I-Koleria - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe nezinhlobonhlobo

I-Koleria (Kohleria) - isitshalo esinotshani bomndeni wamaGesneriaceae enamaqabunga e-pubescent ahlelwe ngokweqile nama-inflorescence ama-axillary owodwa anezimbali ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.

Le ikhophi lokuhlobisa elingaphakathi elinebala elingaphezulu kwama-30-50 cm, elibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuhlala isikhathi eside, ama-shades ahlukahlukene ama-inflorescence nombala wokuqala wamaqabunga.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iKoleria inyakatho nentshonalanga yeSouth America, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zayo ezingama-60 okwamanje ziyaziwa. Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo sinesilinganiso sokukhula esibuthakathaka, kepha sithokozela ubuhle iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, ngemuva kwalokho imibala idinga ukuvuselelwa. Ngakho-ke, imbali ihlala isikhathi eside futhi ibhekwa njengengapheli.

Qiniseka ukuthi unaka izitshalo ezinhle ezifana ne-nematanthus ne-smitiant.

Izici eziwusizo zemibala

I-Koleria iyimbali ephephile, engenabo ubuthi futhi engenangqondo ngokuphelele, ekwazi ukuhlanza umoya wokungcola, iminonjana yentuthu, uthuli nezakhi ezinobuthi. Lesi sitshalo sigcwalisa indawo ezungezile ne-oksijini, i-ionize futhi ihlaziye umoya.

Ngakho-ke, kungabhekwa njengenketho ekahle yokubekwa enkulisa, egumbini lokulala, ekhishini.

Koleria: izimpawu

Ngaphezu kwezimfanelo eziwusizo, ama-kolerii athi ikhono eliyimfihlakalo lokuvikela indlu kanye nabakhileyo kuyo ekuhlakanipheni okubi, imicabango emibi nokunye ukunganaki komhlaba.

Futhi, imbali ithathwa njengesitshalo esinikelayo esinamandla esingagcwele amandla amahle, sinike amandla, sithuthukise isimo sokomoya somuntu. Kunoma yikuphi, ukubukeka kwembali kuphela kuthwala imizwa enhle nomuzwa wokududuzeka.

IColeria: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Kafushane

IKoleria ekhaya iyisitshalo esingenakukholwa kangangokuba siyojabulisa noma yimuphi umhlakuleli wohlalu. Ama-nuances aphambili ekunakekelweni kwezimbali:

Nakekela umbala ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Qhakaza

I-Koleria iqhuma kakhulu ngokunethezeka futhi isikhathi eside. - kuze kuhlwe sekwephuzile. Igama lesibili lembali - "Insimbi yaseColombia" ichazwa ngokuphelele ngokubonakala kwama-inflorescences ngesimo samashubhu amade anama-petals amahlanu emaphethelweni. Ngaphezu kombala ocebile kusuka ku-fuchsia egcwele ukugcwala i-lilac, izimbali zohlu lwemibala "zihlotshisiwe" ngamabala amancane noma imivimbo. Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid zingaba nomthunzi omuhle kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ihlosi noma umbala wegolide.

I-Koleriya ilungele ukukhula kwe-ampel, ibukeka kahle ekulenga izimbali nezimbali zezimbali. Ukuze kube nokuqhakaza kahle kwezimbali, kwanele ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ngokukhanya okuningi okujwayelekile neziqukathi zezimbali eziqinile.

Imodi yokushisa

I-koleriya yasekhaya iyimbali e-thermophilic ekhula ngokuphepha ezimweni zegumbi elijwayelekile emazingeni okushisa angama-23-25 ​​ºС. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, lesi sitshalo siya ebusika ngo-15 ºº. Kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo ezikhipha isigaba sokuphumula futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nasebusika, zigcina izimo ezijwayelekile zokuboshwa.

Ukufafaza

I-Koleria idinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha ayikubekezeleli umswakama onamaqabunga noma izimbali. Lokho wukuthi, ukufafaza akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu yokunakekela isitshalo.

Ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi edingekayo yomswakama egumbini elinombala, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa ama-humidifiers ekamelo elikhethekile. Noma fafaza ebhodleleni lokufafaza isikhala esiseduze nalembali.

Isibani

Isitshalo se-koleria ekhaya sikhetha amakhona akhanyiswe kahle, amafasitela aseningizimu anama-shading amancane noma ama-loggias akhanyisiwe. Lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi, kepha kufanele sivikelwe ekushayweni yimisebe ebabayo. Ebusika, imbali idinga ukukhanyiselwa okwengeziwe ngamalambu okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngosuku.

Ukunisela isikimu sombala

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kuvame ukuhlelelwa isitshalo, kodwa kuphela uma ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lome kancane. Ukubeka amanzi ngokuqinile futhi kulimaza imbali, njengoba kunjalo nokuntuleka komswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukunisela isikimu sombala ngokucophelela, ukugwema ukungangeni kwamanzi esitshalweni uqobo.

Njengoba kungenye indlela yokunisela yakudala - ungafaka humidization ngepani, kanye nokukhululwa kwenhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube okungenani, kuphela ukumanzisa isigaxa sobumba ezimpandeni.

Imbiza ngombala

Abatshali bezimbali abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukukhetha iziqukathi ezingabanzi ezingabanzi ngamasentimitha angama-20-25 ukukhulisa ikoloni. Ngokuvamile, ukuba embizeni ebanzi kakhulu kuyisizathu sokuntuleka kwezimbali kulesi sitshalo, ngoba imbali ikhulisa uhlelo lwezimpande kuphela esitsheni esikhulu.

Ngemibala emincane kakhulu, amabhodwe enobubanzi be-6 cm anele.

Inhlabathi

Imbali idinga umhlabathi omncane one-acidic, okuvulekile, onomsoco omncane. Uma uthatha isigatshana sokuzilungiselela sakho, khona-ke singaba nezinto ezilandelayo:

• inhlabathi eshidi (izingxenye ezi-2)
• isihlabathi esiqhekekile (1 ingxenye)
• i-peat (1 ingxenye)
• i-humus (1 ingxenye)

Inhlabathi ye-Universal ye-senpolia ne-gloxinia nayo ilungele uhlelo lombala. Isidingo kungukudonswa kwamanzi okuyi-substrate.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

I-Koleria ekhaya idinga ukondliwa okuhlelekile, okuqala ngo-Ephreli - isikhathi sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo, nokuphela phakathi ekwindla. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa umanyolo owuketshezi, oqukethe inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, elinomthelela ekuqhakazeni kwezihlahla okugcwele.

Futhi kufanelekile izithasiselo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezenzelwe ama-orchid nama-violets. Yonke imikhiqizo ihlanjululwe engxenyeni yengxenye yalokho kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji.

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakelwa kombala kwenziwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ekupheleni kwesigaba esishisayo. Ukuqala inqubo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi sokuqothula, kuyiphutha elikhulu, ngoba kulokhu imbali izomane yehlise amaqanda futhi ukuqhakaza ngeke kwenzeke.

Kunconywa ukufakelwa ngendlela yokudluliselwa ngomshini, ngaphandle kokusikaza ama-rhizomes futhi, uma kungenzeka, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isigaxa sobumba.

Izihlahla

I-Koleria imbali yendawo yonke ebukeka kahle ngokulinganayo ngesimo sesihlahla nangendlela yesitshalo se-ampel. Ungasinikeza ukubukeka okudingayo ngosizo lokuthena okujwayelekile, okungagcini nje ngokwenza umqhele wezimbali, kodwa futhi kusenze kabusha. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala imibala:

• ebanjwe entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula;
• amahlumela owonakalisiwe noma omisiwe asuswa ngethuluzi eliyinyumba;
• lapho akha ukwakheka kwembali eqondile, wonke amagatsha afinyelele kubude obuyi-20-30 cm ancishiswa cishe ingxenye yesithathu;
• ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha we-lateral futhi, ngokufanelekile, ukwakheka kwenamba enkulu yama-buds, kunconywa ukufinyeza wonke amathiphu we amahlumela.

