I-Beech akuyona nje isihlahla esiqhakazile esiqhakazile esinezakhiwo zokuhleleka kwezinkuni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo eziningi ezisebenza ngamandla. Ngisho nemininingwane encane ye-beech ingathuthukisa isimo somuntu nesokomzwelo, sivuselele ukudala, sinike ukuthula kwengqondo nokubekezela. Ukuphakama okubalulekile, ubusha kanye nempilo kwazizwa yibo abazitholela ehlathini le-beech, okungenani uma behlangene nesiqu somuthi omude nesiphilile. Iyini imfihlo yesitshalo esimangalisayo, indlela ebukeka ngayo, lapho ikhula khona, yiziphi izici zayo nokuthi yiziphi izifo ezingayiphulukisa - sizozitshela ngalokhu kanye nezinye izici zohlobo oluzayo emva kwalesi sihloko.
Incazelo
I-Buki (Fagus) yizithunywa zegciwane legama elifanayo futhi zithuthuke ukuphakama kwamamitha amane. Ngaphandle, zibhekwa ngamatshe amancane, ahlanzekile, amakhanda amancane aphezulu kanye namaqabunga aphethwe yi-oblong elliptical shape.
Uyazi? Sekuyisikhathi eside isiko lokuphulukisa izihlahla. Amakholwa amadala athi amandla amabi kufanele anikezwe ama-spruces, futhi amandla amancane kufanele athathwe ku-pine, beech ne-oak.
Isici sesici somuthi indawo yomsuka wayo emhlabathini. Ayinazo izimpawu zenduku, futhi ukukhula kwayo kamuva kuyahlukaniswa ngamagatsha ase-anchor.
Ukuphela okuncane kwezimpande kuvame ukukhuphuka noma igatsha njengebhayisikili emgqeni wecala elifile. Emithini endala, imilenze yemilenze iyakhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke imifula nemifantu ejwayelekile iyimpawu yazo.
Ama-beeches ayabonakala kusuka ebhakeni elibushelelezi elimhlophe nelisiliva kanye ne-trunk eqondile. Isihlahla siphila iminyaka engaba ngu-500, kodwa isikhathi esisebenzayo sokukhula saso sihlala kuphela phakathi nekhulu lokuqala.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, i-trunk iyayeka ukukhuphuka nokuphakama kuphela. Ama-specimens amadala angakhula ububanzi kuze kube ngamamitha owodwa nengxenye nokuningi. Ukwanda konyaka komqhele kusekhona kuze kuphele iminyaka engama-350.
Ezinye izitshalo azikwazi ukukhula ngaphansi kophahla lwalezi zihlahla. Ngokwejwayelekile, ngaphansi kwamagatsha amakhulu kakhulu emahlathini ahlanzekile ehlathini, kutholakala kuphela udoti oshonile.
Uyazi? Ama-dendrotherapists athi ukuthi ukuthuthukisa impilo yomzimba nengokomzwelo, kwanele ukuba ube ne-beech encane nawe. Isibonelo, ubuhlalu noma isongo. Kumnikazi, lokhu akuyona nje umhlobiso, kodwa umthombo wobungqabavu, ubuciko, ukuqonda, ukulingana, kanye nesifo esithile esinamandla.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga amancane, ahluke ngamamentimitha amabili nesigamu ubude futhi ene-spindle yesimo esifanayo, ama-inflorescences avela ema-sinus aphansi. Bahlukaniswe baba ngabesilisa nabesifazane.
Kuqaphela ukuthi owokuqala atholakala kulo lonke ubude bamagatsha, kanti owesibili - kuphela ekupheleni kwawo. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kulo lonke ihlobo, izithelo zivuthwa - i-walnut enamahlathini angama-triang ne-edges ebukhali. Esikhathini imbewu ngokuvamile ba 2 noma 4.
Zijwayele ngezihlahla ezivame kakhulu, izihlahla zezimbali, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, izihlahla zomhlobiso, izitshalo eziwusizo.
Isihlahla sidinga ukushisa okuphansi ebusika ngoba kunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ama-inflorescence wesifazane. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi nezimbali kuyesabeka umswakama ngokweqile nokomile. Ngempela, ezimweni ezinjalo, impova iyakufa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi yemvula, ukuvinjelwa okunamandla okuphuma emahlathini kuhlanzwa. Futhi lokhu kuyathinta impova embi.
