Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zetafula, izinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe zinomqondo ophakeme wejusi kumajikijolo.
Kubo abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo, izakhi ze-physico-chemical zezithelo zomvini ziyinhloko, kuyilapho ukubukeka kwamajikijolo ngokwabo kungokwesibini.
Izinhlobo zezobuchwephesha ziyancipha kakhulu ezimweni zokunakekelwa futhi zikhulile, njengombuso, ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi. Amafomu ewayini elizenzelayo aphinde abe nokukhetha ukuba nomhlabathi wezingqimba eziningana zamagilebhisi anjalo.
Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezizithandayo kakhulu zabalimi.
Mayelana ezihlukahlukene "Muscat white"
Ngaphezu kweyodwa, leli gama lahlangana nathi ebhodleleni lewayini, elibonisa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zihlukahlukene efanelekayo yokwenza iwayini le-dessert kanye netafulakanye namanzi. Amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo anezici ezihlukahlukene zokudla okunambitheka kanye nenyama enomsoco enenani elincane lembewu.
Amaqabunga ahlukaniswa yizinsimbi ezinkulu kanye nezitshalo ezilula, umkhawulo weqabunga uphinde uqokomiswe.
Ukukhiqiza kuguquka phakathi kuka-60-100 c / ha. Ama-cluster anesimo se-cylindrical nobukhulu obujwayelekile. Ubuningi bomuntu ngamunye bungaba kusuka ku-100 ukuya kuma-450 g, ubude buhluka kusuka ku-13 kuya ku-17 cm.
Igama lokuvuthwa yizinsuku eziyi-140 (kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula ukuvuna). I-Muscat iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene ephuzile.
Izinzuzo zalezi zihlukahlukene zikhona okuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu amajikijolo kanye nephunga elimnandi elimnandi, elihlukanisa kahle izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, futhi livumela ukuba libe yinto enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza amawayini ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingadliwa fresh futhi njengoba amathebula amathebula.
Ububi bezinhlobonhlobo kubandakanya ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ukumelana nokushisa kwamaqhwa nokukhwabanisa.
Indawo yokutshala leli grape kufanele ikhethwe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, kunikezwe izici zayo. Lokhu kufanele kube isakhiwo esivikelwe imimoya ebandayo, inhlabathi enezinyosi ezinomsoco kanye nokuqoqa iqhwa elihle.
Izinsuku zokufika ekwindla - kusukela ekupheleni kukaSeptember kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Sikukhumbuza ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi kuphela ama-saplings alungiselelwe kahle ebusika asetshenziswa. Ngomuthi wezimpande othuthukile kanye nomvini ovuthiwe.
Ngentwasahlobo, ukutshala kwenzeka ngemva kokuba inhlabathi iqhume (kuze kufike ku-12º C) nomoya (kufika ku-18º C), ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphela kuka-Ephreli, kodwa konke kuxhomeke esifundeni.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphezulu, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise impova eyengeziwe (mhlawumbe nge-pollen ekutshaleni izinhlobo). Ukulwa nokuqina kwezihlahla ngokuqhekeza amahlumela amancane angafuneki, nokulawula ukukhula kwamahlathi ahlanganisiwe, ungawavumeli ukuba aye ezimpandeni zawo, okungenzeka uma ungakhiqizi katarovka ngesikhathi.
U-Aligote - omunye umvini wegama elifanayo lewayini
Ngokungafani namagilebhisi ama-muscadine, lokhu okuhlukahlukana akunawo ukunambitheka okuqondile futhi kunambitha ongeyona elula enganciphisi ukubaluleka emehlweni abo abaqashile, futhi ikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke nokuthatha isikhundla esiphambili kule mboni.
Izici ezihlukanisa lezi zinhlobonhlobo ngumbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka weqabunga, emaphethelweni awo awela phansi, nombala obomvu wewayini wamahlumela neziqu. Isivuno sino-90-140 kg / ha. Le bunch ingafinyelela ku-15 cm ubude no-10 cm ngobubanzi. Isisindo esilinganisweni singama-gram angu-105. Amajikijolo anombala ophuzi obomvu nokubomvu.
Ukuvuthwa ekuqaleni kwephakathi - izinsuku ezingu-130. Ukuvuna kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.
