Ukuze ikotishi lasehlobo noma uzungu phambi kwendlu lube yindawo yokuphumula nokuthula, kufanelekile ukutshala i-azalea. Isitshalo siwuphawu lobuhle besifazane nobumnene. Kukhona isihlahla nesihlahla se-azalea, konke kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo nasendaweni yokukhula. Ungowomndeni wakwaVereskov. Kuyathandwa kakhulu eYurophu naseJapan. Igama lesibili yi-Rhododendron, lichaza izici zezitshalo.
Ingadi ye-Azalea: ukutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
Ingadi ye-Azalea, ukutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile owenziwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho ethile, ingaba umhlobiso wangempela wekotishi lasehlobo. Ngokutshala ezindaweni ezivulekile, izinhlobo ezingamelana nesithwathwa zikhethwa ikakhulu. Ukunakekelwa kuqukethe ukutshala okufanele, ukugqoka phezulu, ukuchelela, ukugawula nokuvikela kwizilokazane nezifo.
Izimbali zezimbali azalea
Uma zonke izinyathelo zokunakekela i-Rhododendron zenziwa ngokuhambisana nezincomo, khona-ke kuzoqhakaza isikhathi eside. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha isiko lokuhlobisa ngenxa yokuzithoba nobuhle besiqu. Njengoba i-azalea ithanda izindawo ezinomthunzi, ngenxa yalokhu kungenzeka ukugcwalisa izikhala ezingenalutho emibhedeni yezimbali ngaphansi kwezihlahla lapho ezinye izilimo zingakhuli khona.
Umsuka nokubukeka kwesitshalo
Indawo yokuhlala yalesi sitshalo ihlathi elingaphansi kwe-Central Asia. Ungahlangana nembali eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika. Kwafika lapha njengesihlahla sendlu esiqhakaza ebusika. EJapan, bebelokhu bezalanisa ama-azaleas amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi, besebenzisa ubuciko be-bonsai.
IHybrid azalea yaqala ukwanda ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1900s. Abahlengikazi baqala ukugcwala ngentshiseko ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo, ezazithanda kakhulu amaJalimane, iBrithani kanye nabaseMelika.
Nakani! Abatshali bezimbali abanokuhlangenwe nakho bavame ukubiza i-azalea rhododendron, bebheka leli gama ngokubabazekayo.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhetha umqhele wezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile: i-deciduous, i-pyramidal, i-semi-deciduous, i-ampelous ne-evergreen. Ukuphakama kweziqu kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, ama-specimens amancane kunazo zonke awekho ngaphezu kwama-50 cm. Amaqabunga acwebezelwe, anemibala eluhlaza okotshani, kepha amnandi uma uthintwa. Isiqu esisezingeni eliphansi sifana nesihlahla, kuya phezulu kuya amahlumela aluhlaza. Hlukanisa phakathi kwenguquko yonyaka nenguquko yonyaka yesitshalo, konke kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Abantu abaningi bazi into eyodwa, i-azalea isihlahla esivame ukuhlaza futhi siqhakaza kakhulu izinyanga eziningana zilandelana.
Izimbali Zembali Yezitshalo
Incazelo ehlukile ifanele izimbali zesitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, isihlahla noma isihlahla sifana nomsebenzi wokucima umlilo, ngoba kunamahlamvu amaningi kakhulu kangangokuba akukho maqabunga abonakalayo ngemuva kwawo. Izici eziphambili zezimbali ze-azalea:
- izimbali zivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60 futhi zivela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba;
- imbali ingaba imbali ejwayelekile kakhulu noma ephindwe kabili;
- imibala ye efihlekile ingahluka: ophuzi, lilac, lilac, omhlophe, wegolide, onsomi omnyama, owolintshi.
Ukuvela kwembali yenye yezinhlobo ze-azalea
Ama-Florists ahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zezimbali. Isihlahla esijwayelekile siqukethe amacembe amahlanu kanye no-stamens abaningi. Amafomu e-Terry anama-petals amaningi, atholakala kusuka kuma-stamens. "Imbali ngezimbali" - ama-petals ayi-12 akha "inkomishi".
