I-Hoya ingumvini ohlala ukhanya, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-wax ivy. Ungowomndeni wakwaKutrov.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyinhloko zikhula eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, eChina naseNdiya. Izinhlobo eziningana ze-hoya zingatholakala eziqhingini eziphakathi kwePacific ne-Indian Ocean.
Incazelo
U-Hoya uphakathi kwezimbali ze-epiphytes, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga izihlahla ezinkulu noma izihlahla ukusekela.
I-wax ye-ivy inezimbali ezimhlophe noma eziphinki ezipinki ngesimo sezinkanyezi, ububanzi bazo bubalelwa ku-15 mm, kanti inani ku-inflorescence yizicucu ezi-15-20.
Amaqabunga aluhlaza ngombala omnyama ngombala, asontekile ngendlela yama-curls futhi akhiwe ngokuqinile kwinqubo yokwehla. Ngobude, bafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-5, ububanzi - amasentimitha ayi-7 - 7. I-Foliage inejusi, igcwele futhi inamahlwili, yilesi sici esiholele ekutheni i-wax ivy ibekwe njengeqembu le-anculents.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ze-hoya, kepha kuphela ezinye zazo ezingatshalwa ezindlini.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| Kaudata | Yakha insimu yeThailand neMalaysia. Imbali yaqala ukutholwa ngonyaka we-1883. Inamacembe ama-ovoid aminyene, isisekelo esisethwe ngenhliziyo. I-Spotting yemibala ehlukene ikhona - kusuka ku-pinkish kuya ku-green color ngombala. Ingxenye engezansi ibomvu, engenhla ine-silvery Splash. Izimbali zincanyana, azinaphunga, umbala umhlophe futhi ubomvu. |
| I-Splash yesiliva | Izimbambo ezinamaqabunga ziwugqinsi, ziqukethe i-fluff obukhulu, eqhubeka nokuncipha njengoba imbali ikhula. Ama-buds amhlophe futhi abomvu. Amaqabunga we-hue elibomvu. |
| UDavid Cumming | Uhlobo olungandile lwe-wax ivy. Ihluke kwezinye izimbali ze-salmon-pink ezinendawo egqamile esentabeni. Kusihlwa kukhipha iphunga elimnandi le-caramel. I-foliage lanceolate, imithambo isingahlukaniseki kalula. |
| ICalistophyll | Amacembe abanzi, anemithambo eluhlaza emnyama. Izimbali ziphuzi njengo-milky ophuzi, kusuka kwabangu-18 kuye kwabangu-20 abakhona ngesambulela. Ikhiqiza iphunga elingajabulisi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. |
| Imperiis | Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-wax ivy. Indawo yokuhlala iyindawo enhlonhlo yaseMalacca. Izimbali zinombala obomvu omnyama, isikhungo simhlophe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kukhipha iphunga elimnandi. |
| Locky | Isitshalo se-Vietnam. Ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, iyakwazi unyaka wonke ukujabulisa ngezimbali zombala we-pearl-pearl. Iphunga le-ivy likhumbuza ushokoledi futhi liyanda kusihlwa. |
| I-Lacunose (ukhonkolo) | Amaqabunga aluhlaza okomnyama, ngendlela yesigqi, imiphetho igobile, ukuze kutholakale umgodi, onikeze igama lezinhlobonhlobo. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ezingcezu eziyi-15-20, ezimhlophe velvety ngomqhele ophuzi phakathi. |
| Shepherdie | Izimbali zombala opinki ophuzi ngama-corollas athambisiwe. Amahlamvu amade futhi mancane, anokwakheka kwesikebhe, maphakathi kwawo kukhona ithambo eliluhlaza elikhanyayo. |
| I-Karnosa (enamanzi) | Liana, okufinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-6. Amaqabunga mancane, ayi-oval, kodwa kunalokho aminyene, ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy. Uluhlaza omnyama onemivimbo yesiliva. Izimbali zinamakha, zipinki futhi zimhlophe. |
| Umuhle (uBella) | Amahlumela kaBella ahlala elenga phansi, futhi isihlahla ngokwaso sinamagatsha ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo kuthiwa sikhulu. Amaqabunga mancane, anesimo se-ovoid-lanceolate, esiluhlaza ngombala. Ama-buds amhlophe, ama-inflorescence ama-7-9 amaphakathi akhona. |
Ukukhula Kwendlu Hoya
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya kwalembali akubangeli bunzima, ngoba i-liana ayidingi ngisho nokufakelwa konyaka. Njengomthetho, njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu kwanele ukushintsha ibhodwe.
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe, inhlabathi, ukufakelwa
I-Hoya ilungele ukukhula ngendlela ye-ampel, ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isitsha se-wax ivy, kufanelekile ukunikela ukukhetha ebhodweni le-cache.
Umhlabathi wesitshalo ungaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- i-peat, isihlabathi somfula, i-humus nenhlabathi ye-sod kuxutshwe, konke kuthathwa ngokulinganayo;
- inhlabathi evundayo, umhlaba ovela endaweni ebamba ukushisa kanye ne-humus ihlanganiswe, isilinganiso: izingxenye ezimbili ze-loam nengxenye eyodwa yezinye izakhi.
