In izithelo Apple Spas banikele apula tree Grushevka Moskovskaya

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, eRussia, kwaziswa i-apple encane ebomvu-ophuzi - Amaparele aseMoscow ukuvuthwa okufanele ngomkhosi wokuvuna wokuqala - uMsindisi we-Apple.

Phela, ungadli ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti I-apple entsha, ehlanjululwe esontweni phakathi kweziSlav zaseMpumalanga yayibhekwa njengesono esikhulu.

Mhlawumbe yingakho lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaseRussia ezibizwa ngokuthi zibizwa ngokuthi ngobumnene nangokwemvelo: Sladchina, Spasovka, Sadova, Pestrushka, Skoropospelka, Pear Red.

Incazelo ye Grushovka Moskovskaya ezihlukahlukene nokuthi yini ama-apula abukeka esithombeni - uzothola konke lokhu esihlokweni.

Luhlobo luni olubhekisela

Apple tree Grushovka Moscow libhekisela izinhlobo zehlobo.

Ukumelana nesithwathwa ngenkathi ebandayo, ukuvunwa kokuqala, isivuno esikhulu sasiyisisekelo sokukhetha umuthi wamaparele waseMoscow njengesiko sezinhlobo ezintsha. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ezihlukahlukene zama-apula Iphakathi kwekuqala futhi Isikhumbuzo saseSiberia.

Grushovka Moskovskaya - ibanga lokuqala lama-apula. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sama-apula sibika amaviki amabili ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo azihambisani nokuvuna ngaphandle kokucubungula, njengoba zinjalo impilo yesheluli engakapheli izinsuku ezingu-60.

Izithelo zamapheya eMoscow ukhethe ukusetshenziswa okushanjengabo ocebile e-ascorbic acidi-soluble esheshayo ushukela kanye nezici zokulandelela.

Ama-apula Grushovka anokuqukethwe kwekhalori ye-47 kcal.

Ama-apula ane ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nokucubungula okunama-multivariate (ujamu, amajamu, ama-juice, i-candy, ukudla kwezingane, iwayini lesithelo, izithelo ezomisiwe).

Kwathi kuqambe kufika ihlobo amakilasi zihlanganisa: uMelba, Bugler, Gornoaltaisk, robin, emkhosini, elihlukanisa inselo Isiliva, yisithombo Slontsedara, Solntsedar, Green Valley, ukugcwaliswa White, Yandykovskoe, Hero kosuku, Terentevka, South, July Chernenko, Quintus, Korobovka, emangalisayo, Elena, Slava winner , I-Anniversary.

Ukuvota

Izinhlobonhlobo Grushovka Moskovskaya - apula tree ukuzimelaNge-ovari yezithelo lapho impova yezinye izinhlobo ezidingekayo. Yingakho, ngokuvamile, abalimi bezitshalo babehlanyela izihlahla ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi bangatheli izithelo.

Ngokuba Grushovka Moskovskaya the best izinambuzane ezivuthiwe kukhona: Cinnamon, Papirovka, Bellefleur-Kitaika, Antonovka.

Ekukhethweni kwe-pollinator kufanele kucatshangelwe:

• ukungahambi kahle kwezikhathi zezimbali nezimbali;
• Izinzuzo ze-varietal ze-pollinator yendawo;
• Abavolontiya ngokwabo kufanele bavotwe yizinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu.

Kubalulekile: Akunakwenzeka ekutshalweni kwensimu ukuthi kunqunyelwe ukuhlukahluka okunye: kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esibi ngaphandle kwezihlahla zokuvuna noma ukuhlala ngaphandle kwayo.

Incazelo izinhlobo Grushovka Moscow

Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukubonakala kwe-apula nezithelo.

Eminyakeni emibili, isiteji salezi zinhlobonhlobo sinesikhathi sokudala amagatsha omzimba. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi isitshalo siphenduka sibe umuthi omude (kufika kumamitha angu-8) ngokubanzi umqhele we-pyramidal, futhi nangeminyaka yobudala - ngendlela yebhola.

Isihlahla esikhulu se-pear sinomqhele omuhle futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-5-7lokho kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kufika. Amagxolo anamanzi amabili anesibhakabhaka, ipephu emnyama, emithini evuthiwe i-orange-yellow.

Amaqabunga amakhulu ahlanganiswe ngama-petioles amade ane-margin ekhontiwe kahle e-pubescent ngemuva futhi abe ne-tint yellow. Izinhlamvu zamagilebhisi kwezinye izitshalo ziguqulwa ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu.