Izinhlobo
Ama-botanists avela cishe kwezinhlobo eziyishumi nambili zezinyosi. Cabangela okuthandwa kakhulu.
Funda indlela yokukhulisa umtholo omhlophe, ophuzi, isiliva, i-birch, i-elm, i-smooth, i-hornbeam, i-oak, i-linden, i-alder, umlotha, i-linden, i-velvet, umuthi we-sausage, i-ginkgo biloba, i-gedichiyu, i-pavlovnia, i-catalpa, i-chestnut, i-eucalyptus.
I-European (Fágus sylvática)
Ibizwa nangokuthi ihlathi le-beech. Lo ngummeleli ovame kakhulu emndenini kaBeech, ovame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga, eziphakathi nasempumalanga yeYurophu (Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Greece, France, Spain, Portugal). E-Ukraine, lezi zihlahla zikhula kumaCarpathians, kanye nase-Ivano-Frankivsk, eLviv, eTernopil, eRivne, Khmelnytsky naseVinnitsa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo zaziswa kwizwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Kulezi zifunda, i-beech plantings yenza ama-subzones onke amahlathi, nakuba ngokuvamile isitshalo sihlwanyelwa emasimini ase-botanical, amapaki kanye ne-arboreta.
Abalimi abaningi bayayithanda ekuklanyeleni kwezwe, besebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhethwa kwezinhlobo. Isici se-European beech izinkuni sokhuni lwaso, esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwensimbi, nezithelo ezisetshenziselwa ukudla.
Uyazi? Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwakunesilinganiso sombuso sokwenza izinti ze-ayisikhilimu ngokhuni. UMnyango wezeMpilo we-USSR wathatha isincomo sokubakhipha kuphela kusuka ku-beech. Futhi konke ngoba, njengoba ososayensi bechaza, lolu huni alukho olulinganayo - luxhunyiwe ngokuphelele emzimbeni womuntu.
Izici ezihlukile ze-beech yaseYurophu ziyi-ovate noma ebanzi ukuma kwe-cylindrical yomqhele onamagatsha aphezulu aphezulu nezincane. Indawo yayo esiphezulu ivame ukufika ku-315 m2.
I-Leaf enkulu (i-Fagus grandifolia)
Lezi zihlahla zezimbali zomndeni wakwaBeech ziyaziwa ezindaweni ezimpumalanga eNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Izinga elikhulu lokukhula kwazo lisuka eNova Scotia ngaseSt. Marys River kuze kufike ogwini oluseningizimu yeLake Superior, elihlanganisa amazwe ase-Indiana, eTennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, afike kuze kufike e-Atlantic Ocean. Izindawo ezihlukene ze-beech botany ezikhululekile zihlukanisiwe ensimini yaseLouisana, e-Arkansas naseTexas, kanye nasemadolobheni aseMexico.
Emazweni aseYurophu, lezi zinhlobo zafika kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 njengesiko lokuhlobisa indawo yokulima engadini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhwalithi yokhuni yahlolwa. Lesi sitshalo singatholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, lapho kukhona khona amabalazwe, i-birch ne-linden.
Isici sefomu lamapulangwe amakhulu amancane ahlanganisiwe. Izinso ngayinye zifinyelela ku-2.5 cm ubude. Amahlamvu yi-pubescent ephansi, ifomu le-lanceolate elibanzi. Ubude obude bamaqabunga buyi-6-12 cm, nobubanzi - 3-6 cm.
Isihlahla sibonakala esimangalisayo kunoma yisiphi isizini: entwasahlobo, amaqabunga amancane ashayisa amehlo, ehlobo aguqulwa abe yisikhumba semifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlophe, futhi ekwindla agcwele izibomvu ezibomvu-burgundy.
Kubalulekile! Ukulungele izinhloso zokwelapha, amaqabunga e-beech kanye namagxolo angeke alomiswe ilanga eliqondile. Ngaphansi kweminye imisebe ye-ultraviolet ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali kwezinqubo ezingenakwenzeka ezingenakwenzeka ezingenakwenzeka nezingxenye eziwusizo zibhujiswa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokomisa iyinhlangano ye-attic esebenzayo.
