Ukukhula isihlahla sama-apula kusuka embewini (imbewu) ngisho nasegatsheni kungumsebenzi onzima, inqubo yinde kakhulu futhi inobungozi. Ama-apula kungenzeka angabi amnandi futhi aqhamile njengasekuqaleni kwesihlahla sokuqala. Ikhwalithi yezithelo ingatholakala kuphela ngemuva kokuvunwa kokuqala, eminyakeni engaba ngu-5-15 ngemuva kokutshala.
Isihlahla se-Apple
Ukuze ukhule umuthi wekhwalithi osezingeni eliphezulu kusuka imbewu, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinto zokutshala zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ukuze kube nokukhetha okuhle phakathi kwezithombo.
Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke umuthi osukhulile ungathela izithelo iminyaka engama-40 futhi ujabulele ngezithelo ezinoshukela futhi ezihlwabusayo. Ungakhula nesihlahla esincane, unqande njalo phezulu futhi unqume amagatsha angeziwe, uthola umuthi omncane omncane omnandi wesipuni se-bonsai mini-engadini.
Ungayikhetha kanjani imbewu yokukhula?
Imbewu ekhethwe kahle yokutshala isinyathelo sokuqala sokutshala isihlahla se-apula. Ungawathenga esitolo esikhethekile sabalimi noma uqoqe endaweni yakho engadini. Imbewu kufanele ibe mnene kakhulu, ivuthiwe, ibe nombala onsundu omnyama futhi ibe nombala wesikhumba ukuze kungabikho ngisho nokukodwa okuncane kakhulu nomunye umonakalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzisusa esithelweni ngokucophelela.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokulungiselela ukutshala ngaphambi kokufika:
- Hlanza ijazi eliphakeme kakhulu, eliphazamisa ukumila ngokushesha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka imbewu emanzini afudumele imizuzu eyi-10. Kungcono ukusebenzisa isipuni sokhuni ukuze ungalimazi amathambo.
- Cwilisa izinto zokutshala emanzini efrijini lokushisa lamakamelo izinsuku ezine, uziyekele endaweni efudumele. Ungathela isisusa sokukhula kohlelo lwempande (i-sodium humate, Epin) esitsheni.
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu yinqubo yokwenza lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, beka imbewu ku-substrate ngesihlabathi kanye ne-peat (ingxenye eyodwa yembewu nezingxenye ezintathu zesihlabathi ne-peat). Zonke hlanganisa, moisturize. Qiniseka ukuthi imbewu ayithintani, ngoba uma enye yazo ibola, ukutheleleka kungasakazekela kwenye. I-Peat ingathathelwa indawo ngezinkuni izinkuni. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta, ikhabhoni ecijekile eyenziwe yasebenza ingafakwa engxube. Kuyo, shiya imbewu ye-apula ezinye izinsuku ezingama-6-7. Ngalesi sikhathi, amathambo avuvukala ngokufanele, ngemuva kokuthi edinga ukufakwa esiqandisini izinyanga ezimbili.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula ama-apula kusuka imbewu
Ukukhulisa i-apula etsheni akulula:
- Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ibhokisi elikhulu noma isitsha esinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
- Amadaya athululelwa ezansi. Ungqimba lwamanzi lungahle lube nezikhebula zasolwandle nezasemfuleni, ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile, nenhlabathi kufanele ukuthi kube ngumhlaba omnyama, ovundile, lapho-ke zonke izakhi nezakhi zokulandela umkhondo zizokwanela amahlumela.
- Ngemuva kwekubeka umhlabatsi kusuka endzaweni lesihlelelwe kuyo isihlahla.
- Kuwo wonke ama-8-10 kg womhlabathi, kuthunyelwa umanyolo owengeziwe, okubandakanya i-superphosphate 25 g, i-ash 250 g ne-potassium g g. Ngemuva kwalokho, amahlumela aqine kakhulu futhi aphakeme kunawo wonke akhethwa embewini ebunjiweyo futhi efakwa ebhokisini elijule ngamamitha ayi-15, eniselwa kakhulu. Isitsha sibekwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga, mhlawumbe ohlangothini oluseningizimu.
- Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela okuqala avele ekhaya, atshalwa emabhokisini andisiwe noma ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izimo zokutshala zezithombo zembewu
Ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa bu malunga ne-15 cm, futhi phakathi kokutshala impahla 3 cm, ukujula - 2,5 cm.
Umhlaba udinga ukugcwala, kepha waniselwa ngokucophelela.
Lapho kwakhiwa amaqabunga amahlumela, angatshalwa, futhi kungakuhle ukuthi kususwe ngokushesha amahlumela angenamandla kanye nezihlahla zasendle ezingama-apula. Umehluko wabo ovela ezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi anamaqabunga amancane anemibala egqamile futhi ameva esiqwini. Ezithelweni - amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, ancishiselwe kancane, umphetho ugobile. Azikho ameva nemiphunga esiqwini, izinso zibekwa ngokulandelana. Ngemuva kokutshala, ibanga phakathi kwezinqubo kufanele libe ngu-10 cm.