Kuya izinzuzo Izakhi zomvini zingabalwa, nakuba zivuthiwe kakhulu kuneMascat ezimhlophe, kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuqukethwe kwamanzi amajikijolo (78%).
Ukungalungi ziyizi: ukutholakala kwe-gray grey and mildew, isilinganiso se-frost ukumelana, nakuba kuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhluka okudlule, kanye nezimfanelo ezithuthukayo eziphansi.
Indawo ekahle yokubhekana nalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi iseduze namabhande asehlathini, lapho iqhwa limbozwe khona futhi kukhona ukuhlala okugcwele isikhathi eside ngomswakama. Lokhu kuyobe kuphuza ukukhululwa kwezinso. Izofanelana inhlabathi ekhanyayo enezimpawu ezinhle zamanzi. Ezindaweni ezinqamula emanzini asezintabeni zinconywa inhlabathi exutshwe nama-debris debris.
Izinsuku zokutshala zifana nezinye izinhlobo zemagilebhisi. Ekwindla - ngaphambi kokuqala kwama-frosts, nasentwasahlobo - kuze kube sekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi nomoya livuselela ngokwanele.
Ukunakekelwa ngokufanayo kufana nezinye izinhlobo, ngaphandle kwezinye izici: entwasahlobo, imifucumfucu kumele ikhutshwe ngaphambi kokujwayelekile, ngoba ukuhluma okulindelekile kulezi zinhlobonhlobo kuvuswa ekuqaleni, futhi ukukhula okuchichimayo kuyothinta kakhulu amandla esihlahla . Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sale nqubo siwela ngoMeyi 8-10.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana namagilebhisi angcono kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow
Ibanga lamagilebhisi "u-Isabella"
Akukho muntu ongazange azwe ngalezi zinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi. Naphezu kokuthi embonini lolu hlobo lwensimbi selusetshenziswe kaningi, kodwa kufanelekile ukuthi unikeze isihloko "sezilwane", futhi sisalokhu sithandwa phakathi kwabakwa-winemakers basekhaya.
Amagilebhisi amagilebhisi anomumo wesibindi, kaningi awunzima kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngamasayithi amancane. Amajikijolo ayimnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebizwa ngokuthi i-wax yembatho, isikhumba singcono kakhulu, inyama ine-flavour.
Umkhiqizo wezingu-70 kg / ha. Isilinganiso samabhande wesisindo kusuka ku 130 kuya ku-150 amagremu.
Igama lokuvuthwa liphakathi futhi lihluka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-150-180. Izihlahla zinamandla futhi zidinga ukusekelwa ngendlela yocingo elululwe noma ezinye izinto ezigxilile.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokuthi "zinama-pluses" anele, ngaphandle kwalokho angeke abe nesimo esiphambili phakathi kwezinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe isikhathi eside kangaka.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ukungahloniphi kwezinhlobonhlobo emhlabathini, phezulu frost ukumelana (ukuhlukahluka akukwazi ukumboza ubusika), ukumelana okuhle nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Emzimbeni womuntu, umane nje ugcinwe izinto ezizuzisayo ezinomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezitho ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo.
Kodwa "u-cons" nazo ziyatholakala. Isibonelo, emazweni athile, lesi sivini sinesikhathi esithile esinqatshelwe, njengento eluhlaza yokwenza iwayini, ngenxa ye okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-methanol. Ukuphikisana okuningi kuya kuleli qophelo, futhi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkolelo yezinkampani ngabanye ukuqeda ukuncintisana.
Noma kunjalo, siyaqhubeka sikhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene futhi sijabulela imikhiqizo esiyithole kuyo.
Isabella ezwela emlilweni oshisayoNgakho-ke, kuyoba ngcono ukuzizwa wena emhlabathini kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi. Umswakama okweqile ubekezelela kangcono kunomsoco. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuzoholela ekwindeni kwamaqabunga nezitshalo eziphansi. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi amagilebhisi azokhululeka ezindaweni eziphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunconywa ukuyihlwanyela eduze kocingo lapho ukuphuza umoya kuyobe kunqunyelwe khona.
Izinsuku zokutshala azifani nezinye izinhlobo.
Ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi nokuvikelwa emanzini, ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali amaminerali kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye, kanye nemvelo - isikhathi 1 njalo eminyakeni emibili - izigaba eziyinhloko zokunakekela lezi zinhlobonhlobo. Kunconyiwe ebusika ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi nge peat noma sawdust. Ungayinaki inqubo yokusika izivini, ngoba iyakwazi ukuqina, okuzobe sekunciphisa isivuno sayo.
Ezihlukahlukene zezobuchwepheshe ezinhle futhi ezivamile - "Chardonnay"
Izinhlobonhlobo zinamaqabunga obukhulu obuphakathi, ezinezici eziwubuningi be-convex. Amajikijolo anamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amancane amancane (kufika ku-16 mm ububanzi) nangesikhumba esincane. Inyama iyamanzi futhi iyinambitha.
Ukuthela okubonakala ngokuthi isilinganiso (50-70 c / ha). I-cluster, njengombuso, ayidluli ubuningi be-90 g, ifinyelela ubude obuba ngu-13 cm, no-10 cm ububanzi. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kusukela ekuqaleni kokuphumula kuya ekuvuneni kokuqala yizinsuku ezingu-138-140.
Isihlonipho - ukunambitha.
Izinkinga: ezihlukahlukene zithinteka yi-oidium ne-mildew, ngenani elikhulu lemvula ukujwayela ukubola, ukungenwa kahle kwama-frost, ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphambili kwezinso, okuphethwe yiqhwa.
Uthanda umhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi yobumba-isibalo. Uma utshala kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo kumasayithi aphakanyisiwe noma emathafeni asempumalanga.
Ukufika kuyenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (emva kokuphela kwesithwathwa) noma phakathi nokwindla (ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa lokuqala).
Kudingeka ukugwema ukuqina komqhele futhi ugcwale amahlumela. Inqubo yokusika izicathulo kunconywa ukuthi ushiye amehlo 10-12. Isihlahla kufanele sibe nezixhumanisi ezine zezithelo. Uma ikhulile ngaphansi kwezimo ze-viticulture engavulwa, ama-shafts afike ku-120 cm high akhiwa.
Ezihlukahlukene zamagilebhisi "I-Cabernet Sauvignon"
Enye yamagama ahlabayo, ngokuvamile avela kwi-rumor. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlobonhlobo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zewayini ezibomvu ezivele zivele, futhi lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuyisinye sezintandokazi ezithandayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa namaqabunga amahlanu anamahlumela amnyama agcwele ama-lobed aqinile futhi anamazinyo amakhulu angunxantathu. Amajikijolo ayimnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ahlanganiswe futhi agxilwe. Isikhumba sinzima futhi sinzima, ukunambitheka kwe-pulp kuqhathaniswa ne-currant, futhi kwenza iwayini libe yi-tartness ekhethekile.
Ukukhiqiza 60-90 c / ha. Isilinganiso sesisindo se-70 g, ubude - 12-15 cm, ububanzi kuya ku-8 cm.
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa ekulungiseleleni iwayini letafula izinsuku ezingu-140, kanye nokulungiselela amawayini e-dessert - izinsuku ezingu-165.
Phakathi "kwezinzuzo" ukwanda ukuqina komkhuhlane kanye nokubola okumhlophe, kanye nokunambitheka okuhlukile.
"Amaminithi" angase abe nomkhuba wokuwa kwe-ovary nokugaya amajikijolo. Ukuphikiswa kwesimo sezulu okubonakala ngokuthi isilinganiso.
Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe kangcono esimweni sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo. Kulokhu kuzoxhomeka ekunambeni kwewayini futhi kuwugcwalise ngokuqina. Okuhle kunazo zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zizozizwa emithambekeni, nakuba kungathandeki ikakhulukazi ngomhlabathi kanye nezimo ezikhulayo.
Izinsuku zokutshala azifani nezinye izinhlobo zemagilebhisi bese ziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo naphakathi kwekwindla.
Uma wenza izihlahla ezincane zamahlumela wonyaka, izithelo zamehlo aphansi ziyokhula kakhulu. Lapho kuvuna amagilebhisi amawayini aviniwe, kunconywa ukunciphisa ubude bemicibisholo yezithelo nomthwalo esihlahleni.
Okusemqoka kukhona ukuhlelwa kwe-high-shtambovye, okuncane okulenga ukukhula kwentsha. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga nobubanzi phakathi kwemigqa (3-4m), futhi kunconywa ukunciphisa amahlumela angama-5-6.