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-600 ezinokubukeka okuhlukile nobunjalo bezimbali. Ekhaya, yimbili kuphela etholakala kakhulu - ama-azaleas aseNdiya nawaseJapan. Le azalea isemgwaqweni nangaphakathi endlini, ngakho-ke akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabamele isitshalo.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezejwayelekile ezitholakala ngokukhethwa. Umehluko phakathi kwabo unqunywa isikhathi sezimbali, usayizi nombala wazo. Ubukhulu besihlahla noma isihlahla nakho kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa.
Nakani! Isihlahla se-Azalea nesihlahla sinezimpawu zaso, ezinqunywa ukubukeka nesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Ukubonakala kwesitshalo saseNdiya kubonakaliswa ukubukeka kwesihlahla okungajwayelekile. Izimbali zinombala ogqamile nesimo esingejwayelekile, esihlukanisa isiko lokuhlobisa kusuka engadini engaphambili noma imibhede yezimbali. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene akubekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, okuphezulu yi-−10 ° C.
I-azalea yaseJapan
"AmaJapane" noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-azalea eyindilinga, ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Isitshalo esihlukahlukahluka ngaphandle kwezinkinga emhlabathini futhi sibekezelela imiphumela emibi yendawo yangaphandle. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezilandelwayo eziyisisekelo ze-azalea ezithambile:
- UMelina inguqulo ye-shrubby enobude obungaba ngu-50 cm onezimbali eziningi;
- I-Kermesina Alba iyi-shrub ephansi enezimbali ezimhlophe eziphakathi nendawo;
- I-petticoat azalea - isihlahla sangemuva sama-50 cm ubude ngezimbali ezipinki eziphaphathekile;
- I-Ledikanense ithanda izindawo ezimnyama, ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, ukuphonsa ama-buds ansomi.
Enye yezinhlobo ze-azalea zaseJapan
Ukutshala nokunakekela iJapan yaseJapan endaweni evulekile kubekezelela kahle. Ama-azaleas aseJapan engadini asetshenziswa njenge-bonsai. Ngenxa yendlela ekhethekile yokutshala isiqu, ungathola uhlobo oluhlukile, oluhle kakhulu lwesitshalo.
Ukufakelwa ngemuva kokuthengwa emhlabathini ovulekile wensimu ye-azalea
I-Azalea engadini ingavela kuphela entwasahlobo, ngoba ukuthengiswa nokufakelwa kungenzeka kuphela ngalesi sikhathi. Udinga ukuthenga ngokucophelela, kungakuhle ukuthi unake ama-nuances anjengalawa:
- isithombo kufanele sibe esitsheni esikhethekile enomhlabathi;
- umhlaba esitsheni kumele umswakama;
- leli gciwane kufanele lakhiwe hhayi ukuvilapha;
- kufanele kube namapheshana angaphezu kwayi-10 emqhele ngaphandle kokuphetha okwomile noma okubunjiwe.
Nakani! Uma ukukhethwa kwenziwa kahle, isithombo sizokhula ngokushesha bese siqala ukuqhakaza kungakapheli nenyanga emva kokutshala.
Okudingayo kokwehla
Ukutshala ama-azaleas emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo kuqala ngokukhethwa kwendawo efanelekile kanye nokulungiswa komhlaba. Kungcono ukuthenga umhlaba okhethekile esitolo, kepha futhi ungazilungiselela isitho esingezansi. Kuzothatha izingxenye ezilula kakhulu: i-peat, isihlabathi kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zomhlaba ohlukahlukene. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukulungiselela nokulungiselela ukutshala izithombo. Ekupheleni, ukuthambisa kuyenziwa. Yonke inqubo ithatha okungenani isigamu sehora. Ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokwehlukaniswa kwemvelo kuyimfuneko.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu
Ukuze isitshalo singalimali futhi siqhume, udinga ukukhetha indawo efanelekile engadini. Kungcono ukutshala isampuli emthunzini oyingxenye, ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungasilimaza isitshalo. Inketho efanelekile kungaba isithunzi sesihlahla esinomqhele obukhulu. Kungcono ukukhetha izindawo lapho uthango noma uthango lukude nesihlahla.
Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika
I-Bush azalea noma i-Woody ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile zokutshala okujwayelekile. Kwanele ukusebenzisa i-algorithm eyisisekelo ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umlimi. Inqubo yokufika yenziwa ngokuya ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Kulungiswa umgodi. Amapharamitha kufanele abe njalo ukuze izimpande zilinganiswe ngokulinganayo, hhayi zigobile. Isendlalelo sokudonsa kufanele silingane ngaphansi.
- Setha izithombo ngqo phakathi komgodi ufafaze izimpande nge-substrate elungiselelwe. Musa ukuqinisa isiza esivumayo, umhlaba mawuhlale umkhulu ngokushintshaniswa komoya okungcono.
- Fafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi afafaza bese uthambisa inhlabathi ngendlela efanayo. Ukunisela kusuka ebhakedeni noma ukuthambisa can ngosuku lokuqala kuyinto engathandeki. Okulandelayo, udinga ukubheka izimo zezulu.
Ukulungiselela isithombo sokutshala
Ukutshala imbali akunzima, into esemqoka ukuqapha ukuthambisa nokondla ngesikhathi. Isimiso sokukhishwa kokwehlukile kunqubo ejwayelekile. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi inhlabathi ngemuva kokufafaza isithombo ayichotshoziwe.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kwesihlahla noma isihlahla sokuhlobisa siqukethe inqubo elula - ukusikwa. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kukhule i-azalea kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa kwenziwa ngendlela eyodwa.
Ngemininingwane! Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo singaphindaphindeka ngezinqubo zezimpande, kepha le nqubo yinde kakhulu futhi kungenzeka kuphela ngezinhlobonhlobo zonyaka.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Lolu khetho oluhle kakhulu lokuzala isiko lokuhlobisa. Propagate isitshalo ngosizo lwe-cutways entwasahlobo. Inqubo imi kanje:
- Khetha i-twig, ubude bayo okungenani bube yi-10 cm. Inketho efanelekile ingaba isiqu se-12 cm.
- Okungenani amaqabunga amakhulu amabili kufanele abekhona ngaphezulu kwesithombo esizayo. Kungahle kube khona izinto eziluhlaza ngaphezulu.
- Sika isiqu nge-angle eyingozi bese uphatha umsiki nge-powder ekhethekile.
- Beka igatsha ebhodweni nge-peat bese ulimboza ngefilimu, udale abamba ukushisa. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza ngokuvula kwifilimu.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, ungaqala ukuphakamisa ifilimu imizuzu embalwa yokufafaza futhi ufafaze inhlabathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela kusuka kokusika kungaqala ngoJuni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungathathi izithombo zezithombo ezitshalweni esivele sezinezimbali.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Azalea ngokusika
Ngemuva kokubamba imbala, okwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili, ungatshala ihlumela eliqinile endaweni evulekile enomthunzi oyingxenye.
Ukunakekelwa kwengadi ye-Azalea
Ingadi ye-Azalea idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile, okubandakanya izenzo zokuqala:
- ukusetha imodi yokunisela ecacile. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha umswakama eduze kwe-azalea;
- akwanele ukutshala isampula emhlabathini omuhle; kufanelekile ukondla inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile;
- amaqabunga omile namahlamvu aqhelile kufanele asuswe.
Ngenxa yenkinga engapheli yokunisela, abaningi abafuni ukuzibandakanya nalolu hlobo lwamasiko engadi. Kepha eqinisweni, abukho ubunzima obukhethekile ekunakekeleni lo mfanekiso.
