Incazelo - Umuthi ongapheli onamaqabunga obucayi, velvety. Ungowomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae futhi uhlala eMexico, eBrazil nase-Antilles. Ezweni lethu, incazelo ikhule njengembali yezindlu. Kwakha amakhishi acwebile noma amakhasethi amade ebhodweni le-cache. Ngephethini engajwayelekile kumaqabunga nombala wazo, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngokuthi "ilangabi le-violet" noma "imbali yepigogo." Ngaphezu kokukhishwa okuminyene kwamaqabunga ama-fluffy, incazelo iyathandeka ngezimbali ezinhle. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezivumela umtshali ukuthi akhethe inhlanganisela ethandwa kakhulu yephethini emaqabunga nasezimbali.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Episia yinto ehlala ihlala njalo ngeziqu, ezithambile. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungama-15-20 cm, ukukhula konyaka kuyinto encane. Izinqubo ezilandelwayo zakhiwa emahlumela, futhi lapho zihlangana nomhlaba, isitshalo sanda ngokushesha. Uhlelo lwempande lwencazelo lumelwe ukukhula okufana ne-tuberous okuxhunywe amadevu ovundlile.
Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesitshalo ngamaqabunga awo amakhulu e-pubescent. Zikhula kuma-petioles okuphambene, zakha irosette eminyene ye-symmetrical. Ipuleti le-oval sheet elinomphetho oyisicaba noma wavy liphela ngomphetho okhombe noma oyindilinga. Imbozwe ngephethini yokusiza yemithambo noma, ngethambo elilodwa eliphakathi nendawo. Iqabunga likhula ngo-5-20 cm ubude, futhi ububanzi bube yi-3- 10 cm. Umbala wamaqabunga uncike ezinhlotsheni, uhlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani noma i-mosagated, ezinomngcele ohlukile kanye nezindawo. Amahlamvu anamahlwili ahlala emahlumela iminyaka eminingana, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo asisho lutho futhi sigcina umphumela wokuhlobisa isikhathi eside.
Akuwona amaqabunga kuphela ahehwa yincazelo. Izimbali zakhe ezintekenteke ziyaqhakaza ngoMeyi futhi zihlala kuze kube uSepthemba. Zinesimo sebhubhu ezinamaphara amahlanu ahlukaniswe emaphethelweni futhi zigobile kakhulu. Izimbali zipendwe ngombala obomvu, opinki, owolintshi, ophuzi noma omhlophe. Ubude be-tube yezimbali buyi-3 cm, nobubanzi obungu-1.5-3 cm. Izimbali nazo zihle. Kwezinye izinhlobo, imiphetho yamaphalishi imbozwe nge-cilia ende. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngezinyawo ezifushane, eziminyene kuma-axils amaqabunga, ziculwe noma ziqoqwe ngamaqembu ama-buds angama-2-4.
Izinhlobo Zencazelo
Uhlobo lwencazelo aluningi kakhulu, liqukethe izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili kuphela. Ezintathu zazo zithandwa ikakhulukazi.
Ama-clove angumhlobiso womuntu. Isitshalo esihlangene esinezimpande eziguqukayo sakha ama-rosette amaqabunga anamahlamvu, anamaqabunga e-oval wombala ofanayo. Ubude beshidi alidluli ku-3 cm nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-2. Izimbali ezizodwa ezinkulu ezihlotshaniswa negramophone zipendwe mhlophe. Imiphetho yamaphalishi imbozwe, njengomphetho, onobuhle obude bumsontekile. Ubude bethhubhu nobubanzi bentyatyambo bungaba cm 5. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Septhemba.
Incazelo yethusi. Lokhu kubukwa kunosayizi omkhulu kunokwedlule. Amaqabunga acishe abe ngu-6-15 cm ubude nama-5-10 cm ububanzi avame ukubonakala kakhulu futhi apendwe ngombala onsundu. Iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqhathanisa itholakala emithanjeni. NgoJulayi-Septhemba, izimbali eziwodwa ziyaqhakaza zinobubanzi obungafika ku-25 mm. Imvamisa kupende obomvu ngebala eliphuzi ngaphakathi kweshubhu. Izinhlobo:
- Amasheya esiliva - amaqabunga athambile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onqenqemeni anephethini elingalingani oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali ezibomvu;
- I-Blue Nile - emaqabungeni ansundu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enkabeni ebonakalayo "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi", aqhakaza ngezimbali ze-lavender;
- I-top topazi - amaqabunga acwebezelayo anesikhungo esimomotheka sepinki kanye nomucu omnqumo omncane onqenqemeni;
- Ubuhle behlathi - kukhula amacembe aluhlaza-acwebezelayo aluhlaza nezimbali eziqhakaza izimbali ezibomvu;
- I-Chocolate Soldier - cishe yonke indawo yeqabunga ipendiwe ngombala onsundu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amaningi esiliva-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuqhakaza ngemibala ye-maroon.
Incazelo iyakhasa. I-herbaceous perennial ihlukaniswa ngeziqu ezinde eziguqukayo. Akhula amaqabunga omnqumo afufusayo abe ngu-8-10 cm ubude futhi abe ngu-3-5 cm ububanzi. NgoJulayi-Septhemba, izimbali ze-axil eziqhakaza ziqhakaza ngamacembe abomvu obomvu. Ilungele ukutshala i-ampel.
