E-intanethi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokutshala utamatisi. Wonke umlimi wemifino we-amateur ufuna ukuthola indlela ezoletha isivuno esiphezulu emazindeni aphansi kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi bakhuthaza ukutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela.
Ake sibone ukuthi le ndlela iyini.
Utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela - inganekwane noma ngokoqobo?
Abalimi abaningi bayaqaphela kakhulu ngokuvuna kwabo. Ngokuphathelene nezotamatisi, akekho umlimi ozophutha umzuzu wokuphuza lesi sitshalo. Siqaphele ukuthi izithombo zomile - kuyadingeka ukuba ziwuthe amanzi, zibone ukuthi ziyoma - kubalulekile ukuwuthambisa, izithombo zibukeka zijwayelekile, kepha umhlaba usomile - kudingeka futhi wenze inqubo yokunisela. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo ngokweqile kwezitshalo kubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile - umhlali wehlobo uboshelwe kumatamatisi, futhi akakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside.
Kubalulekile! Ungalimi utamatisi ojule ngaphezu kwe-5 cm emhlabathini. Nge-10 cm ejulile, cishe akukho ama-microorganisms, kanti lesi sitshalo sizofa masinyane.Enenethiwekhi, abalimi abaningi bathi sekuyisikhathi eside bayeka ukuthambisa utamatisi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bathola isivuno esicebile nesinambithekisayo.
Esimweni lapho ukuchelela kwenzeka khona noma ngaphandle, isimiso sezimpande sesitshalo saphela ukukhiqiza umswakama wedwa. Futhi uma ushiya ngaphandle kwamanzi, izimpande zizoqala ukukhula futhi zikhule ngokujulile. 
Kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwamatamatisi luyakwazi ukungena emhlabathini ibanga lamamitha angaphezu kwesigamu nesigamu. Kuvela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikwazi ngokuzimela ngokuzinikeza umswakama odingekayo ovela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
Indlela enjalo ingase ibonakale inengozi, ngemuva kokuqhuba ukuhlolwa, ungakwazi ukumane uhlale ngaphandle kwesitshalo. Kodwa, ngokusho kwabasekeli bakhe, umphumela omuhle uqinisekisiwe.
Imithetho ekhulayo
Ukunikeza utamatisi isivuno esihle, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo lapho utshalwa izithombo:
- kusukela engxenyeni engezansi ye-seedling, kubalulekile ukuqothula amaqabunga, ukumba umhubhe omude ngaphansi kwesihlahla, ubude obufanele bube yingxenye yobude be-stem;
- Emgodini kuyadingeka ukuba uthele uhhafu ibhakede lomanyolo, izingxenye ezimbili zomuthi okhuni kanye no-1 g we-potassium permanganate. Le ngxube iyashukunyiswa kahle, khona-ke ingxenye yesibhakede yamanzi ithululelwa emthonjeni;
- lapho umswakama ubanjwe, kubalulekile ukubeka isigamu esingaphansi se-stem ngokuzungezile, ukuqondisa ingxenye engaphezulu enyakatho;
- Uma kungenayo i-clod ezitshalweni, kubalulekile ukuphothula isigamu sesitshalo kumanyolo obumba, bese uyigcoba ngomhlabathi owomile;
- Emva kwalokho isitshalo siphundu, ungqimba lomhlabathi akufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-5 cm;
- ingxenye engaphezulu ye-seedling ihlanganiswe nezikhonkwane;
- isihlahla siphuziswa ngamanzi (cishe isigamu ibhakede). Kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze umswakama ungangeni emaqabunga.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Naphezu kokuthi le ndlela ivumela izitshalo ukuthi zichithe inani elincane, kodwa ezinye izici zokunakekela utamatisi zikhona.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma, ngisho nelanga elivuthayo alisongeli ukondla izithombo.
Uyazi? Isisindo samatamatisi amakhulu kunawo wonke singama-3.8 kilogram.Kodwa-ke, lapho umhlaba uqala ukuma, abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuhluma kwamaqabunga ambalwa. Kulo mzuzu kubaluleke kakhulu uziqine futhi ungabi namanzi utamatisi. Ungakhathazeki kakhulu ngokubonakala kwesitshalo.
Ububi besamatamatisi buchazwe ngokucacile: isitshalo silwela ukusinda, uhlelo lwempande luzama ukuthola umswakama olahlekile, odla amandla amaningi. Kuyadingeka ukulinda kancane, futhi amahlumela ayobe esehlisiwe futhi avuselelwe futhi. Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, ngeke ukholwe amehlo akho - amaqabunga aqhakazile azobuyela esimweni sabo sangaphambili nombala.
Ngendlela yokuqala yokutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela ukungahlali okuphelele kokungeza umswakama esihlahleni. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathazekile kakhulu ngotamatisi, ngemuva kokuba izithelo ziboshwe ezihlahleni, ungawasebenzisa kanye ngenyanga.
Kodwa ulungele ukuthi izithelo zibe amanzi futhi zilahlekelwe ukunambitheka okuthile. Ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukuchelela kuzokuvumela ukuba ujabulele ama-utamatisi enothile, angasetshenziswa kokubili ukupheka nokuguqula ijusi.
Esikhathini sokushisa
Ukutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa ngaphandle kokuchelela kunezici ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukwakha imibhede ngendlela efanele, ugijime izinyathelo bese uchithula amahlamvu amakhulu phansi kwesithombo. Kunconywa ukuba ufinyelele izithombo nge carbon dioxide izikhathi ezingu-2-3 - ungashisa iphilisi lokushisa ngalokhu.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi ngaphandle kokunisela kungatshalwa kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.Utamatisi ngokukhula kudinga ukukhanyisa okuhle, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba daskhodyvanie kubo: beka isibani ekushiseni okushisa futhi ulinganise ukukhanyisa endaweni yokushisa nsuku zonke ngedivayisi ekhethekile.
Esikhathini esishisayo, kuyadingeka ukuvuselela ukushisa - ngesikhathi sokubhakabhaka, izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule 30 ° C.
Ngokuqondene nokunisela - izincomo lapha zifanayo: uma ufuna utamatisi omnandi, onomhlanhla, ulilahle kuze kube phakade. Ezimweni ezihlukile, ungakwazi ukuphuza izithombo, kodwa emva kokubonakala kwezithelo kuwo.
Utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela: izinzuzo nezindleko zendlela
Uma ukholelwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi bemifino, indlela yokutshala utamatisi ngaphandle kokuchelela ithandwa kakhulu. Sibala izinzuzo zayo:
- izindleko zomsebenzi ezincishisiwe;
- ukonga amanzi okunisela;
- ukunciphisa umswakama, okwenza ukuba izithelo ezingcono zisetshenziswe (uma zikhulile endaweni yokushisa);
- ukwanda kokuqukethwe ushukela utamatisi;
- ukuphika ukutshala kwezifo kubonakala.
Uyazi? Uhlelo olude kunazo zonke lwe-utamatisi luya emhlabathini ngamamitha angu-2.5.Ukubamba iqhaza, singasho ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kuphela kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yale ndlela.
