Emagcekeni amaningi angasese kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwezilwane zasendle. Ngokuvamile ziqukethe izinkukhu ezihlukahlukene, ezivela kuwo inyama yokudla namaqanda aphilile. Enye yezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke yi inkukhu yasePushkin. Lapho kukhishwa, ososayensi bakwazi ukufezekisa inhlanganisela ephelele yekhwalithi enhle yekhwalithi nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.
Umlando we-Inference
Iminyaka engama-30 isetshenziswe ososayensi be-Institute of Genetics edolobheni lasePushkin ekuzaleni lezi zinkukhu. Abameli bokuqala bafunyanwa ngokuwela i-motley Australorps nge-white leggorn, futhi babenomsebenzi omncane nesisindo.
Ngakho-ke, kamuva bawela nabameleli baka-Broiler-6, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izimfanelo eziphezulu zenyama. Noma kunjalo, lezi zibonelo zinezinkinga ezilodwa. Bakha amaqhubu abo aphezulu ngesikhathi seqhwa ezinzima. 
Kunqunywe ukuwawela nomhlophe waseMoscow, ngenxa yalokho ukukhiqiza izinkomo kwakuthola i-rose-like crest.
Inguqulo yokugcina yabonakala futhi yabhaliswa kuphela ngo-2007. Kusukela okhokho, le nkukhu yazuza i-egg ephakeme yokukhiqizwa kanye nesisindo esihle somzimba.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngokuhlobisa, ukulwa, inyama, amaqanda nezinkukhu zamazinkukhu.
Izici kanye nezici zohlobo
Lena izinkukhu ezinokuthula futhi ezingenakuzithoba, okulula kakhulu kokucuketfwe.
Ukubukeka
Abameleli bezinhlobo zePushkin bahluke ngezici ezinjalo zangaphandle:
- umzimba we-trapezoidal;
- flat, ebuyela emuva emsila, esifubeni esikhulu;
- amaphiko amade kancane kancane;
- umsila ophakanyisiwe kakhulu;
- imilenze yinde, ibe neminwe emine enezinhlayiya zombala omhlophe;
- ikhanda elixubile eligcwele ikhamera elibomvu elibomvu elibomvu ne-papillae engxenyeni engenhla;
- intamo ende ibhekene nokuba khona komuntu;
- ubhedu obunamaphiko obude obude nobude bendlovu;
- Iphunga elinamanzi ligcwele ukuvuvukala okumhlophe.
Umbala
Esinye sezici zesici se-Pushkin hens yi-plumage ehlukahlukene. Emadodeni, emhlophe kakhulu, nasezinkukhu - ezimnyama. Kukhona nemifanekiso emifushane. Izakhiwo zivame ukukhanya ezimhlophe.
Funda nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkukhu yenkukhu noma indlela yokwakha inkukhu yamazinkukhu ezingu-20, ukushisa inkukhu yenkukhu ebusika, ukwenza umoya we-inkukhu ngezandla zakho.
Umlingisi
Lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu lubonakala ngezici ezinjalo ekuziphatheni:
- Uzolile futhi unqabile;
- uhambisane kahle nazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Kungagcinwa nezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu;
- uma kwenzeka ingozi, abagijimi, kodwa bavele bazibophezele emhlabathini;
- Kulula kakhulu ukusingatha;
- ukuqonda kahle izidingo zabanikazi;
- i-cock in the house hen iyona eyinhloko futhi igijima "i-harem" yama-20-25 ama-hens;
- izingxabano zingase ziphakame phakathi kwama-roosters (uma zingekho izinkukhu ezanele ngokwesilisa).
Uyazi? Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, inkampani yaseMelika yenza isiphakamiso sokusebenzisa ama-lens othintana nezinyoni ezibomvu ukunciphisa ukuhlukumeza kwezinkukhu. Kodwa lokhu kwasungulwa ngenxa yokuthi ama-lens enza ukuthi izinkukhu zingaboni.
I-instinct evumayo
Nakuba ama-Pushkin ebeka izidalwa zezinkukhu nezizolile, azihlali phansi ukuze zikhuphuke izinkukhu, ngoba enye yeziphambeko zabo ukulahlekelwa yisimiso somama.
Inyoni ingase ihlale esihlahleni izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese iphonsa inzalo yayo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kusekhona okungajwayelekile, futhi lezi zinkukhu zenza izinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu. 
Izimfanelo ezikhiqizayo
Sitshilo kakade ukuthi lezi zinkukhu zihlanganisa ikhono lokukhiqiza inyama ehlwabusayo kanye nenani elanele lamaqanda.
Funda futhi ukuthi yiziphi amavithamini ukunikeza izinkukhu ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kweqanda.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda futhi uma beqala ukugijima
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ezinkukhu kuqala ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezinhlanu, ngesikhathi esisodwa isikhathi sokubeka siqala. Izinga lokukhiqiza ama-egg liphakeme kakhulu futhi liphansi kunezinkukhu zokuzala amaqanda.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, abesifazane bangaveza amaqanda ama-250-270 ngonyaka (ngezinye izikhathi 300). Uma kukhona ukudla okwanele nokukhanyisa, izinyoni zigijima ebusika. Ehlobo, amaqanda abekwe nsuku zonke.
