I-Epiphyllum cactus iyisitshalo se-epiphytic enezimpande zomhlaba. Iziqu zombala obala obala obala oluhlaza noma indlu yesonto, nge-wavy noma emaphethelweni. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-60-70 cm, ngakho-ke sidinga ukwesekwa. I-Budget inesimo somngcwabo, ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-40 cm. Izimbali ze-Cactus zinemibala ebomvu, emhlophe, ebomvu, ephuzi, enombala obomvu, ububanzi bawo buhluka phakathi kuka-10-12 cm. I-Epiphyllum, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo sezindlu, sidinga ukuqondiswa. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-cactus ekhaya kungayithokozisa noma yimuphi umlimi onobuhle obuningi nephunga elimnandi, futhi uma kwenzeka impova efanele, futhi izithelo ezihlwabusayo.
Uyazi? Izithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu ezinkulu ze-epiphyllum zibhekwa njengezidliwayo, zine-flavour ye-banana-strawberry.
Ukukhetha indawo ye-epiphyllum
Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi ifasitela elihlala efulethini noma indlu ekhethelwe imbali. Kumelwe uthathe isinqumo ngokushesha lapho u-cactus kufanele abe khona endlini. Uma ukhetha indawo ye-epiphyllum, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izimo zokuhlala egumbini elizobe likhululekile kakhulu kuye.
Ukushisa
Isimo sokuqala nesinhloko sokugcinwa kwanoma iyiphi imbali yangaphakathi ukushisa. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo, i-flower yangaphakathi ye-epiphyllum izozizwa ikhululekile emazingeni okushisa angadluli u-21-25 ºC. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, ukuze isitshalo siphumule, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka 13-16 ºC, okungukuthi, lihambise e-windows sill. 
Ukukhanyisa
Njengoba wazi, i-phyllocactus ayithandi ukuwashaya ilanga eliqondile. Ukukhanya okushaya imbali kufanele kube okukhulu, kodwa ngokulinganayo kusakazwa. Kungcono ukudala izimo zokukhanyisa ezifanelekayo eziya empumalanga noma entshonalanga. Esikhathini esifudumele, imbali kufanele iyenze ngaphandle uma kunokwenzeka.
Kubalulekile! Emgwaqeni, udinga ukubeka i-cactus ukuze ilanga eliqondile lingangeni phezu kweziqu zalo, ukuze ugweme ukushisa.
Umswakama womoya
I-Epiphyllum nakuba isitshalo se-cactus, kodwa sidinga kakhulu umswakama. Amahlumela amahlumela kudingeka aphucwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngendwangu ebomvu. Njengoba kunezikhathi zokushisa zomoya eziphakeme isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sehlobo noma lapho kukhona ukushisa amadivayisi ekamelweni, kunconywa ukuba ulawule umswakama emoyeni ngokupompa amanzi ngebhodlela le-spray.
Ukukhetha izitsha zokutshala
Okubalulekile uma utshala kanye nemifino eqhubekayo ye-flower epiphyllum, yilapho ikhula khona. Uma ukhetha ukuma, ubukhulu kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ebhodweni, udinga ukucabangela ubukhulu bezithombo kanye nokuthambekela kwesitshalo ukuze sikhule. Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ze-epiphyllum yobudala obuneminyaka emithathu nantathu kuyenzeka ngemuva kokuchichima kwayo, kuphela lapho izimpande zivela ezivulekweni eziphansi zebhodini. Iziqu ezincane ze-cactus zitshalwe njalo ngonyaka embizeni ngamamentimitha ambalwa kuneyaphambilini.
Uyazi? Ngezimbali ezinhle ezingavamile, ngezinye izikhathi i-epiphyllum ibizwa ngokuthi i-orchid.