Ukuvuthwa nge-pink buds (ngo-May), isitshalo ekucubungeni kwezimbali sigcwele izimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, ezinama-saucer, ezine-stamens kanye ne-pistil.

Izithelo ezivuthayo - kancane oblate globularahlukile umbala we-multicolor: kusuka ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya ocebile obomvu obomvu, ngemivimbo, ama-specks nemigqoqo eminyene ehlangothini elangeni.

Isikhumba sincane, sibhebhezela futhi sikhanya nge-wax yemvelo. Inyama iluhlaza okwedlulele, eduze kwesikhumba - pink, ekhululekile futhi enomsoco. I-fetus ephezulu kakhulu ithola i-powderiness ye-fiber.

Imbewu (ekamelweni elivaliwe) yayizilinganiso eziphakathi nendawo eluhlaza okombala. Ubukhulu bama-apula buncane (60-100 gr.). Ngokunakekelwa kahle kungafinyelela amagremu angu-120. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo - okubizwa ngokuthi mnandi-omuncu.

Usizo:I-pear izithelo iqukethe amaphesenti amakhulu e-ascorbic acid, okudinga izinyathelo zokulondoloza u-koqweqwe lwawo wamazinyo. Kunconywa emva kokudla ama-apula ukususa umlomo wakho ngokugcwele ngamanzi.

Isithombe

Umlando wokuzala

Igama layo lamanje i-Grushivka lathola esikhathini eside esidlule, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba lichazwe njengezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ezivuthiwe. A. Bolotov.

Yebo, futhi "i-pear tree" yaba ngenxa yokuthi kwakubonakala sengathi i-pomolog ukuthi ukuma komqhele wayo osemncane kufana nelanga elimpe.

Ukucaciswa - "eMoscow" - kwakudingeka kwenziwe ukusungula umehluko kusuka ezihlukahlukene ezifanayo ekhona eNtshonalanga Amapheya aseJalimane.

Ukutshalwa kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene kwahamba ngokwemvelo., imizamo ethandwayo, ukuhlala ensimini enyakatho Isifunda saseChernozem, ema-Urals, eSiberia ethuthukilekusukela izihlahla ze-apula odumile ngenxa yobunzima bayo obusika.

Apple Tree Grushovka Moscow ngekhulu le-19 zixazululwe ezindaweni ezifanayo ENyakatho Melika. Embukisweni e-chicago wanikeza ngaphansi kwegama I-Tetfskyfuthi eCanada, ngesisekelo sokuvuthwa kwemifino yayo, kuhlotshaniswa ezihlukahlukene I-mantetokuyinto manje ethandwa abalimi bekhaya.

Isifunda sokusabalalisa

Ukuphikisana kwezinhlobonhlobo kuya kwi-frosty winters (kuze kube yi--50 degrees Celsius) ihlanganisa ububanzi bayo kusuka eCentral kuya eNyakatho naseMpumalanga yaseSiberia.

Grushivka Moskovskaya kusukela ngo-1947 kufakiwe kwiRejista Yombuso yezindawo ezisenyakatho zeNgxenye yaseYurophu nase-Asia yeRussian Federation.

Ezinye zezinhlobo zawo zaseSiberia zathola amafomu ezinwabuzelayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhetha. Amapheya akhule ngempumelelo esifundeni seVolga, eKuban, eBelarus naseKazakhstan.

Ukuthela

Izinhlobonhlobo zidumile isivuno sayo, esivela ngezikhathi ezithile (emva konyaka).

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azizange zithole ukuhweba, kodwa ikakhulukazi zathinteka kubalimi abazimele kanye nezakhamuzi zasehlobo, ezazikulungele ukunakekela isihlahla esingenakuzethemba lapho kulindeleke isivuno esikhulu (kuze kube ngu-180 kg esitokisini esisodwa).

I-apula imithi ehlukahlukene, i-Pear tree, ihlala isikhathi eside (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50), i-apula iqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine. Futhi kakade kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala, 10 kg ama-apula angasuswa emthini ngamunye.

Ukuthi lo muthi uqhubeka ngamandla emva kokuqala kwezimbali, ziphule izimbali eziyi-85-95%. Futhi uphule I-50% yesithelo isesezingeni elihlaza.

Ngakho ungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuvuna isivuno sakho. Ama-apula asele azokhula amakhulu nakakhulu.