I-Eastern (Fagus orientalis)
Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezigwini zasoLwandle OluMnyama naseCaucasus. Ikhula kancane kancane futhi yandisa ukubekezelelana komthunzi. Yingakho ama-beeches amancane aseMpumalanga ahlinzeka ngokukhula okukhulu ngaphansi kwesihluthulelo sehlathi, kepha uma ekhula kuze kube sesikhulile, amagatsha asondela ngokuqinile, anganiki ithuba lokukhula ngisho nohlaza.
Ngokufanayo, lezi zitshalo zithatha ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izihlathi zaseCaucasus. Bahlakulela kangcono ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kube ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle.
Izibonakaliso ezikhanyayo zalezi zinhlobo ziyihlamvu eligcwele ama-wavy, kanye nokuxosha amahlumela amancane. Izinkuni zinombala omhlophe nombala ophuzi kanye nezakhiwo eziphezulu zomzimba nezomzimba. Ukushiyeka kuphela kwebhodi le-beech kungukumelana nokumpofu okungahambi kahle, okungahambi ngendlela engcono kakhulu ekuthinteni ukuqina kwento.
Ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kuyisibopho ukucubungula izingodo ngezixazululo ezikhethekile ezithuthukisa ukukhuthazela kwayo.
I-Japanese (Fagus japonica)
Lezi zihlahla ze-beech zivame kakhulu eziqhingini zaseJapan zeHonshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, kanye nasePeninsula yaseKorea. Bakhetha izindawo eziphakeme futhi bangakwazi ukuphakama ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kolwandle. Izitshalo zasemakhaya zingabonakala emasimini aseYurophu, kodwa hhayi njalo.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ukwelashwa okwanele okwanele, izithelo ze-beech zingabangela ubuthi, obonakaliswa ukuzwa okungathandeki esiswini, isifo se-malaise esiningi, isisindo sokukhwabanisa, ikhanda, i-gastroenteritis ejulile. Uma kunxila, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze umuthi wamathumbu.
Uhlobo lwesici ku-beech lwesiJapane ukuphakama kwalo okulinganiselwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abalingani, abameleli balezi zilwane abakhulumi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-20 futhi bavame ukuvinjelwa okuningi. Amahlamvu awo ubude afinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-6-8 futhi ahlukaniswe ngesisekelo esisekelwe enhliziyweni, kanye nesisu somswakama ophakathi kwezinwele. Izithelo ze-beech zaseJapane zihlale ziphelile kakhulu.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezitshalo ze-coniferous - i-larch, i-fir, i-thuja, i-pine, i-pseudo-hemlock, i-cypress, i-microbiota, imisedari eyisihlahla, i-Araucaria, i-myriacis ye-foxtail, i-cryptomeria, imisedari, imjunipha.
I-Taiwanese (i-Fagus hayatae)
Kuyinto isihlahla esinomuthi wamamitha angamashumi amabili nesigqoko esihle esihle. Ukusabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuncike eTaiwan. Kodwa ngisho nasezweni lakubo, isiko alitholakali kutholakala emahlathini ahlotshisiwe, njengoba kancane kancane sithandwa yi-beech ekhulayo ekhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kwamaTaiwan cishe akunikezi amahlumela amancane.
I-Gorodchaty (i-Fagus crenata)
Lolu hlobo lwezinyosi luhlukaniswa nokunciphisa kwezintambo zalo, ezifinyelela kumamitha angu-35. Umqhele okhululekile uhloswe ngomqondo, oqukethe amagatsha amancane amancane namagqabi angamamitha ayi-10 ubude.
Funda ngezinkinga zokuphuza ama-apula, amapheya, ama-cherry, ama-walnuts, ama-cherry plums, izihlahla ze-cherry ze-bird, ama-apricot, amapayipi, amakhiwane.I-beeches eboshiwe idume eJapane. Ngoba lilawula amahlathi ahlala emakhaya. Ngenxa yokwanda kwalesi sitshalo, abapheki bendawo bajwayele ukufaka amaqabunga amancane ekudleni kwabo, futhi isiJapane bavame ukwenza ikhofi ku-beech nut.
