelo ze-citrus futhi izikhathi ezingu-8 eziphakeme kunama-currants.
I-nut wart mite
Izinambuzane eziphumelelayo ziba nobukhulu besayizi, futhi umonakalo esitshalweni ukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-wart-mite-mite ifinyelela kumasayizi angafika ku-1 mm, futhi ingalimaza kakhulu amaqabunga asevele esesiteji sokubunjwa kwawo. Izimpawu ukuthi umkhakethi uhlelwe enkonzweni yizinhlamvu ezincane ezinemibala emnyama emagqabeni.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zesilonda nge-wart mite, umuthi kufanele uphathwe nganoma iyiphi i-acaricide evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-nut.
I-nut moth
I-moth ema-walnuts kunzima ukubona, ngoba inemibala evikelayo futhi ingabonakali kahle emagqabeni lapho amaphiko evalwa. Izibungu zalo zilimaza amaqabunga ngokuhlamba inyama.
Izindlela zokulawula. Ukuze ususe inundu, sebenzisa izinhlayiya zesistimu ezinconyelwe izitshalo zezithelo kumthamo ofanayo.
Isibungu
I-nati yenundu ibangela ukulimala okukhulu emanzini amantongomane. Isizukulwane sokuqala sezinambuzane zawo silimaza i-nuclei, ngenxa yalokho abawela ngayo esihlahleni. I-brood yesibili ihlala ngaphakathi kwesithelo futhi idle ama-cotyledons. Enye imbumba ingalimaza amantongomane amaningana.
Izindlela zokulawula. Kusukela ezindleleni zemishini yokusebenzisana nenundu kusetshenziswa izicupho ze-pheromone. Bahlomele kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba. Ukuheha okuyisisindo, okuyizinto eziqukethe, ukuheha abantu besilisa, ngenxa yokuthi bangabhubhisa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, bancishise kakhulu inani lenzalo.
Izithelo ezimbi kumele ziqoqwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngesikhathi futhi zibhujiswe. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, ungasebenzisa umuthi wegciwane odala i-granulosis kumacimbi.
Uyazi? Ikomishi elilodwa lekota lokuhlanza ama-walnut liqukethe izinga lansuku zonke le-omega-3, into ewusizo emisebenzini yobuchopho nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
Aphid
I-Aphid ihlala emaqabunga kanye namaqabunga omuthi welnut. Iningi lihlala ehlangothini oluphansi lwamashidi. Uyayiphuza ijusi layo. Yingakho amaqabunga e-walnut eyomile. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sihlahla sinciphisa ngokuphawulekayo. Shiya ngokushesha i-curl bese uwa.
Izindlela zokulawula. Uma kwenzeka ukunqotshwa okukhulu kwama-aphid, ukwelashwa kwe-nut namalungiselelo okuthi "i-Decis" ne "Karate" kunconywa. Uma izinambuzane ezilimazayo zitholakala esiteji sokuqala se-lesion, ungazama ukusebenzisa izinhlayiya kanye nezinhlayiya zezitshalo ezilahlwa yizinambuzane. Futhi, la mathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic.
Kubalulekile! Isihlahla asikwazi ukuchithwa ngesikhathi sezimbali, ngoba izidakamizwa zingabangela ukufa kwezinyosi.I-Walnut isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kodwa ubuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo obungalungile kaningi buvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Futhi, nazo, zingaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwesitshalo, ukwehliswa kwesihlahla, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwayo ngisho nokufa. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ungashiyi isitshalo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa, futhi ukhule ngokuhambisana nezincomo futhi uphathe imithi yokuvimbela. Kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kungakhula i-walnut ephilile futhi enempilo.