Udinga ukufakela isitshalo ngokuya ngaleli cebo:
- Ungqimba lobumba olwandisiwe kanye namatshe amatshe angama-40-50 mm obukhulu kuthululelwa ezansi ebhodweni. Ingxube embozwe isigaxa esisha, esigcwaliswa cishe ¼ wevodweni.
- Uma kunesidingo, faka ukusekelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunconywa ukwenqaba izinti ze-bamboo, ngoba zivame ukuhlukana ngenxa yobunzima besitshalo.
- UHoya uyaniselwa, bese kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 kukhishwe imbiza. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kungalimazi ukonakala komhlaba.
- U-Ivy ungene ebhodweni lezimbali elisha, kufakwa i-substrate emaphethelweni.
Amaviki ambalwa okuqala ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sitshaliwe, kufanele siniselwe ngokulinganayo futhi sivikeleke elangeni eliqondile.
Ukunisela
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-hoya ibalwa njengesitshalo esikhulu sezitshalo ezishisayo, ayihambisani nomswakama owedlulele:
- Izinhlobo eziningi ze-wax ivy zidinga ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo.
- Uma izinhlobonhlobo ze-hoya zinamaqabunga aminyene, khona-ke phakathi kokuthambisa, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi kumele lome ngo-20-30 mm.
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-hoya ezinamaqabunga alukhuni, kodwa acinene, udinga ukuhlala unenqwaba yesimo esimanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukugqoka okungaphezulu kabili ngenyanga. Kepha akufanele uyisebenzise ngokweqile, i-ivy ikubekezelela ukusweleka kwezakhi eziwusizo ezingcono kakhulu kunokweqile kwazo.
Kunconywa ukuthi kunikezwe umanyolo kumaminerali amaminerali, kufanele kuhlanjululwe kancane kunokuba kukhonjisiwe kumiyalo, lokhu kuzovikela i-ivy ekushisweni okungenzeka.
Ukuphonsa, ukwesekwa
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hoya zikhula ngokushesha. Kuqala, iziqu ziba nokunwebeka, kepha ziqhume njengoba zikhula futhi kulula ukuzilimaza. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini, isitshalo sidinga ukusekelwa. Ama-Arches avela emvinini noma e-bamboo lattices angasebenza njengokusekelwa. Ungasebenzisa uhlobo lwangaphandle: i-mesh, i-grate yokhuni odongeni, intambo eyelulwe eduze.
Into esemqoka okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi kuyenqatshelwa ngokuphelele ukusika "iziqu" ezakhiwe esikhundleni sezimbali eziwile. Kukulezi zinqu esikhathini sokuqhakaza esilandelayo lapho izinhlamvu zizokwakheka.
I-ivush yohlobo lwe-wax ivy iyanqunywa minyaka yonke, isusa ama-vertex amabili noma amathathu efihlekile kuwo wonke amahlumela. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweshidi lesine.
Izikhathi ezahlukahlukene: izimbali - ukuthula
I-wax waxy iqala ukuqhakaza ehlobo.
Ukuze uvuselele inqubo yokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ngoMeyi nangoSepthemba amahora amaningi ukucwilisa imbali emanzini, ngaphambili ebifudunyezwa kuze kube ngama-degree angama-30.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-substrate yomiswe ngokucophelela. Uma ugeza sonke isitshalo, khona-ke isikhathi senqubo kufanele sincishiswe sibe yingxenye yehora.
Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikezwe ithuba lokuthi "siphumule". Isikhathi sokuphumula sivezwa ukwehla ekukhuleni kwe-liana. Njengomthetho, lokhu kuyabonakala ngokuncishiswa kwamahora wemini.
Ebusika, endaweni yokubeka yesitshalo, udinga ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, unciphise inani lokunisela futhi ushiye umanyolo okwesikhashana.
Ukushoda komswakama ngenkathi ebandayo kunomthelela ekuqhakazeni okuthe xaxa kwe-hoya.
Ukuzala
Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo, mhlawumbe ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukusika;
- ngembewu;
- layering.
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzalela yiyona lapho kusetshenziswa khona izihlahla zokusika. Ukuphatha ukusakaza imbali, udinga ukulandela imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Entwasahlobo, ama-cuttings (amasentimitha ayishumi ubude) asikwa eziqongweni zamahlumela ezakhiwe ngonyaka owedlule. Isiqu ngasinye kufanele sibe ne-3-4ode.
- Ingxenye yesinde iphathwa ngeZircon, i-Epin noma enye enye i-phytohormone.
- Imbiza yokutshala igcwaliswa inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, bese iyanyiswa.
- Izimbumbulu zijule emhlabathini, bese zibanjwa ngokucophelela ukuze kungabikho zimpawu.
- Izithombo zimbozwe ngesikhwama, ngendwangu noma ngefilimu.
- Isitshalo sibekwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-18- + 24 degrees.
- Izinto zokutshala zivuthiswa njalo futhi zingene umoya.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, ukusika kudluliselwa kumabhodwe noma ezimbizeni ezincane.