Unyaka ngamunye olandelayo, isitsha sezithombo kufanele sikhuliswe, njengoba uhlelo lwempande lukhula. Kufanele iniselwe njalo, igwema ukubonakala kwesigaxa esomile, ngaphandle kwamanzi, umuthi uzofa noma uyeke ukukhula. Kwanele ukunisela kanye ngeviki.
Njengokugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlahla esisha sama-apula, umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus uzohamba, khona-ke amaqabunga ayoyeka ukukhula futhi izinkuni zivuthwe kangcono.
Awungeke usebenzise izengezo ze-organic, ngoba ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungakhula kubo, noma isitshalo sitshiswe kanzima, kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni somanyolo onjalo nge-humus. Ngaphambi kokugqoka okuphezulu, kufanelekile ukukhulula inhlabathi futhi uyithulule kakhulu.
Vula ukufakelwa
Imvamisa umuthi omncane we-apula ugcinwa ekhaya iminyaka emi-4, uma kungenakwenzeka ukuwufaka kusakhiwo sengadi. Ukufakelwa okunjalo kuvame ukwenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma ekwindla, okungcono ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kufanele ukhethe indawo efaneleyo yokungena.
Njengoba isihlahla sama-apula eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula sikhula ngenkuthalo ngohlelo lwezimpande, indawo kufanele ibe nkulu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ubukhona bamanzi aphansi komhlaba ukuze adlule ekujuleni okungenani kwemitha eyi-1 ukusuka ebusweni. Inqubo yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile iyafana nokutshala izithombo ezithengiwe kusuka enkulisa.
Lapho ukutshala amahlumela emibhedeni, i-indent phakathi kwezithombo ingamasentimitha angama-25, naphakathi kwemigqa - amasentimitha ayi-15. Uma amahlumela eqinile, ungawatshala ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo engcebeni engadini, uma kukhona amahlumela abuthakathaka, vumela isikhathi sokuhluma esitsheni bese kuphela lapho usitshala khona umhlaba ovulekile.
Kunezigaba ezintathu zokufakelwa kwesihlahla:
- Kusuka esitsheni lapho imbewu yahluma khona ibhokisi elikhulu;
- Ngemuva konyaka wokukhula, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa kwisitsha esikhulu;
- Ukufakelwa endaweni engapheli esizeni. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isihlahla sama-apula siqale ukuletha izilimo ngaphambili.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa ngakunye, umuthi kufanele uniselwe kakhulu futhi ukhululwe umhlaba uzungeze izimpande.
Ungakhula kanjani umuthi we-apula ovela egatsheni ngezandla zakho?
Ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula egatsheni kulula kakhulu kunokukhula kusuka embewini, kepha kusenezinhlelo nemibandela yokukhula kwesihlahla esinjalo. Indlela elula ibhekwa njengeyindlela yesitoko - lapho kugatshelwa igatsha le-apula esihlahleni sezithelo. Ukugoma kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo.
Izithombo zitholakala entwasahlobo: layering (digging), layering lwendabuko noma ukhula lwenhlamvu ye-cuttings.
Ukubekwa
Uma kukhethwa indlela yokusabalalisa ngokwenziwa kwezinto, khona-ke kukhonjiswa umuthi omncane we-apula, otshalwe ekwindla, amagatsha awo kumele ahlangane nomhlabathi. Amagatsha akhethiwe ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile emhlabathini ngamabakaki ezindaweni eziningana. Izinhlobo ezisikiwe ziqhakaza eziqhakaza esiqwini, ehlobo ziyahlunyelelwa, ziniselwe bese zifafazwa ngenhlabathi entsha. Indlela le ilungele izindawo ezinesomiso sezulu esomile nemvula engandile.
Ekwindla, ungavele uthole izithombo ezinhle, kepha kufanele zinqunywe kusitshalo sikamama kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngemuva kokuhlukanisa amahlumela ahlanganisiwe, udinga ukuwatshala endaweni ehlala njalo engadini.
Kepha le ndlela ayilungele ukuthola izithombo ezihlahleni ezindala.
Ukulala komoya
Le yindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke futhi elula yokwazisa isihlahla se-apula. Igatsha elihle ngokubekwa liqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesihlahla esizayo. Akunamagatsha ekuhlolweni okuhle; umuthi wama-aphula kufanele ukhule ohlangothini olukhanyekile lwesakhiwo sengadi futhi ube nempilo ngokuphelele. Amagatsha afanele asemaceleni we-biennial ububanzi ngepensela elula.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Khetha igatsha eliqinile, ususe zonke izinso kulo bese wenza indandatho ngokususwa kwamagxolo ezansi elizungeze isiqu somjikelezo wobukhulu obuyi-2 cm. Yenza izikejana eziningana, ngakho lapho isimo sezulu esomile igatsha ngeke liphazamiseke.