Uma ungalandeli lo mthetho, ke ungabaleki ukugqithwa komuthi futhi umphumela ungaba yinhlekelele. Bukela ividiyo cishe ngakho.

Imfuneko ekhethekile ekukhetheni isayithi lokufika - i-sunny hill, ivaliwe emoyeni. Izithelo zamapheya ezivuthiwe zivame ukuqhuma, futhi ukukhuphuka kwemimoya kuyanda.

Nakuba ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile, zibhekwa ngokungathobeki, i-peargia yaseMoscow uzwela ekudleni okumazayo kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

I-lowlandscated lowlands, izigodi, ukuchitheka, lapho isitshalo singase sithole iqhwa ngesikhathi sezimbali. Inhlabathi ethandekayo ye-apula - i-sandy ne-deep loam.

Ithiphu: Uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esongela ukutshala, kubalulekile ukumba imigodi yamanzi eduze kwesihlahla esivuthiwe.

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-apula ngu: ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (kusukela enombolweni engu-20) noma ekwindla, kuze kufike ku-Oktoba 20 (ngosuku olulandelayo kungcono ukutshala isithombo kuze kufike entwasahlobo).

Kubalulekile: Umsebenzi wokucwaninga wenziwa ngesonto ngaphambi kokufika.

I-algorithm yokufika:

1. Dweba imbobo eyi-70 cm ejulile ngobubanzi be-100 cm.
2. Ukukhipha phansi komgodi ngaphandle kokukhipha umhlabathi.
3. Beka amathini amathini phansi.
4. Ukugcwalisa umgodi nge-1/3 nge-layer humus.
5. Engeza amaminerali nama-organic fertilizer (superphosphate, umuthi wokhuni, umquba).
6. Hlanganisa nomhlaba ovulekile phansi komgodi bese ugcwalisa ube yingxenye yokuphakama.
7. Isibungu sakhiwa sisuka emhlabathini.
8. Isigxobo siqhutshelwa phakathi kwegodini, ukuze sikhuphuke ngamasentimitha angu-50 ngaphezu kwayo. Ukugcina isiqu, izimpande zenzalo zisakaze esigodini ngakwesokunxele kwesigxobo.
9. Izimpande zifafazwe ngomhlaba, ngaso sonke isikhathi ziqeda ngokucophelela phansi, ukuze intamo impande iphakame ngaphezu kwezinga elingaphansi kuka-5 cm.
10. Izithombo zihlelwe emgodini oqoshiwe owenziwe nge-plastic twine.
11. Ukuchelela kokuqala kumele kube nokuningi - kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ihlanza ngokugcwele (amabhakede amahlanu).
12. Pristvolnuyu surface mulch 5 cm peat ungqimba.
13. Ukunisela kuyaphindwa ngesonto.

Kubalulekile: Ukufika kulula kakhulu ukwenza ndawonye.

Kusukela ekunakekeleni kuxhomeke ekuvuneni kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.

Ukunakekela i-apula kuhlanganiswe nesimiso sezinyathelo ezidingekayo: ukuchelela, ukwakheka komqhele (nge-pruning system), ukugqoka okuphezulu (izimpande), ukuvimbela izifo nokulimala okubangelwa izinambuzane.

Ukunisela eyenziwa ngokufafaza, kusihlwa. Ngaphambi kokunisela, ukukhishwa kwesibhamu sesibhamu (60 cm kusuka esihlahleni) kwenziwa ngemfoloko noma i-scrap. Ngesinye isikhathi, ama-20-30 amalitha amanzi athululelwa esitokisini esineminyaka emibili ubudala. Esikhathini esithelayo neshisayo sasehlobo senziwa cishe izikhathi ezingu-2 ngesonto.

Ukwakheka komqhele Iqukethe ukubeka i-trunk nokusika izihlumela ukuze kutholakale amagatsha omzimba. Ngalokhu, ama-buddha angu-6-7 ashiywe, ukusika ngaphezulu kwe-12 cm.

Ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa, kuqondiswa yizinhloso ezilandelayo:

• ukususwa kwamahlumela okuncintisana (ukukhula okufanele kwamagatsha amancane);
• ukukhipha umqhele wokolweni usawoti okwanele;
• ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile nabonakalisiwe;
• ukwandisa inani lamagatsha athelayo;
• unikeze kalula ukuvuna;
• ukulungiselela isitshalo isikhathi sokubanda ebusika.