Usayizi wekhasi
Njengoba isimiso se-cactus asizange sithuthuke kakhulu, izimpande zayo zizizwa kahle embizazeni engajulile, nakuba ukutshala ezimbizeni ezijulile ngeke kube yimuphi umonakalo. Ukuze kuvuselele izimbali ze-epiphyllum, ibhodlela kufanele libe nzima kakhulu izimpande. Khetha ibhodlela yesidingo esiphuthumayo 2-3 cm ngaphezu kwesandulela. Uma izimpande ze-cactus zinamandla, ibhodlela kufanele libe lijulile.
Ifomu lokupheka
Nakuba izimbiza zesikwele noma ezixubile zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-cacti, lokhu akulungile. Ukulondoloza isikhala efasiteleni, ukukwazi ukubeka izimbiza ngokubambisana kunciphise ukujikeleza kwe-air futhi kuphazamise izimo zemiswakama. Uma ungafuni ukulimaza isitshalo sakho sezitshalo, sihlume ebhodweni elizungezile.
Kubalulekile! Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yibaphi ibhodlela lakho, khumbula ukuthi phansi kwalo kufanele kube nemigodi yokususa amanzi. Uma kungekho ukuqhuma, izimpande ziyobola.
I-Pot impahla
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokumbiza kungcono kakhulu. Omunye uthanda i-ceramics, othile uthanda ipulasitiki. Izinzuzo zobumba zihamba kahle nge-air exchange kanye ne-drainage ngenxa ye-porosity yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokubukeka kwemvelo. Inzuzo yebhodlela lepulasitiki likwazi ukugcina amanzi. Uma lesi sitshalo sisencane, singakabonakali, kungcono ukunikeza intando epulasitiki.
Faka phansi isitshalo se-epiphyllum
Ngaphansi kwe-epiphyllum ekhulayo ingalungiswa nguwe, noma ungathenga ukuxuba okwenziwe ngomumo esitolo esikhethekile. Uma ufuna ukulungisa inhlabathi ye-epiphyllum ngokwakho, kuzodingeka uhlanganise ngokulingana kwe-4: 4: 1: 1: 1 inhlabathi ye-turf, iqabunga lomhlaba, amalahle, isihlabathi somfula, i-peat. Izidingo eziyinhloko ze-substrate zingumswakama nokuphefumula, ukuphefumula. Okuthandayo kunikezwa enhlabathini encane e-acidic.
Ukutshala, ukukhiqiza nokutshala izitshalo ze-epiphyllum
Kungenzeka ukuletha isitshalo esimangalisayo njenge-epiphyllum ekhaya ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningana: ukuhlwanyela imbewu, ukukhula ukusika noma ukuhlukanisa ingxenye yesihlahla esidala. Umphumela wesithelo sakho uyoba okufanayo - imbali eneziqu ezinamandla nezimbali ezinhle. Inqubo yokwandisa i-cactus evela kumbewu iyoba yinde, futhi ubuncane bomzamo kanye nesikhathi kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla esidala
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha kwehlathi elidala kakhulu, ama-stalks amaningi anezimpande angahlukaniswa ukuthola ihlumela elisha. Kungcono ukutshala isihlahla ngemuva kokusila. Izitshalo kufanele zibe namanzi futhi ziqine, izimpande ezibolile zigcwale futhi zifakwe i-disinfect nge-activated charcoal. Umsuka ohlukanisiwe ufakwa ebhodweni elilungiselelwe nge-drainage kanye ne-substrate ekhethekile ye-cacti. Esikhathini sokuqala emva kokufakelwa izimbali ezishayelwe ngokushesha, ukuchelela akuvamile ukwenza.
Ukusebenzisa i-stem cuttings
Uma ufuna ukuthola isitshalo esinempilo esiqinisekisiwe, ungasebenzisa ukusika ukusika. Ukusika kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ngokuba ukusika, ukusika kwenziwa nge-stems enempilo, ukusika ama-10-15 amasentimitha ubude ezansi kuhloswe njengezikhonkwane. Ukuze ushiye ijusi yesitshalo, cuttings for one noma ezimbili izinsuku, shiya ebhodini elingenalutho, ibekwe cut. Bese ubeka ama-cuttings esiviniwe esiphelile esivumbile kuya ku-1.5 cm ejulile, phezulu phezulu ngendwangu yeshlabathi 2 cm obukhulu. Ukuphakama kwebhodlela akumele kudlule amamentimitha angu-7. Isiqu sifakwa endaweni evulekile, ukuchelela kuqala kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo.