Imodi yokunisela
Isitshalo sithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke udinga ukulandela umbuso oqondile wokunisela. Uma i-azalea itshalwe esizeni, ukuphuma emigwaqweni kungokulandelayo:
- moisten umhlabathi uma ungqimba oluphezulu selomile;
- amanzi okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku ngamanzi afudumele okungaphezu kwama-20 ° C;
- moisten amahlamvu ngesifutho izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Nakani! Ukuze wandise umswakama womoya, beka ibhakede lamanzi eduze kwesitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhula okujwayelekile kuqinisekiswa ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanelekile kusukela ekuqaleni. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-humus, isihlabathi, i-peat, i-coniferous, i-sod kanye ne-peat land. Ingxenye yazo zonke izakhi iyafana.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, kufanelekile ukondla okokuqala. Kungcono ukusebenzisa noma imuphi umanyolo enzelwe izitshalo zasengadini yomhlobiso. Phinda inqubo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30.
Izici zokunakekelwa ngesikhathi sezimbali
Ayikho imithetho yomhlaba yokushiya ngesikhathi sezimbali ze-Rhododendron. Into esemqoka ukwenza ukuthambisa okujwayelekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kube namaminerali anele ukusekela impilo hhayi yamaqabunga kanye nesiqu kuphela, kodwa futhi nenqwaba enkulu yamahlamvu.
Ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo okuhlukile kwezimbali
Kubalulekile! Ngenqubo yokufafaza amaqabunga, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa i-ingress yomswakama kuma-petals kanye namahlumela e-azaleas.
Kuyalulekwa ukuthi kuqashelwe amaqabunga omile nama-buds asevele aphelile. Zidinga ukususwa ukuze i-recharge ibuye iye kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. Ukunquma amagatsha ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo akufiseleki, lokhu kungaholela ekutheni omiswe futhi nokufa kwe-Rhododendron engadini.
Izici zokunakekelwa ekuphumuleni
I-Azalea, ukunakekelwa nokutshala engadini enama-nuances ayo, isebenzisa umzamo omningi ekwakhekeni kwamahlamvu. Ukuqhakaza kwelanga yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi amalungiselelo enziwa ubusika, kubekelwa imiqumbe entsha.
Kubalulekile njengamanje ukususa amaqabunga omile nezimbali ezivilaphayo emagatsheni. Unganquma amagatsha angeziwe ngalesi sikhathi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Ama-secateurs kufanele abukhali, futhi amagatsha kufanele asikwe ebangeni eli-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ngokuqondile, ukunakekela i-rhododendron akudingekile ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Ungayeka nokufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi ukuze ama-berry angakhuli futhi akhule ngenkathi ebandayo. Ukunisela kufanele futhi kunqunyelwe, umhlaba unganyiswa kusuka ku-sprayer.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ukulungiswa kwe-Rhododendron ebusika kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesifunda sokukhula. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yezwe, asikho isidingo sokufaka lesi sitshalo ngokukhethekile, kuzosebenza ubusika ngokwako, ngoba i-Rhododendron imelana neqhwa.
Izimo zesimo sezulu zimbi kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow naseRentral Russia, nase-Urals naseSiberia. Isikhathi sasebusika kumele sinikezwe: ukufakelwa isiqu, kwesinye isikhathi kufanele ugobe amagatsha futhi ungene nokufakwa.
Nakani! Uma ubusika buhlelelwe ukuthi kube yiqhwa nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya--30 ° C, khona-ke lesi sitshalo kufanele sidluliselwe ebhodweni elikhulu silethwe endlini noma sifakwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
I-azalea yaseGadini ingaba ngumhlobiso wangempela wombhede wezimbali. Iqhakaza kakhulu isikhathi eside, ijabulisa iso ngezinhlamvu ezigqamile ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nemibala. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezithandwa kakhulu ezingavimbani nesithwathwa futhi ezingazinikeli ekunakekelweni. Amafriji aphakathi nendawo ngeke adale izinkinga uma i-Rhododendron ikhula enhlabathini evundile evamile futhi ithola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka nokuqhakaza.