Uyazi? Ama-beeches athola ukukhanya. Lesi yisiphetho esifinyelelelwa yiqembu labacwaningi abaye bafunda imivimbo esele emithini ngaphandle kokukhazimula ngemva kokuduma okukhulu kwezulu. Ngokwezibalo, yonke imithi engamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye yahlushwa isiteleka somlilo. Izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyingozi kakhulu zivalile i-linden, i-spruce, i-poplar kanye ne-oki.
I-Engler (i-Fagus engleriana)
Umbono ubonakala ngesiqu esiphezulu esingamamitha angu-20 futhi umqhele omkhulu kakhulu ovela esimweni se-oval. Lokhu kungenxa ye-branching eqinile. Lesi sitshalo sihluke kwezinye izinyosi ngendlela yama-oval ehlangene.
Ukubelethwa kubhekwa kungavamile. Itholakala kuphela kwezinye izindawo zeRiphabhuliki Yabantu YaseChina. Izinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe zingabonakala emazweni omhlaba wezinye amazwe.
I-long-petiole (i-Fagus longipetiolata)
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi empilweni yansuku zonke zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iSouth China, ngenxa yendawo yokusabalalisa kwesihlahla. Ngokuvamile, amahlathi abo asehlathini asendle atholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseVietnam, naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina. I-trunk elibushelelezi le-gray beech beech eliphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-25 alikhulumi. Umqhele ohlosiwe uhlale uphansi phezulu. 
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-maple - i-golden-leaved, ebomvu, i-flamingo, i-ash-laaved, isi-Tatar, isi-Japanese, isi-Manchurian, i-Ginnala, isiliva, insimu, eCanada.
Ukukhanya (Fagus lucida)
Lezi zinhlobo, njengeyaphambilini, ziyaziwa kakhulu kwabakhileyo baseChina. Ibuye iphinde ibe ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-25 futhi ibonakala ngomqhele ohle, ohlosiwe ngamantongomane amancane adle. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobo ukucabanga okucacile emagqabeni.
Kubalulekile! I-design landscape design ne beech ihlanganisa ngokuphumelelayo: i-hazel, i-oki, i-birch, i-mountain ash, i-sycamore, i-berry yew, i-fir, i-pine, i-spruce, i-hemlock yaseCanada.
Kuphi okukhulayo
Ukutshala i-Beech sekuyisikhathi eside kuhlalwe iplanethi yethu. Kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-85 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu, lezi zitshalo zahlala ensimini enkulu emazweni amaningi. Ngalezo zinsuku, isici esiyinkimbinkimbi yezinga labo sasidlula eCanada nge-Alaska, eGreenland, eKamchatka nase-Urals. Kodwa kakade sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-62, ama-beeches ahlala eningizimu yaseningizimu ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, ehambisa izimila ezivamile zasemhlabeni.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwe-Ice Age, izihlahla ze-beech zazingeniswa yi-conifers enyakatho ye-Europe. Lokhu kuboniswa izinsalela zezinkuni ezitholakala eScotland.
Namuhla, izitshalo ze-botanist zibiza i-beech kubamele abavame kakhulu bomfula. Kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba: ngisho naseziqhingini, ngisho nasezintabeni, ungabathola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zihlahla zizobe zilawulwa emahlathini axutshwe noma ahlotshisiwe.
Uma ubheka eduze kwemephu yesimanje yezwe, khona-ke ama-beek angakwazi ukunikeza ngokuphephile zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu ezisezingeni eliphansi nezamaxhaphozi eNyakatho Hemisphere. Izihlahla azikhuphuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kwezilwandle, zikhetha izitshalo ezinomsoco ezine-alkaline kanye ne-pH encane, zihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela okukhulu, futhi azidingi.
Kubalulekile! Ochwepheshe bathi inxenye yokuqala yekwindla isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvuna i-beechwood.
Izindawo zokwelapha
Sekuyisikhathi eside isintu senze imithi ye-beech imifino esebenzisa amahlamvu, amagxolo namafutha omuthi omangalisayo kule njongo. Ama-broth, ama-teas, ama-baths, ama-lotions, ama-compresses ayalungiswa kusuka ezintweni zawo zokusetshenziswa.
Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zesiko ziningi kakhulu. I-bioenergy iyayithatha njengomthombo owengeziwe wokuqina, ulwazi nokuthula kwangaphakathi. Impahla ye-beechwood ayihlonishwa kakhulu namuhla.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-beech ineziphumo ezilandelayo zokuphulukisa:
- kutholisa isimiso sezinzwa;
- kusiza ngokulala;
- kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi;
- uphulukisa amanxeba;
- unomphumela we-antiseptic;
- umphumela ozuzisa emaphethelweni emathunjini;
- kuvamile ukuba amazinga kashukela egazini;
- kunciphisa ubuhlungu futhi kunciphisa ukuvuvukala;
- kuthuthukisa ukudla;
- iphakamisa amandla;
- kujwayelekile isibindi;
- ithuthukisa isikhumba, izipikili nezinwele;
- kusiza nge-rheumatism (ukuphunga umzimba ngamafutha we-beech kuboniswa);
- kuthuthukisa izinqubo zamathambo;
- kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-anemia kanye nokuntuleka kwevithamini;
- ihlanza umzimba we-cholesterol, ama-radicals nama-slags amahhala;
- Kuyasiza ngezifo zendlela yokuphefumula engenhla, i-bronchi namaphaphu.
Kubalulekile! Amantongomane ka-Beech afaneleka ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ngendlela yabo eluhlaza akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubangelwa inani elikhulu lama-alkaloid enobuthi aphethwe ngesikhathi sokudoba.
Ividiyo: ama-beech nut
Isicelo
I-Beech ibaluleka emndenini hhayi kuphela njenge-amulet yamandla kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwelapha. Izinhlobo eziningi ezilinywa zalolu hlobo ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu ekulimeni kwendawo yokulima. Kule ndlela yokuhlobisa, izihlahla zingatholakala endaweni yokukhiqiza eyodwa neqembu. Ngokuvame kakhulu, bafaka izingxenye eziluhlaza eziqhingini ezihlathini emahlathini, futhi nazo ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokudala izindonga.
Emazweni amaningi, i-resort ebaluleke kunazo zonke-inzuzo ye-esesthetic inikezwa emahlathini e-beech. Njengomthetho, kulezi zindawo zokuzijabulisa ukuthi izindawo zokuzijabulisa ezihloniphekile zezingane nabantu abadala zikhona.
I-Beech ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezingodo, thola ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo okufanele uzinake lapho ubeka uhla lwamahlombe, amahlathi akhula ngokushesha, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani inqwaba.Abantu bezemvelo bayagcizelela indima yezinyosi ekuhlanjululweni komoya kanye nokuvikelwa kwenhlabathi ekukhusweni komhlabathi, isimo sezulu. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-beech plantings ifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwamanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi.
Ngezindleko zokubuyiswa okufanayo kwendawo yokugcina yemvelo ngezulu lokungena kwemvelo kunikezwa futhi ukuvinjelwa kwabo kuvinjelwe. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi emahlathini anjalo akukho ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi enkulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izimpande zemithi zihlanganisa izinto ezandisa ukwanda kwezinsimu.
Izihlahla ezindala ziqoshwe ngezinkuni ezibalulekile. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-joinery, ekwenzeni ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo (ama-guitar, ama-violin), i-parquet, izingxenye zokudonsa, imishini yokulinganisa, izibhamu zezingqimba, ukupakisha ngokhuni.
Uyazi? Ababheki be-English basebenzisa izinkuni ze-beech ngisho nokwenza isiphuzo sabo se-Budweiser abathandayo, beza izinkuni zezinkuni ngenkathi bepheka..Izimpawu zezibonakaliso ze-beechwood ziyi:
- ukulingana okubomvu noma okuphuzi okubomvu, okuyinto ekugcineni kuphenduke ibe mnyama;
- ukuxhuma;
- Ukwanelisa umswakama okwanelisayo;
- ukuhlupheka;
- ukuqhuma ukuthutha emanzini aphakeme;
- lula ukucubungula nokupholisa;
- ukwehluleka kwezimo zokusebenza emoyeni ovulekile.
Из дерева можно сделать стеллаж, стол, кресло-качалку, бочку, забор, теплицу, дорожку из спилов, беседку.
Izihlahla ze-Beech zitholile ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekuphekeni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-acetic acid yenziwe ngamapulangwe ayo, futhi amantongomane asetshenziselwa ama-dessert nama-pastries. Futhi, le nto eluhlaza iyisisekelo senqubo yokuthola i-tar, i-methyl utshwala namafutha e-creosote.