Indlela yembewu
Indlela yokutshala imbewu ilula. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni, iqukethe ibhodlela le-spray elimbozwe nge-polyethylene noma i-can. I-substrate kufanele ifuthe ekushiseni kwama-25 ºC. I-greenhouse ishaya umoya wansuku zonke ihora. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ifilimu isusiwe. Okokuqala, izitshalo zibukeka njengezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-spiky cacti, ngesikhathi isikhathi se-spines sishaya futhi amagatsha abe flat futhi abushelelezi. I-Epiphyllum ikhula kusukela ezinsukwini ezingekho ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu kamuva.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunisela, okwenza izinto eziwusizo, ukupuniza nokusika. Phela, lezi zici aziphazamisi nje umsebenzi obalulekile wembali, kodwa futhi izimpande zayo. Ukunamathela emithethweni elula yokunakekelwa kwembali, ungakwazi ukugwema imiphumela engathandeki ngesimo sezifo kanye ne-cactus.
Uyazi? I-Epiphyllum iyasetshenziswa kakhulu emithi. Ngosizo lwezintambo ezenziwe ngesisekelo se-cactus, i-psoriasis, izifo ze-neurological kanye nezifo zesisu ziyaphathwa.
Ukuphuza i-Epiphyllum
I-succulent ichitheka njalo, amanzi kufanele ahlukaniswe, mhlawumbe alula, ukushisa kwamanzi kufanele kube sezingeni lokushisa. Ngenkathi yokukhula esebenzayo, ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuphana, kepha ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni kufanele libe nesikhathi sokuzamazama. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ukuchelela kunciphise, futhi ebusika, kuncishiswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, khumbula ukuthi umhlaba akufanele umise ngokuphelele. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, inani lokunisela liyanda.
I-Epiphyllum ipelafaza
Njengoba i-cactus ihlala emaphandleni asezindaweni ezishisayo nezamaxhaphozi, ngokungafani nabalingani bayo, lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama ukuze siphile emoyeni. Esikhathini esishisayo, iziqu ziyanda kakhulu, ukupuniza kwenziwa nge spray noma eshaweni. Amanzi kufanele abe sezingeni lokushisa. Ukufiphala kufanele kudinga ngokukhululekile, ukuvala umhlabathi ekukhuliseni. Ukuphalala kungcono ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukugwema ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukuhlunga ubusika akukwenziwa.
Ukuqeda i-Epiphyllum
Izitshalo ezifana ne-epiphyllum, ifomu hhayi nje ngokuhlanganisa noma ukuxhuma, kodwa futhi ukusika. Ukukhipha ama-cactus ukukhipha ngesikhathi esingahlelekile, okonakalisiwe, okwenziwe ngezansi, esigabeni esithile, esixubile esiqubeni sembali, kanye nokunciphisa amagatsha asele.
Ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwesitshalo, kubalulekile ukusika ama-curve aqondiswe ngaphakathi kweziqu. I-cacti endala ifakwe iziqu ngaphandle kwamaqabunga nalabo abahlanganiswe nesikhwama. Uma ukhiqiza iziqu zomhlaba, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi amaqabunga akhiwa emagatsheni omnyaka odlule. Amagatsha aphelile ngonyaka odlule awafaki amahlumela, kodwa angasuswa ngemva kweminyaka engu-2-3, ngoba ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwempilo.
