Hoya: nakekela efulethini kanye nezeluleko

I-Hoya ingumvini ohlala ukhanya, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-wax ivy. Ungowomndeni wakwaKutrov.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyinhloko zikhula eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, eChina naseNdiya. Izinhlobo eziningana ze-hoya zingatholakala eziqhingini eziphakathi kwePacific ne-Indian Ocean.

Incazelo

U-Hoya uphakathi kwezimbali ze-epiphytes, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga izihlahla ezinkulu noma izihlahla ukusekela.

I-wax ye-ivy inezimbali ezimhlophe noma eziphinki ezipinki ngesimo sezinkanyezi, ububanzi bazo bubalelwa ku-15 mm, kanti inani ku-inflorescence yizicucu ezi-15-20.

Amaqabunga aluhlaza ngombala omnyama ngombala, asontekile ngendlela yama-curls futhi akhiwe ngokuqinile kwinqubo yokwehla. Ngobude, bafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-5, ububanzi - amasentimitha ayi-7 - 7. I-Foliage inejusi, igcwele futhi inamahlwili, yilesi sici esiholele ekutheni i-wax ivy ibekwe njengeqembu le-anculents.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ze-hoya, kepha kuphela ezinye zazo ezingatshalwa ezindlini.

Buka	Incazelo
Kaudata	Yakha insimu yeThailand neMalaysia. Imbali yaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1883. Inamacembe ama-ovoid aminyene, isisekelo esisethwe ngenhliziyo. I-Spotting yemibala ehlukene ikhona - kusuka ku-pinkish kuya ku-green color ngombala. Ingxenye engezansi ibomvu, engenhla ine-silvery Splash. Izimbali zincanyana, azinaphunga, umbala umhlophe futhi ubomvu.
I-Splash yesiliva	Izimbambo ezinamaqabunga ziwugqinsi, ziqukethe i-fluff obukhulu, eqhubeka nokuncipha njengoba imbali ikhula. Ama-buds amhlophe futhi abomvu. Amaqabunga we-hue elibomvu.
UDavid Cumming	Uhlobo olungandile lwe-wax ivy. Ihluke kwezinye izimbali ze-salmon-pink ezinendawo egqamile esentabeni. Kusihlwa kukhipha iphunga elimnandi le-caramel. I-foliage lanceolate, imithambo isingahlukaniseki kalula.
ICalistophyll	Amacembe abanzi, anemithambo eluhlaza emnyama. Izimbali ziphuzi njengo-milky ophuzi, kusuka kwabangu-18 kuye kwabangu-20 abakhona ngesambulela. Ikhiqiza iphunga elingajabulisi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.
Imperiis	Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-wax ivy. Indawo yokuhlala iyindawo enhlonhlo yaseMalacca. Izimbali zinombala obomvu omnyama, isikhungo simhlophe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kukhipha iphunga elimnandi.
Locky	Isitshalo se-Vietnam. Ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, iyakwazi unyaka wonke ukujabulisa ngezimbali zombala we-pearl-pearl. Iphunga le-ivy likhumbuza ushokoledi futhi liyanda kusihlwa.
I-Lacunose (ukhonkolo)	Amaqabunga aluhlaza okomnyama, ngendlela yesigqi, imiphetho igobile, ukuze kutholakale umgodi, onikeze igama lezinhlobonhlobo. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ezingcezu eziyi-15-20, ezimhlophe velvety ngomqhele ophuzi phakathi.
Shepherdie	Izimbali zombala opinki ophuzi ngama-corollas athambisiwe. Amahlamvu amade futhi mancane, anokwakheka kwesikebhe, maphakathi kwawo kukhona ithambo eliluhlaza elikhanyayo.
I-Karnosa (enamanzi)	Liana, okufinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-6. Amaqabunga mancane, ayi-oval, kodwa kunalokho aminyene, ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy. Uluhlaza omnyama onemivimbo yesiliva. Izimbali zinamakha, zipinki futhi zimhlophe.
Umuhle (uBella)	Amahlumela kaBella ahlala elenga phansi, futhi isihlahla ngokwaso sinamagatsha ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo kuthiwa sikhulu. Amaqabunga mancane, anesimo se-ovoid-lanceolate, esiluhlaza ngombala. Ama-buds amhlophe, ama-inflorescence ama-7-9 amaphakathi akhona.

Ukukhula Kwendlu Hoya

Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwalembali akubangeli bunzima, ngoba i-liana ayidingi ngisho nokufakelwa konyaka. Njengomthetho, njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu kwanele ukushintsha ibhodwe.

Ukukhetha kwebhodwe, inhlabathi, ukufakelwa

I-Hoya ilungele ukukhula ngendlela ye-ampel, ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isitsha se-wax ivy, kufanelekile ukunikela ukukhetha ebhodweni le-cache.