Qaphela ukuthi, ngokusekelwe kobuningi be-vitamin kanye nezamaminerali ezithelo ze-beech, ezindaweni lapho kuningi lezi zihlahla, abantu basekhaya bapheka ama-pancake, ama-pancake nokuphuza okuvela kufulawa we-nut. Futhi ezifundeni zaseCaucasus naseCarpathian, lesi sithako sisetshenziselwa yonke imikhiqizo yokubhaka.
Kusuka ezintweni ze-beech bathola amafutha ayigugu kakhulu, okusetshenziselwa kabanzi ngezinjongo zokudla (ekunambeni kwawo akukubi kakhulu kuneProvençal), kanye nase-cosmetology. Yengezwa kumaski ahlukene njengesithako somsoco wezinwele, ubuso nesikhumba. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, amafutha e-beech wezinhlobo zobuchwepheshe asetshenziselwa ukondla imfuyo kanye nekhofi.
I-Chariks (beech nati) yenza izinto zokusetshenziswa zamafutha we-beech
Kubalulekile! Ukwelashwa kwe-Beech kuqiniswa ngokuphambene nabantu abavame ukusabela okweqile, kanye nokubekezelelana ngabanye izingxenye. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukusebenzisa isilingo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinto zokutshala zezitshalo zokudla noma izimonyo. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa nje inani elincane lomuthi endaweni enesikhumba esibucayi..
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-beech ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu emithi yokwelapha. Kusukela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, imithi yonke jikelele itiye evamile, eyenziwe kusuka isipuni semifino eyomile, echotshoziwe kanye nengilazi yamanzi abilayo. Ngosuku lwesiphuzo esinjalo kuboniswa ku-1 litre.
Futhi kulabo abathanda ukuhamba kwehlathi, izilwane eziphilayo ziyalulekwa ukuba zithole umuthi omncane futhi oqinile, uncike emuva futhi ngokwengqondo "uhlangane" nawo ube yinto eyodwa. Imikhuba enjalo inika icala lamandla nempilo.
Ukuzala
I-Buki ibhekwa njengezitshalo ezibekezelayo nezibekezelayo ezivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo. Ngakho-ke, kulula futhi ngokushesha ukuphindaphinda. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nqubo ivame ukuqhutshwa yindlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu, futhi futhi ngosizo lwamahlumela okumpande, okuyinto ekhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile amahlumela amancane.
Kodwa kunezinye izindlela zokuthola isithombo sembewu encane. Cabanga ngabo ngokuningiliziwe:
- Cuttings. Ukuhluka okuvame ukwenziwa ngabalimi ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshalwayo. Ngalesi sizathu, ukutshala izinto ezinamamitha angu-12 ubude bunqunywa kumagatsha amancane aqinile. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebise ukubamba izikhawu okwesikhashana kwisisombululo sokwanda okukhula ("Kornevin", "Emistim") ngaphambi kokutshala. Futhi emva kwalokho, yitshale ngendlela yendabuko enhlabathini e-loamy namanzi kahle. Ukuze kukhule kangcono uhlelo lwempande, kungcono ukumboza isitshalo ngefilimu ukuze i-microclimate yokushisa ifake ngaphansi kwayo.
- Ukugonywa. Le ndlela yenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Iqaphela ngendlela yendabuko: esitokisini esihlukanisiwe, isiqu esilungisiwe sigxiliwe ngosizo lwe-tape kagesi, i-polyethylene noma ezinye izinto. Yilungele ukuthi ukugoma kungase kungabi namsebenzi. Njenge-stock, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezifanele zemifula yasendle. Lapho amahlumela we-graft ethatha izimpande, intaba ingasuswa.
- Amathinta. Kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo somama sikhipha amahlumela amancane emagatsheni asempande. Kubalulekile ukubanika ithuba lokuba namandla futhi basebenzise ubusika okungenani kanye. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukusika insimu encane esitshalweni esivuthiwe.
