Izazi zezimbali zithi endaweni evulekile, ama-peonies akhula iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, uma nje ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwenziwa ngokwezidingo zonke. Amabhasi ahlobisa noma yimuphi umhlaba ngezinhlamvu zawo ezihlanzekile.
Ukudilizwa
Ama-peonies athatha izimpande kuphela ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi isikhathi, indawo namanye ama-nuances.
Isikhathi
Ukutshala kwangaphandle ekwindla kuyinto ethandwa kakhulu. NgoSepthemba, uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula, imbali inesikhathi sokululama ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhula, ithola amandla. Ukufakelwa kwempahla kufanele kwenziwe ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwengxenye ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Lokhu kunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi isihlahla sizokhula ngaphambi kobusika.
Isikhathi sibheka endaweni nezimo zayo zesimo sezulu:
- ESiberia, ukufika phansi kwenzeka ngo-Agasti nasezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zasekwindla. Engxenyeni esenyakatho, kudingeka uyiqede emasontweni ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngaphambili kunaseningizimu.
- E-Urals, ukufika kuye kwenziwa kusukela eminyakeni yesibili ka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba.
- Ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa kamuva, ama-peonies atshalwa emzileni ophakathi naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga (okufanayo kuyenzeka esifundeni saseMoscow).
- Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ama-peonies kufanele atshalwe kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.
Ngokuqala kweziqalo zakuqala kule ndawo, ukufika lapho kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evulekile kunzima ukubekezelela futhi azikwazi ukululama isikhathi eside. Ukuze uthuthukise lesi simo, ukutshala kunconywa ekuqaleni kukaMashi, lapho iqhwa liphela, kumhlabathi omanzi.
Lokhu akusebenzi ezitshalweni ezine-system evaliwe yezimpande (ukulima kwenziwa emabhokisini, emabhodweni). Ama-peonies anjalo angatshalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla (ngisho ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo: Juni, Julayi).
Izinto zembewu: Ukukhetha kanye nomsebenzi wokulungiselela
Izinto zokutshala zikhethwa ngobukhulu obuphakathi. I-Delenka ejwayelekile inobude obunzima obungaba amasentimitha angamashumi amabili, izikhala ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu. Isibonelo, i-Holland eyahlukahlukene ibe ngamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ubude bayo; Ama-peonies analezi zinhlaka athatha izimpande zingcono kakhulu kunesampula ezinkulu.
Akunconywa ukutshala izihlahla ezinkulu ezingalingani. Banika ama-buds asele ngonyaka wokuqala, kepha ama-rhizomes amadala afa ngokushesha. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinqubo ezintsha, i-peony iba buthakathaka, iqhume kabi futhi ingahle ife.
Izitshalo ezindala, ezingakhi kahle ezakhiwe ziyakhiwa Izindawo ezintsha ezingena esikhundleni sezinso nezimpande ezincane zisikwa ngommese obukhali. Zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokutshala.
Izinhlobo ezincanyana zifakwa kuqala embhedeni wokusabalalisa. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esikhethekile (amasentimitha ayi-15- 20 ngokulandelana, amasentimitha angama-50-60 phakathi). Izithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphelele. Izinhlobo ezikhula kahle zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo emva konyaka, ezinye - njengoba zikhula.
Izimo zendawo, inhlabathi
Ama-peonies athande ukufudumala nokukhanya. Babekezelela isithunzi esincane kuze kube amahora amathathu ngosuku. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uvikele lesi sitshalo elangeni eliqondile ntambama. Izimbali zesaba umoya wasenyakatho nokusalungiswa. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo unyaka owodwa, kepha iminyaka eminingana ngasikhathi sinye.
Eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula lube amasentimitha angama-70-80. Ngakho-ke, indawo kufanele ikhethwe ngokuhlelwa okujulile kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi le ndawo ingagcwali iqhwa elicibilikile. Umswakama owedlulele uzoholela ekubolweni kwe-rhizome nokufa kwembali.
Ukutshala inhlabathi kufanele kube yi-acid ephakathi noma ephansi. Ama-peonies avela kahle ku-okubi, okucetshiswe ngezinto eziwusizo zomhlaba, kudlula umoya.
Lapho ukutshala kwenziwa enhlabathini enesihlabathi, kuxutshwa nge-humus, i-peat, umlotha, ufulawa we-dolomite, inhlabathi engadini. Uma ama-peonies etshalwe enhlabathini enobumba obukhulu, ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi, i-peat (lokhu kwenza i-substrate airy, ixege). Isihlabathi sibuye sengezwe kokudla okunempilo, kepha okusheshayo okuthatha i-chernozem.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ekukhuleni okulungile, ekukhuleni, ekuqhakazeni izimbali nasekuhlaleni isikhathi eside sesitshalo. Amapayipi abiwe emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuba kwehle. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaba uzoba nesikhathi sokuxazulula ezingeni elidingekayo. Wells itholakala ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-80-100 ukusuka komunye nomunye (uma uwumbela ndawonye, izihlahla zizokhula kabi). Ukujula kwemigodi ngamasentimitha angama-60-70. Circumference - amasentimitha angama-55-70.
Ingxube ye:
- umhlaba womquba
- Peat;
- umquba
- potassium sulfate 150 amagremu;
- isidlo sethambo amagremu ama-350;
- superphosphate 170-200 amagremu;
- umhlabathi oshibhile ulamula amagremu angu-140-170 (lapho inhlabathi ibumba).
Isisindo lixubene nengaphezulu, lihlanganiswe kancane. Ingxube yezakhi kufanele igcwalise umgodi phakathi.