Umhlabathi wesitshalo ungaba izinhlobo ezimbili:

i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, i-humus nenhlabathi ye-sod kuxutshwe, konke kuthathwa ngokulinganayo;
inhlabathi evundayo, umhlaba ovela endaweni ebamba ukushisa kanye ne-humus ihlanganiswe, isilinganiso: izingxenye ezimbili ze-loam nengxenye eyodwa yezinye izakhi.

Udinga ukufakela isitshalo ngokuya ngaleli cebo:

Ungqimba lobumba olwandisiwe kanye namatshe amatshe angama-40-50 mm obukhulu kuthululelwa ezansi ebhodweni. Ingxube embozwe isigaxa esisha, esigcwaliswa cishe ¼ wevodweni.
Uma kunesidingo, faka ukusekelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunconywa ukwenqaba izinti ze-bamboo, ngoba zivame ukuhlukana ngenxa yobunzima besitshalo.
UHoya uyaniselwa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 kukhishwe imbiza. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kungalimazi ukonakala komhlaba.
U-Ivy ungene ebhodweni lezimbali elisha, kufakwa i-substrate emaphethelweni.

Amaviki ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sitshaliwe, kufanele siniselwe ngokulinganayo futhi sivikeleke elangeni eliqondile.

Ukunisela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-hoya ibalwa njengesitshalo esikhulu sezitshalo ezishisayo, ayihambisani nomswakama owedlulele:

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-wax ivy zidinga ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo.
Uma izinhlobonhlobo ze-hoya zinamaqabunga aminyene, khona-ke phakathi kokuthambisa, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi kumele lome ngo-20-30 mm.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-hoya ezinamaqabunga alukhuni, kodwa acinene, udinga ukuhlala unenqwaba yesimo esimanzi.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukugqoka okungaphezulu kabili ngenyanga. Kepha akufanele uyisebenzise ngokweqile, i-ivy ikubekezelela ukusweleka kwezakhi eziwusizo ezingcono kakhulu kunokweqile kwazo.

Kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe umanyolo kumaminerali amaminerali, kufanele kuhlanjululwe kancane kunokuba kukhonjisiwe kumiyalo, lokhu kuzovikela i-ivy ekushisweni okungenzeka.

Ukuphonsa, ukwesekwa

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hoya zikhula ngokushesha. Kuqala, iziqu ziba nokunwebeka, kepha ziqhume njengoba zikhula futhi kulula ukuzilimaza. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, isitshalo sidinga ukusekelwa. Ama-Arches avela emvinini noma e-bamboo lattices angasebenza njengokusekelwa. Ungasebenzisa uhlobo lwangaphandle: i-mesh, i-grate yokhuni odongeni, intambo eyelulwe eduze.

Into esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi kuyenqatshelwa ngokuphelele ukusika "iziqu" ezakhiwe esikhundleni sezimbali eziwile. Kukulezi zinqu esikhathini sokuqhakaza esilandelayo lapho izinhlamvu zizokwakheka.

I-ivush yohlobo lwe-wax ivy iyanqunywa minyaka yonke, isusa ama-vertex amabili noma amathathu efihlekile kuwo wonke amahlumela. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweshidi lesine.

Izikhathi ezahlukahlukene: izimbali - ukuthula

I-wax waxy iqala ukuqhakaza ehlobo.

Ukuze uvuselele inqubo yokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ngoMeyi nangoSepthemba amahora amaningi ukucwilisa imbali emanzini, ngaphambili ebifudunyezwa kuze kube ngama-degree angama-30.

Ngemuva kwalokho, i-substrate yomiswe ngokucophelela. Uma ugeza sonke isitshalo, khona-ke isikhathi senqubo kufanele sincishiswe sibe yingxenye yehora.

Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikezwe ithuba lokuthi "siphumule". Isikhathi sokuphumula sivezwa ukwehla ekukhuleni kwe-liana. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyabonakala ngokuncishiswa kwamahora wemini.

Ebusika, endaweni yokubeka yesitshalo, udinga ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, unciphise inani lokunisela futhi ushiye umanyolo okwesikhashana.

Ukushoda komswakama ngenkathi ebandayo kunomthelela ekuqhakazeni okuthe xaxa kwe-hoya.

Ukuzala

Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo, mhlawumbe ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

ukusika;
ngembewu;
layering.

Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzalela yiyona lapho kusetshenziswa khona izihlahla zokusika. Ukuphatha ukusakaza imbali, udinga ukulandela imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

Entwasahlobo, ama-cuttings (amasentimitha ayishumi ubude) asikwa eziqongweni zamahlumela ezakhiwe ngonyaka owedlule. Isiqu ngasinye kufanele sibe ne-3-4ode.
Ingxenye yesinde iphathwa ngeZircon, i-Epin noma enye enye i-phytohormone.
Imbiza yokutshala igcwaliswa inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, bese iyanyiswa.
Izimbumbulu zijule emhlabathini, bese zibanjwa ngokucophelela ukuze kungabikho zimpawu.
Izithombo zimbozwe ngesikhwama, ngendwangu noma ngefilimu.
Isitshalo sibekwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-18- + 24 degrees.
Izinto zokutshala zivuthiswa njalo futhi zingene umoya.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, ukusika kudluliselwa kumabhodwe noma ezimbizeni ezincane.