Umanyolo kanye nokudla epiphyllum
Ukuze ungathinteki impilo yakho, ukuze uhambe kahle ekuthengiseni, uthenge esitolo umanyolo ojwayelekile we-cacti. Ekudleni, isitshalo sidinga ukukhula okusebenzayo (entwasahlobo-ehlobo). Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngokwemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa isikhathi 1 ngamasonto amabili. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma i-cactus ithululelwa nge-mullein ihlanjululwa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 4. Ebusika, ukunceliswa kumisiwe. Ngisho nomsoco usebenzisa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ze-nitrogen ezitshalweni zasendlini.
Izinkinga ekukhuleni i-epiphyllum
Izinkinga nge-epiphyllum ekhulayo kungenzeka kuphela ngokunakekelwa okungalungile kwembali. Izinkinga nokunciphisa ukuzivikela komkhuhlane kwenzeka ngokwephula izimo ezithile zemvelo:
- uma ama-stalk egcwala noma eyomile-lokhu kungaphezu kokuswakama emhlabathini noma ukuxhumana nesitshalo ngelanga eliqondile;
- i-cactus yeka ukukhula, ifihlekile igubha, neziqu ziguqula umbala - indawo lapho ubeka khona ibhodlela ayifanele;
- amagatsha e-phyllocactus ayomile futhi afe - uye wonakalisa izimpande ngokutshala kabusha imbali;
- izitshalo ziqala ukuphuma emanzini amaningi azakhiwe;
- ukubola kwempande kungabhubhisi nje kuphela i-fusarium, kodwa futhi kunomsoco owandayo embhodweni, ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo, ukushisa okwenziwe i-flowerpot elangeni.
Kubalulekile! Lapho amaqabunga eqala ukudala, imbali ayikwazi ukususwa endaweni yayo futhi iphikisiwe, bese i-cactus izobaphonsa ingavamile.
Uma udidekile, ungathola kanjani i-epiphyllum ukuqhakaza, vele uvumele ukuphumula. Beka imbali ebusika egumbini elinokukhanya okubi futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezulu kuka-12 ºC. Imbali izophumula kancane futhi inakekele kahle ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo-iyakunithokozisa ngokuqhakaza okubudlova. Uma i-epiphyllum isaqhubeka ingaqhakaza, khumbula ukwenza izihlahla ezikhishwa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-epiphyllum
I-epiphyllum evame kakhulu ephikisayo i-aphid, i-scythe, isicabucabu nesi-mealybug.
Isibungu se-spider Uma ubona ukuthi i-epiphyllum iboshwe ngamacweb, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala se-spider mite. Ubukhulu bekhaksi buhluka ukusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-0.5 mm, abesifazane - abomvu obomvu, abesilisa - abomvu obomvu. Izakhiwo ezifudumele ezomile zisebenza njengendawo enhle yokuhlala kwayo. Kuyingozi njalo unyaka wonke. I-cactus ishiya igciwane lesibungu sesicabucabu liphuzi futhi limile. Izinambuzane zikhona ngemuva kweshidi.
Lezi zinhlayiya zikhohlisayo ngokuthi, lapho izimo ezingenakwenzeka zokukhiqiza kwazo zenzeke, owesifazane angagubha emhlabathini futhi angene esimweni sokuphumula ngaphambi kokuqala kwemibandela efanelekayo ezinkambweni zokuphila. Umklomelo owodwa wesifazane ubeka amaqanda angu-150 ngesikhathi. Ngokushesha nje uma uqaphela ukuthi lo mnandi ubonakala kuwebhu, ngokushesha uqale ukwenza okuthile, ngoba ngaphezu kwehlobo owesifazane oyedwa angafaka izizukulwane ezingu-8-10 zamaqanda. Uma imbali ingathinteki kakhulu, ungakwazi ukugeza amahlumela awo ngesisombululo samanzi ensipho, amanzi a-tincture ka-garlic. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, sebenzisa ama-insecticide noma i-colloidal sulfur.