Ukusika izihlahla njalo ebanjwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izihlahla ze-apula ezincane zikhululiwe kusuka emahlumela aphelile ngonyaka odlule, zihloswe ngenhloso yokwanda kwezivuno, ezindala - ngenhloso yokuvuselelwa.

Lezi tincetu ziphathwa ngokunamathisela okuvikelayo - izinga lokulima.

Kubalulekile: Emkhiqizweni wezitshalo zasentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba ifihlekile.

Ukugqoka okuyisisekelo kwenziwa izikhathi ezine ngesikhathi ngasinye:

• owokuqala - ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (ama-gramu angu-500 we-urea noma amabhakede ayi-10 omquba asetshenziselwa umuthi);
• okwesibili - ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza (1 kg ye superphosphate, 800 g we potassium sulfate, 500 g we-urea ngamalitha angu-200 amanzi); ukutshala ukusetshenziswa - izilitha ezingama-40 zesisombululo esihle;
• okwesithathu - ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo (1 kg nitrophoska, 20 g we-sodium humate eyomile ngamalitha angu-200 amanzi); umthamo - amalitha angu-30 ngaphansi kwesihlahla;
• wesine - emva kokuvuna (300 grams of superphosphate, 300 grams of potassium sulphide ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye); Ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa ngesandla, usakaze emanzini isikhathi esomile, usakazezeze esihlahleni esimweni sezulu.

Buka ividiyo mayelana nokunakekelwa kwesihlahla, ukudla nokulawula izinambuzane.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izinhlamvu ze-fungal zingakwazi ukushaya ama-apula ngokwawo, okwenza ukuba angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa. Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo kwenziwa ngamalungiselelo afanayo, kodwa manje ngemuva kwesigaba sesibhakabhaka. Esetshenziselwa ukulwa nokubola kwezithelo kanye ne "Fundazol."

UsizoIkhono eliphakeme lokubuyisela kabusha linye yezinzuzo zalolu hlobo, kanti izinkinga eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezifo ze-fungal (isikhumba).

Ubuningi besembozo seqabunga kanye nomthunzi we-trunk futhi wenze i-apula ingavinjelwe ngokumelene nezifo ezifungile.

Usizo: Ukugwema ukutheleleka kwe-fungal ye-apula, kufaneleka ukusika izihlahla njalo (entwasahlobo nasekwindla). Amagatsha okusika kufanele ashe, angavumeli ukuhlukana kwezimpikiswano engadini.

Ukuvimbela izilonda zamagciwane kuyinto:

Ukususwa kwamagatsha kanye nezithelo ze-shrunkenethinteke ngokubola okumanzi.

Izitshalo zokwelashwa ezibulala amagciwaneisixazululo (ithusi sulfate noma i-chloride yethusi).

Ukugcina umhlaba ulahlekile kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2 (eyabelwe ukufika).

Amabala ama-brownish enkulumweni yamahlamvu ngokulimala komuthi isikhumba Lesi yisifo se-fungal esisongela amaqabunga kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimbali nezithelo.

Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, ngesikhathi sokuqala kweqabunga lokubonakala, isitshalo siphathwa ngezixazululo zemikhiqizo eqediwe (1 ampoule "Skor" noma "Horus" ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).

Ungasetshenziselwa ukupuniza umqhele kanye nesisombululo sulfulin colloidal (50 g. Ngama-10 amalitha amanzi).

Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo, okwamqinisekisa ukuthi kusenesikhathi eside.

I-Grushovka yaseMoscow ngamakhulu ambalwa eminyaka iyinto yokufinyelela engadingekile yensimu yangasese. Yini eyayibikezela ukuqashelwa kwayo okubanzi?

Njengama-pluses:

• ubusika obunzima obusika;
• ikhono lokubuyiselwa;
• izithelo zokuvuthwa zakuqala;
• isivuno esikhulu;
• ukulungele kusenesikhathi kwe-fruiting (ngonyaka wesine);
• ukukhiqizwa kwesihlahla eside;
• ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu nama-apula aphansi khalori;

Kukhona futhi ukungalungi, kodwa ungakwazi ukubekezelela:

• izithelo ezincane? kodwa isilinganiso samakamelo okuhlwanyela imbewu enhlokodeni kuya kobuningi be-pulp ayilutho;
• ayifanele ukuhamba nokugcina isikhathi eside? - kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina ama-apula efomini elicutshungulwayo;
• ukuvuthwa okungewona okwamanje? - kungenzeka ukuqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokucubungula okuphuthumayo ngesikhathi esisodwa isibalo esikhulu.