- Spread the incision nge solution ukuvuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande, isibonelo, iKornevin.
- Isitolo esifudumele esine-moss, humus, komquba, amagatsha we-spruce.
- Amanzi, kepha ngokulinganisa.
- Ngemuva kokubeka isikhwama sepulasitiki kude nosayizi wesundu ongezansi kwesika noma ibhodlela lepulasitiki, bopha umgqomo ngokuphelele ngamaphephandaba amadala.
Ngaleli phethini, izimpande zakha ekwindla. Lapho-ke le ngxenye yehlumela kumele ihlukaniswe emthini we-apula futhi itshalwe esitsheni ukuze kwakhiwe ubusika. Entwasahlobo, ukusikeka kuhle kakhulu ukuzimpande emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izimbumbulu
UMeyi-Juni ulungele ukhula lwenhlanganisela eqinile nokuhluma kwezithombo. Isu lesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:
- Okokuqala usike izingcezu ezinamaqabunga cishe angama-35 cm (mhlawumbe ekuseni).
- Sika ingxenye ephakathi nezinso ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
- Ingxenye engezansi yenziwa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso, kanti engenhla iphakeme kancane.
- Beka isitsha esinomhlabathi ovundile nesihlabathi esimanzi phezulu endaweni ebamba ukushisa okusheshayo.
- Izinsika zokutshala emhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-2-3.
- Mboza nge-foil, ngasikhathi sinye uvule futhi ukhiphe umoya kabili ngesonto ngokufafaza amahlumela.
Uma ukusika kugxilwe ekwindla noma ebusika, bese kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela:
- Ukubamba phansi emanzini.
- Ekhaya esitsheni esinomhlaba ovundile noma yiziphi izimbali notshani.
- Esikhwameni sepulasitiki esiminyene, lapho ingxenye engezansi inqunywa, kwenziwa iminyango futhi kugcwaliswe inhlabathi.
- Kumazambane: ihlumela linamathele emifino futhi konke kuhlangene kwembiwa emhlabathini, bese kuvalwa imbiza phezulu.
Zonke lezi zinqubo kufanele ziqale ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithelo esihlahleni se-apula, okungukuthi ebusika.
Ungasusa kanjani izimpande egatsheni eliphukile?
Kubalulekile ukuthi igatsha eliphukile selivuthiwe, okungenani iminyaka eyi-1-2. Amagxolo akufanele alimale. Uma igatsha lide, lapho-ke lidinga ukwephulwa ezindaweni ezimbili noma ezintathu. Isiqu kufanele siphume cishe nge-16-20 cm.
- Namathisela indawo yesikhafu enduku ngosizo lwebhendi bese uyishiya kuze kufike isikhathi sentwasahlobo.
- Susa le ngubo eyenziwe ekhaya ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli bese usika igatsha ngesigamu ezindaweni zokuphuka.
- Faka amahlumela esitsheni sengilazi esimnyama emanzini ancibilikisiwe ngethitha lamalitha ama-2, engeza amalahle ocushiwe bese ubeka efasiteleni elisendlini.
- Ngenyanga, ukukhula okusebenzayo kohlelo lwezimpande kuzoqala, lapho nje ikhula ibe ngu-7 cm, kufanele itshalwe endaweni evulekile engadini futhi, mhlawumbe, ngaphansi kwegreenhouse. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo zisetshenziselwa ngokushesha izimo ezingathandeki.
- Amanzi kakhulu.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyachaza: Thatha igatsha elaphukile noma elisike?
Kusebenza kakhudlwana ukukhulisa umuthi omusha we-apula egatsheni eliphukile ngesithende.
Leli hlumela lisuka ngokushesha lisuka ezimpandeni, kuqala kube nokuqhuma, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuba igatsha ligasele kule ndawo. “Isithende” noma phansi kuyahlanzwa futhi kufinyezwe ukuze inqubo yokwakheka kwezimpande ihambe ngokushesha, ungangehlisela isigaxa esixazululweni ngesikhuthazo sokukhula kwezimpande izinsuku eziningana, ngakho-ke ithuba lokukhula ngokushesha kohlelo lwezimpande liphakeme kakhulu.
Umuthi we-apula usesihlahla esinzima sezimpande futhi zonke izindlela ezingenhla azethembisi u-100% kanye nomphumela oqinisekisiwe wokukhula kwezilimo ezinhlobonhlobo, ezitshalwe embewini, kungenzeka zingabibeki, futhi ukubekeka kungenzeka kungabi nezimpande.
Kodwa-ke, ngokukhetha okuyikho kwendlela yokusabalalisa, efanelekile ezimeni zezulu ezifanele nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwesihlahla: ukunisela, ukondla, ukukhosela ubusika nokuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izinambuzane, ungakhula isihlahla esihle sithelo.