Ukuthenwa ngesikhathi kuzothuthukisa inani lama-inflorescence, kunikeze imbali ukubukeka kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ngabe lesi silinganiso singafakwa eceleni - amagatsha esitshalo ahamba kabi, kuzoba nezindebe ezimbali ezimbalwa.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Ukunakekela umbala ekhaya kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlinzeka imbali isikhathi esimanzi - isikhathi lapho isitshalo siyeka ukukhula, silahle amahlamvu ukuze kubuyiswe amandla kumjikelezo olandelayo wokukhula. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, amanye ama-coleries ebusika anamaqabunga, aqhakaza futhi adinga ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, kepha kukhona labo abadinga ukuthula okuphelele - ukuntuleka kokugqoka okuphezulu, umswakama onqabile womhlabathi.

Uma i-turgor yamaqabunga ishintsha ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ukomisa kuqala - isitshalo esinjalo sidinga ukuphumula. Zonke izindawo ezinamatshe zisuswe ngokuphelele, isihlahla sibekwa endaweni epholile, ekhanyisiwe ngokulinganisela, futhi kuze kube uJanuwari, ukuyinakekela kufaka kuphela ukuthambisa okuncane kokhilimu wobumba.

Ukukhula koleriy kusuka imbewu

Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi lapho isatshalaliswa ngembewu, imbali kaningi ayigcini izici zayo zokuhlukahluka. Kunconywa ukutshala i-koleriya ngoFebhuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ethangini elibanzi eliphansi elinenhlabathi ekhethekile ye-gesneriaceae, imbewu yezimbali isatshalaliswa ngaphandle kokutshala.

Ngemuva kwalokho, izilimo zimbozwa nge-polyethylene noma isipikili sengilazi, zifakwa endaweni efudumele futhi ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, kukhanya nsuku zonke. Lapho kukhona amaqabunga ambalwa avuthiwe - isitshalo sitshalwe emabhodweni ahlukene nobubanzi obungu-6-7 cm. Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesihlahla, isithombo kufanele sigoqele iziqongo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamahlumela akamuva.

Ukusakazeka kombala ngemisiko

Inketho elula futhi esheshayo yokuzalanisa i-kolerii ukuzalwa kabusha ngamahlumela apical. Kuze kube manje, iziqongo ezisikiwe zesihlahla ziphathwa ngezivuseleli futhi zibekwe enhlabathini ekhethekile, noma ingxube ye-peat-sand engaba ngu-2 cm. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, izimpande zokuqala ziyavela, kuthi emva kwenyanga kube yisitshalo esigcwele uhlelo olunezimpande ezithuthukisiwe.

Njengoba i- "Colombian bell" ibonakala ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokwakheka kwezimpande, imbali nayo isuka izimpande zamanzi ngempumelelo.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kombala ngeqabunga

Amaqabunga imbali, kanye nokusika, angasetshenziselwa ukubamba imbala enhlabathini noma emanzini. Esimweni sokuqala, iqabunga libekwa ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa ngesiqalo esimanzi se-peat-sand futhi kungakapheli inyanga ungalinda izinqubo zokuqala zohlelo lwezimpande ezivelayo. Engqulweni yesibili, ishidi libekwa esitsheni esinamanzi avikelwe ezithambile aqonde ku-2 cm. Ukusheshisa inqubo, kunoma yikuphi, noma yiziphi iziqobelelo zokwakhiwa kwezimpande zingasetshenziswa.