Okokukhiqiza kabusha usebenzisa izingqimba, kwenziwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

Kumakhompiyutha ambalwa endaweni ephakathi kwamaphoyinti wokukhula, ibanga, yenza ukubukeka okuncane okucashile.
Isigaxa sigoqiwe nge-sphagnum moss, efakwe ingxubevange kusisombululo se-stimulator ye-biological. Ingaphezulu lesiga selimbozwe nge-foil noma ngefilimu.
Ngemuva kokwakheka kwezimpande, isipikili salokhu kudutshulwa sinqunywe, futhi imbali iqhubekela kumtshali omusha.

Ngokuhluma kwembewu, kwenziwa lokhu okulandelayo:

Imbewu enamandla kunayo yonke ekhethiwe futhi yomiswa izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Imbewu itshalwe ingxube yenhlabathi yendawo yonke ne-sphagnum moss oqoshiwe (izakhi zithathwa ngesilinganiso 1: 1).
Izimo ezifanayo zenziwa ngokuhluma kwezinhlamvu zokusika.
Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izithombo kufanele zikhule. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate, kufanele kube nomswakama omncane.
Ngemuva kwekutsi tinhlanyelo tenta emacembe lamatsatfu kuya kulane, tiyatfolwa.

Amaphutha nokulungiswa kwawo

Lapho unakekela i-ivy, amaphutha athile angenziwa adinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile	Isizathu	Lungisa Izici
Ukwakheka kwezindawo eziphuzi kumahlamvu.	Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile, kuyasha.	Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lesi sitshalo kumele sibekwe emthunzini okhethiwe.
Amahlamvu awayo.	Umswakama omningi wenhlabathi, ungahlanganiswa nokushisa komoya ophansi.	Ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela, kuyadingeka ukunika inhlabathi isikhathi sokoma. Kwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwekamelo, umswakama omncane izitshalo uzowudinga.
Amahlamvu aluhlaza, anciphisa ukukhula kweziqu.	Ukuntuleka kwezakhi eziwusizo.	Kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani lokufaka umanyolo noma ukufakelwa kwesitshalo emhlabathini onempilo ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuhlikihla nokubulala amahlamvu.	Ukunisela njalo ngamanzi abandayo.	Isitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kwegumbi.
Imiphetho namaphethelo amaqabunga omile.	Ukushisa okuphezulu nomoya owomile.	Ukucwilisa komoya kanye nokufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi (ngaphandle kwenkathi yezimbali). Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukususwa ezintweni zokushisa.

Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokulawula

Kunezifo eziningi nezinambuzane ezithinta kakhulu i-wax ivy.

Izifo nezilokazane	Izimpawu	Izindlela zokulawula
I-Powdery Mildew	Okumhlophe okumhlophe phezu kwamahlamvu. Ukushiswa nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga.	- Zonke amahlumela namaqabunga athinteka yilesi sifo asikiwe; - Esikhundleni komhlaba; - In the ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, lesi sitshalo ibekwe isixazululo of umlotha kashukela; - Ezimweni ezinzima zesifo, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa - I-Skor, iTopazi.
Ukubola kwezimpande.	Izisekelo zamahlumela zimnyama. Kwenziwa iphunga lokubola, ungqimba oluncane lwamafomu obumba enhlabathini.	- Sika wonke amahlumela angenwe yileli gciwane, izindawo zokusika ezifafazwe namalahle ocushiwe; - Izimpande zesitshalo amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu zifakwa kwisisombululo sanoma iyiphi fungicides.
Isihlangu.	Ifomu leshubhu elinsundu eliqinile kulawo amahlamvu. Izicubu ezizungezile ziphenduka zibomvu-ziphuzi.	- Amasheya ezinambuzane agcotshwe ngophalafini; - Amaqabunga asulwa ngesisombululo esisuselwa kunosipho notshwala; - Imbali igezwa ngamanzi afudumele bese icutshungulwa yiMetaphos.
Ama-aphid.	Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ophuzi zinamathela eziqongweni zezitshalo.	- Amahlumela alimala kakhulu ayanqunywa; - Imbali ifafazwa kaningana ngosuku nge-anyanisi noma ngesixazululo sikagalikhi.

Ngesinye isikhathi, isitshalo singathinteka yisibungu sesicabucabu.

Izimpawu

Kunenkolelo-ze yokuthi i-wax ivy ingalethela okubi endlini, ngakho-ke akubona bonke abalimi abathatha isinqumo sokukhulisa lesi sitshalo, naphezu kwabo bonke ubuhle bayo.

E-Russia, kunenye inkolelo. Kukholakala ukuthi i-hoya ingasinda indoda ekhaya, futhi isitshalo sigqoka izigqoko zentombazane encane engashadile.