Ukumila kwezitshalo
Ukuchazwa kungenziwa kusakazwa ngembewu, ukusikwa kanye nezisekelo zezindodakazi. Ukusakazwa kwembewu akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isitsha esincane ngesihlabathi kanye ne-peat yenhlabathi. Imbewu encanyana isatshalaliswa phezulu bese icindezelwa enhlabathini ngombusi. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sibekwe endaweni efudumele ekhanyiswe kahle. Inhlabathi ingena umoya njalo ifafazwe. Izithombo ezinamaphutha zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-30. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa futhi izithombo zikhule ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhona kanye lokushisa lika + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Izithombo zikhula kancane. Lapho zikhula amaqabunga ama-2 angempela, izitshalo zitshalwa emiphongolweni emincane yama-2-3 ama-eseyi ndawonye. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izimbali akulindelekile.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke futhi elula yokuzala yizindlela zokubamba kwezingane. Akhiwa njalo amadevu angaguquki. Izikhoxe ezincane ezinezimpisi ezi-3-4 zivame ukulengiswa kuthanga esihlahleni esincanyana (i-antennae). Isokisi elinjalo ngaphandle kwezinqubo ze-lateral liyanqunywa futhi ligxishwe emanzini. Ungayibeka emhlabathini ebhodweni eliseduze ngaphandle kokuyihlukanisa nesitshalo somama. Izimbali ziqukethe ukukhanya nokukhanya komoya okukhona + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Ngemuva kwesonto, izimpande zakho zakhiwa futhi okuphumayo kungahlukaniswa.
Ama-apical cuttings angama-5-10 cm amade nama-1-2 node nawo avele kahle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokwehlukana, zibekwa emanzini afudumele, futhi ngokubunjwa kwezimpande kutshalwe emiphongolweni yobubanzi obuncane enomhlabathi oxegayo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya
Le ncazelo ibhekwa njengembali ebunjiwe edinga ukulungiswa kancane. Ilungele abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuphakathi.
Ukufakelwa Kukhethwa imbiza engashoni kodwa ebanzi enezinhlangothi ezincane. Njengoba imbali ikhula ngokushesha, kwesinye isikhathi itshalwa kabili ngonyaka. Ngaphansi kwethangi kufanele kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Ubumba olwandisiwe noma izitini ezibomvu eziphukile nalo luyathululelwa. Ngaphambi kokufaka, i-epithet iniselwa kakhulu futhi isuswe ngokucophelela ebhodweni. Ingxenye yomhlaba iyasuswa futhi izimpande ziyahlolwa ukuze zibole. Izindawo ezilimele ziyasikwa futhi ziphathwe namalahle achotshoziwe.
Inhlabathi ngokutshala kufanele kube okuvundile futhi okuvundile, okune-acidic kancane noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izingxube zenhlabathi thatha ishidi lomhlaba, ubhontshisi nesihlabathi. Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta, engeza namalahle ne-moss-sphagnum.
Isibani Le ncazelo, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amnyama amaphethini, idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhanya. Awukwazi ukubeka imbali elangeni eliqondile. Izitshalo zibekwa emafasiteleni asempumalanga nasentshonalanga, kanye nasekujuleni kwekamelo eliseningizimu. Kuzoba nokukhanya okuncane ewindini lasenyakatho futhi kuyodingeka usebenzise isibani sangemuva.
Ukushisa Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungo + 20 ... + 25 ° C unyaka wonke. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, igumbi linomoya, kepha livikela imbali kokungalungiswa. Ukupholisa ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C akwamukeleki.
Umswakama. Indawo yokuzalwa kwencazelo izifunda ezishisayo nezithambile, ngakho-ke uthanda umswakama ophezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqabunga e-pubescent awakwazi ukufafazwa; kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-humidifiers noma i-tray ngamatshe amnyama namanzi. Uketshezi akufanele luhlangane nenhlabathi. Akunconywa ukugeza amandla.
Ukunisela. Le ncazelo idinga ukuchelela njalo ukuze inhlabathi ihlale imanzi kancane, kepha ngaphandle kokugxadazela kwamanzi. Nisela izitshalo epanini noma emaphethelweni ebhodwe. Amanzi akufanele ahlangane namahlumela namaqabunga. Uketshezi kufanele lufudumale futhi luhlanze kahle.
Umanyolo. NgoMashi-Okthoba, i-epilation ivame ukudliwa kabili ngenyanga. Isixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali wezimbiwa singeniswa emhlabathini. Umthamo wokugqoka unqanyuliwe.
Izihlahla. Izitshalo ze-Ampel zivezwa ngokuvezwa kancane kancane nokwanda kwesiqu. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, udinga ukusika amahlumela kube yingxenye. Izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, njalo ngeminyaka engama-4-5, amahlathi ayavuselelwa.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Lapho ama-stagnates namanzi namaconsi uketshezi efika emaqabungeni, izifo ezikhunta zingakhula. Kulokhu, udinga ukulungisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ususe iziqu ezilimele futhi uphathe isitshalo ngesikhunta. Isikali, ama-thrips, ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies kanye nama-mealybugs kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala amahlumela noma iziqu. Ukusuka kwizinambuzane, ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane kuyenziwa. Ama-Aerosol noma ukwakheka kukafulawa kufanele kukhethwe.
Ngenkathi yokukhula kwesiqephu, kungavela izinkinga eziningi ezingabhekwana kalula ngokulungisa ukunakekelwa:
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinsundu emaqabunga - amaconsi amanzi namanzi abandayo kakhulu okunisela;
- amaqabunga aphuzi - imithamo ngokweqile yomanyolo wezitshalo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile;
- ukubonakala kwe-plaque grey kumaqabunga - inhlabathi ene-acidic kakhulu, izifo zesikhunta;
- ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza kwezimbali - ukomisa okujwayelekile kwe-substrate, ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kukamanyolo we-nitrogen, ukukhanyisa okunganele.