Imithetho yokutshala
Lapho ufika, imithetho elandelayo iyabonakala:
- Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinjengesihlahla zitshalwa ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-80, izinhlobo zotshani - amasentimitha angama-60. Ububanzi bomgodi ngamasentimitha angama-60 no-50, ngokulandelana.
- Ngaphansi komgodi kufakwe ulwelwesi lokudonsa amanzi ukuze kugwenywe ukungabibikho komswakama.
- Umgodi ugcwele isakhi esingumsoco.
- Ngemuva kokusakazwa kwezimpande enhlabathini, zibuye zimbozwe ngenhlabathi ngamasentimitha ayi-15- 20 ukuze izinso zihlale zingaphezulu komugqa ongaphansi. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, iphuzu lokukhula (okuyingxenye ethambile kakhulu ye-peony) lizohlala lingavikelekile ezicini zangaphandle ezinolaka: ilanga elinukayo, umoya obandayo, isithwathwa nokuphumula. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala isitshalo kujule kakhulu nakho akusifanele. Yize izonikeza amahlamvu aluhlaza, izoqhuma kabi noma ngeke yakha amahlumela nakancane.
- Inhlabathi ihlanganisiwe futhi iniselwa (8-10 wamalitha wamanzi ngokwesibonelo).
- Lapho utshala ehlobo noma ekwindla, ama-peonies ahlanganiswa nge-peat (ungqimba wamasentimitha ayi-10). Ingxenye yesakhi yokugcwalisa umgodi ngaphambi kokutshala ingenziwa nguwe, ithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile zabalimi. Lapho zonke izidingo zokutshala zihlangatshezwa, ama-peonies azohlobisa ingadi ngemifino yawo evuthiwe iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kokudinga ukufakelwa njalo noma ukuvuselelwa.
Amaphutha nokuvinjwa kwawo
Abalimi bavame ukuthenga amahlumela of peonies ngasekupheleni kobusika, kwentwasahlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaqalayo benza iphutha elikhulu elingabhubhisa izitshalo: zigcinwa kuze kutshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafanele.
I-Peony isitshalo sangemuva esidinga "ukuqala okubandayo" (kusebenza kuma-nzalo). Lokhu kusho ukuthi izithombo zizoqala ukukhulisa ama-rhizomes kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphansi enhlabathi (ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku- +10 degrees). Uma uyigcina kufasitela elifudumele noma eduze nebhethri, izonikeza izinso eziningi. Lokhu kungabonakala njengesibonakaliso esihle ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, amahlumela anjalo afa ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ekushiseni okuphezulu zonke izakhamzimba ezivela enhlabathini ziya engxenyeni engaphezulu komhlaba (amahlamvu). Izimpande ziqeda masinyane izinsiza ezisele futhi ziyafa.
Ukuze zingalimazi izimbali, zigoqeka ngopulasitiki, zibekwe engxenyeni yemifriji esiqandisini noma endaweni epholile ephansi emazingeni aphansi okushisa. Ungase futhi ungcwabe ukusika endaweni yokubamba iqhwa ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesakhiwo. Kunconywa ukuthi bahlale ngaphansi kweqhwa ngaphambi kokuba lincibilike. Akufanele ukukhathazeka ngamahlumela, indlela enjalo yemvelo yokugcina ayizilimazi izitshalo.
Lapho inhlabathi ifudumala kancane, ama-peonies atshalwa embhedeni wokusabalalisa. Phezulu zifakwe nge-peat. Ngokwindla, amahlumela azothatha izimpande kahle, azothuthukisa ngokuphelele ukufakelwa endaweni eyiyo.
Abalimi be-Amateur benza amaphutha ngenxa yokuthi ama-peonies awaniki ama-buds noma awawaqedi. Okuvame kakhulu kubo:
- iphuzu lokukhula libekwe kakhulu ekujuleni kwenhlabathi (ngokujula ngamasentimitha ayi-5) noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, libekwe phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba (endaweni eyi-2-3 amasentimitha);
- izihlahla zitshalwe endaweni enomthunzi noma enomswakama kakhulu;
- ama-Delenki abe nosayizi omncane kakhulu;
- izithombo zikhulu kakhulu, izakhamzimba enhlabathini azenele ukuqhakaza;
- isitshalo sesisidala kakhulu, sidinga ukufakelwa ngokwahlukana;
- inhlabathi ene-acidity ephezulu, kufanele incishiswe ngokungeza i-lime noma i-wood ash;
- wethula inani elikhulu lomanyolo we-nitrogen;
- efihlekile iqhwa entwasahlobo (isitshalo kufanele sifakwe ubusika);
- ngonyaka owedlule, amaqabunga anqunywa kusenesikhathi;
- isitshalo sabola ngoba izindlela zokuvimbela azithathwanga;
- ngesizini edlule, imbali ibingenamanzi amaningi futhi ivundiswa.
Ukuze isitshalo esidala ukuqhakaza, kubalulekile ukuqeda izinto ezithikameza le nqubo. Imvamisa, ukudlulisela endaweni efanelekile kuyadingeka, kwenziwa ngokulandela yonke imithetho nezidingo. Uma amahlathi engaqhakaza ngenxa yalesi sifo, kudingeka aphathwe ngemithi ekhethekile ethengiwe (fungicides). Ngokubola okungwevu noma kwebhaktheriya, iBayleton 0,1%, iTopsin M 2%, uFundazole 0,2, usizo lwe-Azophos.