Ukusakazeka kombala ngokuhlukaniswa kwekhisi

Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezimbali Ungazama ukukusakaza ngokuhlukanisa izimpande - ama-rhizomes. I-rhizome yesitshalo esidala esidala esifanelekile kulokhu, ngoba inamahlumela amaningi, ama-node, ukukhula kwe-scaly, okwazi ukunikeza izithombo ezigcwele ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa.

Ukwehlukanisa i-rhizome ezingxenyeni eziningana, ngasinye sazo sifafazwa ngamalahle futhi sivunyelwe ukoma. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpande zitshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile bese ziniselwa njalo. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza kabusha ikuvumela ukuba uthole isitshalo esinamandla, esinamasheya, esinezimbali eziningi, esingathandeki ukwelulwa.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izinkinga eziyinhloko abatshali bezimbali ababhekana nazo lapho kukhula i-koleriy:

• umbala awuqhakaza embizeni ebanzi kakhulu, kanye nokuswela ukukhanya;
• amabala amnyama emaqabunga kuzovela lapho kuthambisa ngamanzi alukhuni noma abandayo;
• amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi noma aphuzi imibala ngenxa yokukhanya okungekuhle, okubhalwe njalo;
• amaqabunga e-koleriya asontekile emakamelweni anomswakama ophansi;
• abuna amaqabunga ngokubukeka kwezindawo eziwohlokayo ohlelweni lwezimpande, lokhu futhi kungaba wuphawu lokuthi isitshalo sidinga isikhathi sokuwa;
• amabala akhanyayo ngamaqabunga (i-powdery isikhutha) - isifo fungal esivame ukuvela ezimeni zomswakama ophezulu noma ngokweqile kumanyolo we-nitrogenous;
• i-gray plaque emacembe (i-oidium) kubangela isikhunta esisakazeka esihlahleni ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubukhali kokushisa nomswakama;
• koleriya uvame ukulahla efihlekile ngenxa yokungeqiwa kwe-calcium;
• amahlumela angenalutho koleriya ngenxa yokuntuleka okukhulu kokukhanya kwelanga;
• ikhula kancane, ihlumela liwe ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini;
• amaqabunga wombala aphuzi uma imbali ivame ukungaphansi kwemisebe yelanga elihangayo, noma kukhona indawo lapho okuzoba khona umanyolo womanyolo.

Izinambuzane zale koloni zingama-aphid, ama-mealybugs kanye nezibungu zesicabucabu.

Izinhlobo zemibala yasekhaya enezithombe namagama

I-Koleria iyimbali engathandeki kakhulu ezinkulisa zethu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zivamile ku-floriculture yasendlini:

I-Colera imnandi (lat.Kohleria amabilis)

Imbali iboniswa ngamahlamvu ansundu-aluhlaza okotshani nge-silvery villi, ihluma ngama-40 cm ubude, amacembe amabala awo wonke ama-rose apinki.

Kohleria Lindena (lat. Kohleria lindeniana)

Uhlobo oluhlanganiswe kahle lwesitshalo olunobude obungu-20 kuya ku-30 ​​cm, olunamahlamvu anemibala emibili nemithambo ehlukile, izimbali ezinkulu ze-lilac ezifika ku-6 cm ubukhulu.

I-kluriya-flowered koleriya (lat.Kohleria eriantha)

Inamaqabunga ajulile aluhlaza okotshani obomvu onsundu, owolintshi noma onsomi amahlumela abheke phansi.

Ikholoni lezinwele (lat.Kohleria hirsuta)

Ihlukaniswa yinqwaba yomthunzi onsomi eduze kwamahlamvu, kanye nezimbali ezibomvu ezinomngcele ophuzi emaphethelweni aphakeme.

Kohleria bogotensis

Isitshalo esidala kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-coleries asisondele ku-60 cm, ngama-pubescence amhlophe abomvu-amhlophe amahlumela, ama-inflorescence a-single-noma ama-axillary red-orange a-single noma aphindwe kathathu nge-pharynx ophuzi.