- Indlela yembewu. Abalimi abaningi nabalimi be-amateur bavame ukucabanga ukuthi le ndlela engaphezu kwamanye ibonisa imiphumela yomzamo. Kodwa ubunzima bayo obuyinhloko bukhona ekuqoqweni kwezinto zokutshala. Uma le nqubo iphumelela, imbewu kumele ikhunjulwe ngaphambi kokutshala kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahlwanyelwa ngendlela evamile esitsheni esisodwa bese bahluma ezindaweni ezigumbini kuze kube sekufudumele. Ngaleso sikhathi kuphela izitshalo ezingasetshenziswa ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Zijwayele ngezici zokuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganiswa, ukusika izihlahla, ukunikeza izihlahla.
Ukunakekela
Zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi zizwela ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nomhlabathi wobulunga. Ukutshala kungcono ukhethe izindawo zendawo ephethe izingxenye ze-calcareous. Uma engekho, kuzodingeka usebenze ukushayela.
Entwasahlobo, kuyisifiso sokwengeza umanyolo obunzima obunamaminerali esizeni, okuzokwenza ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yokuqala 3 emva kokufika, cishe ayikhuli.
Imithi ibukeka kahle ekuhlanzeni imvelo kanye nokwakhiwa komqhele. Basabela ngokuthula emthunzini naselangeni elivuthayo, kodwa ababekezeleli imimoya yasenyakatho, imidwebo, ukushisa kwamanzi okugcina isikhathi eside nesomiso.
Ama-beeches akhetha umoya ofudumele nanjengokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhula emasimini ekhaya, izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokulimala kwenhlabathi. Futhi phakathi kwezinqubo ezibalulekile ekunakekelweni ukukhishwa kwansuku zonke kwamagatsha amadala, efriziwe noma alahlekile.
Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokutshala, izithombo ezigxiliwe zidinga ukupompela kwe-prophylactic ezinambuzane eziyingozi kanye nezifo eziphilayo. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukukhulula inhlabathi kumbuthano bese ususa ukhula. Ukuze ugcine umswakama emhlabathini isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ungawuthambisa ngotshani.
Uyazi? Ama-yogis aseNdiya akholelwa ukuthi ama-beeches ngaphezu kwawo wonke amithi athola amandla avela esikhala futhi, lapho engena endaweni yokuhlala, ahlale ehlanganyela nabalimi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Naphezu kokulindeleka kokuphila kwezinyosi zeminyaka emihlanu, banomthelela kakhulu ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifike ngesikhathi zizosiza kuphela izithombo ezincane.
Kuzo zonke izithunywa zezilwane, eyingozi kunazo zonke zezinyosi yizi:
- i-beech shuttle;
- isibungu esinombala obomvu;
- i-butterfly moths;
- ibusi lasebusika;
- ihlutshiwe i-orange ne-yellow-gray;
- ukudubula;
- amaqabunga amaqabunga;
- isethi yokwakha i-beech;
- i-goldtails;
- i-beech streptocipital moth;
- izinambuzane ezinambuzane;
- vilohvost;
- imvukuzane enezinhlanzi;
- borer odorous;
- ibhere elivamile;
- i-barbel yokusanhlamvu;
- I-Oak emagxolo amancane;
- izinyosi ze-beetle;
- i-aphid;
- i-pincers;
- izimpethu;
- Ama-Gauls;
- amabhu;
- beech bark amabhungane.
Funda indlela yokusika umuthi, ukubhubhisa umuthi ngaphandle kokuwunquma, ukuhlobisa isitshalo, indlela yokuqothula iziqu.Ukuhlaselwa kwalezi zinambuzane kuboniswa amaqabunga asontekile angenampilo, amagatsha abunayo, kanye nomonakalo we-intra-trunk. Kuyisici ukuthi abaningi abahlaselwa izidumbu baqala ukuvuselelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bedla amaqabunga amancane, ama-stem amancane. Abanye bakhetha ukudla izithelo ezivuthiwe.
Uma kungenakwenziwa lutho, isikhathi eside sehlathi elinamandla siyoshabalala. Ochwepheshe bacebisa izinambuzane ezinambuzane ezibanzi njengezidakamizwa zokwelapha nezokubulala. Lezi zihlanganisa: Aktar, Aktellik, Provado, Calypso, Decis nabanye.