Shchitovki. Isibonakaliso sokutheleleka kwembali ngesihlangu ukubonakala kwamachashazi aphuzi esiqwini, ekugcineni sikhulise usayizi. Khona-ke iziqu ziphenduka ophuzi nokwehla. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-shinovok kwenzeka ngokugeleza komoya. Ifakwe esiqwini, zibukeka njengezilinganiso noma ukukhula. Umphumela wokutheleleka ukuboshwa ukukhula, futhi ngenxa yalokho imbali iyanyamalala.
Ukubhubhisa lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane esiyidingayo:
- shayela noma isiponsi esithambile,
- isisombululo samanzi asozini, i-garlic amanzi tincture noma isisombululo sezinambuzane.
Aphid Ukulimala okukhulu kakhulu izimbali kwenza i-aphid. Ubukhulu bezinambuzane bufinyelela ku-2 mm, abesifazane abanamaphiko, abesilisa abanakho. Umbala - uhlaza okhanyayo, ophuzi, obomvu, obomvana. Ukuhlala emakoloni amakhulu kumahlumela amancane avela ngezansi, aphuza ijusi ezivela ezimbali, abangele ukuba baqhube, baphathe izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izicucu ezitheleleke ezinambuzane zilahlekelwe umbala, futhi imbali ihlanganiswa ngento enamathele.
Ukuze ususe ama-aphid, udinga ukukususa ezinxenyeni zamathambo onegciwane, uphathe ngesisombululo samanzi asozini nge-parafini, noma usifake nge-insecticide yesistimu. Uma imbali imangala kakhulu, kungcono ukusika amahlumela. Uma kunesidingo, phinda ukwelashwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10.
I-Mealybug. Umzimba womuntu omdala ufinyelela kumbala we-3-4 mm, oval, pink noma orange, ogcwele i-patina emhlophe (izikhwama ezinamaqanda). I-Mealybugs ibuthana emakoloni engaphansi kwegatsha noma eziqongweni zamahlumela amancane, ukuphuza ijusi embali. Beka inzalo kwi-clumps yama-cobwebs omhlophe, futhi imbali, ehlatshwa yiyo, iba njengeqhwa lokufakelwa kusuka koboya bekotini. I-buckworm ichitha kakhulu izitshalo: ukukhula kwamahlumela kuvinjelwe. I-fungus emnyama ingabonakala ku-mucus ekhishwa yizibungu. Amaqanda ezinambuzane asusiwe embali nge-swab yekotini noma isiponji esincane. Khona-ke indawo enesifo igezwa nge siponji egalelwe ngamanzi asozini noma utshwala buhlanjululwe ngamanzi noma i-vodka. Uma imbali ithinteka kakhulu yizinambuzane, kungcono ukusebenzisa iziqu ezinambuzane eziphilayo.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu yi-fusarium, i-anthracnose, ukugqwala nokubola okumnyama.
I-Fusarium Uma unesifo lesi sifo, amagatsha e-cactus abomvu, imbangela yenguquko embala we-stem ukubola kwezimpande zembali. Phatha lesi sitshalo ngokufaka esikhundleni se-substrate ebhodweni, usika izimpande ezibolile uphinde uziphathe ngezingodo zomuthi. Isizathu se-fusarium yisimiso esinomsoco embizeni ngokuchelela okunengi.
Ukugqwala. Amachashaza anamandla akhiwa ngeziqu. Yenza ukuchelela okuningi kwezifo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ilanga eliqondile noma umswakama emagatsheni ngesikhathi sokunisela. Imbali inqunywa usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-Topaz.
Ukubola okumnyama Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo ngendlela yamabala amnyama amnyama ngeziqu. Izitshalo ezithintekayo ziyakunqunywa, ukusika kutholakala nge-disinfected ngamalahle asebenzayo, futhi imbali ihlanjululwa ne-Fundazole.
I-Anthracnose. Amabala aluhlaza avela ezinhlobonhlobo ezinomsoco. Iziqu ezithintekayo kufanele zisuswe noma zilungiswe ngokushesha. I-cut is disinfected nge carbon activated. Lesi sitshalo sihlanjululwa ngesisombululo saso noma iyiphi i-fungicide.