Okokukhiqiza kabusha usebenzisa izingqimba, kwenziwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Kumakhompiyutha ambalwa endaweni ephakathi kwamaphoyinti wokukhula, ibanga, yenza ukubukeka okuncane okucashile.
- Isigaxa sigoqiwe nge-sphagnum moss, efakwe ingxubevange kusisombululo se-stimulator ye-biological. Ingaphezulu lesiga selimbozwe nge-foil noma ngefilimu.
- Ngemuva kokwakheka kwezimpande, isipikili salokhu kudutshulwa sinqunywe, futhi imbali iqhubekela kumtshali omusha.
Ngokuhluma kwembewu, kwenziwa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Imbewu enamandla kunayo yonke ekhethiwe futhi yomiswa izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
- Imbewu itshalwe ingxube yenhlabathi yendawo yonke ne-sphagnum moss oqoshiwe (izakhi zithathwa ngesilinganiso 1: 1).
- Izimo ezifanayo zenziwa ngokuhluma kwezinhlamvu zokusika.
- Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izithombo kufanele zikhule. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ukuqapha okuqukethwe komswakama we-substrate, kufanele kube nomswakama omncane.
- Ngemuva kwekutsi tinhlanyelo tenta emacembe lamatsatfu kuya kulane, tiyatfolwa.
Amaphutha nokulungiswa kwawo
Lapho unakekela i-ivy, amaphutha athile angenziwa adinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha.
| Amaphutha ajwayelekile | Isizathu | Lungisa Izici |
| Ukwakheka kwezindawo eziphuzi kumahlamvu. | Ukuchayeka elangeni eliqondile, kuyasha. | Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lesi sitshalo kumele sibekwe emthunzini okhethiwe. |
| Amahlamvu awayo. | Umswakama omningi wenhlabathi, ungahlanganiswa nokushisa komoya ophansi. | Ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela, kuyadingeka ukunika inhlabathi isikhathi sokoma. Kwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwekamelo, umswakama omncane izitshalo uzowudinga. |
| Amahlamvu aluhlaza, anciphisa ukukhula kweziqu. | Ukuntuleka kwezakhi eziwusizo. | Kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani lokufaka umanyolo noma ukufakelwa kwesitshalo emhlabathini onempilo ngokwengeziwe. |
| Ukuhlikihla nokubulala amahlamvu. | Ukunisela njalo ngamanzi abandayo. | Isitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi emazingeni okushisa angaphezulu kwegumbi. |
| Imiphetho namaphethelo amaqabunga omile. | Ukushisa okuphezulu nomoya owomile. | Ukucwilisa komoya kanye nokufafaza isitshalo ngamanzi (ngaphandle kwenkathi yezimbali). Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukususwa ezintweni zokushisa. |
Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokulawula
Kunezifo eziningi nezinambuzane ezithinta kakhulu i-wax ivy.
| Izifo nezilokazane | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| I-Powdery Mildew | Okumhlophe okumhlophe phezu kwamahlamvu. Ukushiswa nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga. | - Zonke amahlumela namaqabunga athinteka yilesi sifo asikiwe; - Esikhundleni komhlaba; - In the ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, lesi sitshalo ibekwe isixazululo of umlotha kashukela; - Ezimweni ezinzima zesifo, ama-fungicides asetshenziswa - I-Skor, iTopazi. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande. | Izisekelo zamahlumela zimnyama. Kwenziwa iphunga lokubola, ungqimba oluncane lwamafomu obumba enhlabathini. | - Sika wonke amahlumela angenwe yileli gciwane, izindawo zokusika ezifafazwe namalahle ocushiwe; - Izimpande zesitshalo amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu zifakwa kwisisombululo sanoma iyiphi fungicides. |
| Isihlangu. | Ifomu leshubhu elinsundu eliqinile kulawo amahlamvu. Izicubu ezizungezile ziphenduka zibomvu-ziphuzi. | - Amasheya ezinambuzane agcotshwe ngophalafini; - Amaqabunga asulwa ngesisombululo esisuselwa kunosipho notshwala; - Imbali igezwa ngamanzi afudumele bese icutshungulwa yiMetaphos. |
| Ama-aphid. | Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ophuzi zinamathela eziqongweni zezitshalo. | - Amahlumela alimala kakhulu ayanqunywa; - Imbali ifafazwa kaningana ngosuku nge-anyanisi noma ngesixazululo sikagalikhi. |
Ngesinye isikhathi, isitshalo singathinteka yisibungu sesicabucabu.
Izimpawu
Kunenkolelo-ze yokuthi i-wax ivy ingalethela okubi endlini, ngakho-ke akubona bonke abalimi abathatha isinqumo sokukhulisa lesi sitshalo, naphezu kwabo bonke ubuhle bayo.
E-Russia, kunenye inkolelo. Kukholakala ukuthi i-hoya ingasinda indoda ekhaya, futhi isitshalo sigqoka izigqoko zentombazane encane engashadile.
Abantu abacebile futhi abaphakanyisiwe ukuthi bakhule isitshalo, ngoba sibonisa ukulahleka.