Uyazi? Isiphetho sikaJoan of Arc sadlalwa yi-beech, okuthiwa yi "fairy tree" eLorraine. Ngakho-ke awaziwa ukuthi leli gama lavelaphi (mhlawumbe lixhunyaniswa nemikhuba yamaCelt asezindaweni zasendulo), kodwa abakubo bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi i-beater-beater eseduze yayinezindawo zokuphulukisa, amanzi alo asuswa emkhunjini futhi aphatha abagulayo. Amandla okuphulukisa ngemilingo ayebhekiswe emthini. Abapilishi babevame ukuhlangana kuleli kona elimnandi, behlupha abefundisi bendawo ngokudansa nokucula. UJeanne wayephakathi kwabo. Futhi ekumangalelwa kwakhe okusemthethweni kwakusho ukuthi "ukukhonza izithombe" kwe-fairy tree ".Ngaphandle kokugaya kanye nokuncelisa izinkinga, i-beech isongelwa yi-fungi pathogenic. Izazi ze-biologists zinezinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla ziyi:
- i-powdery isikhutha (okuholela ekusomeni kwamahlamvu kakade engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo);
- ukubola kwempande (izitshalo ezincane zisengozini);
- ukuqhuma (kuholela ku-necrosis yezinkuni, izilonda kanye nama-putrid formations);
- isifo sofuba;
- i-necrosis engeyona-sodium (lapho ingxenye ye-trunk ne-cortex ithintekile);
- i-chaga;
- umdlavuza we-frost (kwenzeka ezindaweni zokulimala kwe-crust by frosts ezinzima);
- isikhunta esiluhlaza (izigameko zamantongomane namahlumela amancane).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwe-scaly kwakha ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesitshalo. Ukugcina izihlahla ezinkingeni ezinjalo kuzosiza ama-fungicides: "Allett", "Skor", "Coronett", "Antrakol", "Previkur", "Maxim".
Khumbula ukuthi i-beeches ayikwazi ukukhula ngaphansi kwethonya lomusi, ikhishwa amagesi. Lezi zici zinomthelela omubi esitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma lesi sifo sinesimo esibucayi, izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zihlupheka, futhi ezingapheli, yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile iyafa kancane kancane.
Uyazi? Kufika ku-300 kilogram yamantongomane kungavuna kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa lehlathi le-beech ngonyaka okhiqizayo..
Ukulondoloza
Njengoba kunikezwa izinzuzo eziwusizo zezihlahla ze-beech, amaqabunga namahlamvu azoba usizo njengempahla eluhlaza yezokwelapha epulazini, njengezinkuni ezivuthiwe njengezinkuni, namantongomane avuthiwe njengedliva elihlwabusayo.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe abavela emkhakheni we-dendrotherapy, ukuvuna amahlamvu kungenziwa kulo lonke ihlobo. Kungcono ukuqoqa amagxolo ekwindla. Okufanayo kusebenza ezitshalweni, ngoba ngefomu elingafakiwe lingabonakali futhi ngeke ligcinwe isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuvuna iqala ngoSeptemba, lapho izithelo ziwela phansi, futhi zingadlula kuze kuDisemba.
Emva kokuvuna isitshalo kumele kuqhutshwe inqubo yokwamukela nokomisa. Khona-ke ingabe ingahlungwa zibe izikhwama zokugcina. Kubalulekile ukuthi umswakama esitokisini awudluli amaphesenti angu-60-65. Ngendlela, kungcono ukubeka amaphakethe empahla emapulangwe, hhayi phansi.
Izinkuni ze-Beech zingcono kakhulu ezivunwa kusukela ekhuni elidala elifile.
Uyazi? AmaGibhithe lasendulo ayelokhu esebenzisa izintuthwane ezenziwe ngamapulangwe ezungeze izintamo zawo ukuze azivikele engozini nasengozini. Ukubi okubi kwakubhekwa ukulahlekelwa yendaba enjalo. Lokhu kwakubhekwa njengesifo esingenakugwemeka noma ukufa komnikazi wangaphambili..
Manje uyazi ukuthi yikuphi okwehlukile kwala mahlathi ama-livers amaningi nokuthi kungani yonke indlu kufanele ibe nenani elincane le-beech. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lezi zihlahla zihlonishwa yizazi njengengqikithi yamandla ephuzayo, okwenza umzimba wakho ube yinqaba enamandla, kanti i-cloister ibe isiphephelo sokuthula. Thatha izipho zakhe ezivulekile ezivela emvelo ngaphandle kokulimaza, futhi inhlalakahle iyobusa ekhaya lakho.