Ikhefu elincane abangalenza ngesikhathi se-molting. Amaqanda okuqala amancane futhi anesisindo esingama-40 g, ngezinye izikhathi - 50 g. 
Kancane kancane, ezinyangeni ezingu-7, ubukhulu bube bukhulu, futhi isisindo sifinyelele ku 65 g. Emva konyaka, izibalo zingase zikhule zibe ngu-75 g. Amaqanda anesipuni esikhanyayo nesiprotheni esinyene.
Umbala wegobolondo ulula, kusuka kumhlophe nokuphuzi kuya ku-beige.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukusebenzisa kahle i-ovoscope, ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izinkukhu endaweni yokufakelwa i-incubator, kungani izinkukhu zingasithwali noma zikhukhume amaqanda, nokuthi kungani izinkukhu zingenakugcinwa emaceleni.
Ukuhamba phambili nokunambitha inyama
Isisindo sabamele abakwaPushkin siphakeme kakhulu. Inkukhu ikhula kalula ku-2 kg, futhi iqhude lifinyelela ku-3 kg (ngezinye izikhathi 3.5 kg). Ngenyama, ngokuvamile sebenzisa ama-cocks engeziwe.
Isidumbu siphulwa kalula futhi asishiyi isitho esimnyama kuso. Isikhumba sinamandla futhi silula. Ngakho-ke, izidumbu zinezethulo ezikhangayo. Inyama iyinambitha kakhulu, iphenduka umhluzi ocebile.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Abameli bezinhlobo zePushkin azidingi izimo. Bazizwa bekhululekile ngisho nasesimo sezulu esinzima.
Uyazi? ENingizimu Melika, kunezinkukhu ezithwala amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banesandulela ngculazi okwandisa inani le-pigment ye-bile egobolondo. Lokhu akuthinti izici zokusetshenziswa kanye namakhemikhali womkhiqizo.
Izidingo zeCopop
Izinkozi zezinyoni kalula ezinkukhu ezingasetshenziswanga izinkukhu, kodwa kufanele zifakwe ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwemidwebo kanye namanzi.
Izitshalo kumele zenziwe endaweni ephansi, njengoba lezi zinyoni zingaboni futhi uma zehla emaphethelweni aphakeme zibeka engozini yokulimaza izinyawo zazo. Ngakho-ke, akufanele kwenziwe okungaphezu kuka-70-80 cm (ngaphezu kwamanqanaba afakwe kuwo). 
Izansi endlini kumele zimbozwe nge-peat, sawdust noma utshani. Lezi zimbiza zigcina ukushisa ekhanda ebusika.
Igceke lokuhamba
Lezi zinkukhu azikwazi ukundiza, zihamba kancane, ngakho akudingeki ukuba zenzele ama-paddocks zazo ezinezingcingo eziphakeme nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Zizobe ziyizingxenye ezivulekile ezivulekile nge-awnings, lapho zingakwazi ukufihla khona sezulu.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba lezi zinyoni zizolile, ziphuza futhi zingagijimi engozini, kungcono ukungabakhululi ukuhamba mahhala, kodwa ukuzigcina endaweni engavinjelwe. Kuhle uma kuyoba indawo ebiyelwe ngotshani.
Ku-paddock, kufanele ube ne-tank ngesihlabathi negravel encane. Kudingekile ukubhukuda izinyoni nokudla (ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugaya). 
Indlela yokukhuthazelela umkhuhlane
Lapho bebeletha ama-Pushkin hens, banakekelwa kakhulu ekuphikeleni kwabo ekushiseni okuphansi. Ukuba khona kwamapulangwe aminyene ngokuhle phansi, imilenze ende kanye ne-ridge ebomvu kuvumela izinyoni ukuba zikhuthazelele kunzima kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! In inkukhu coops, izinga lokushisa akufanele liwe ngezansi -5 degrees, ngoba izinkukhu zizoyeka ukuqhuma.
Okumele ukondle izinkukhu ezindala
Ukuze inyoni igijime kahle futhi ibe nenyama enhle, kufanele iphethwe kahle. Kodwa njengoba lezi zinyama zibhekene nesidlo esikhulu futhi zijwayele ukudla ngokweqile, kubalulekile ukulawula inani lokudla abazidlayo, ukuze bangabi amanoni futhi bangapheli isidleke.
Izinkukhu azidingi ukudla okubizayo. Banele okusanhlamvu okwanele nokudla okujwayelekile. Udinga ukunikeza ukudla okumanzi, kodwa kufanele kudliwe cishe emaminithi angu-40, ukuze ungadli.
Ukuxuba ukudla okuhlukile kwenza inyoni ithole zonke izinto ezidingekayo. Futhi ekudleni kwakhe kufanele kube khona:
- okusanhlamvu kanye nezinhlamvu;
- imifino esisha neyilisiwe;
- inyama nenhlanzi;
- imikhiqizo yobisi (kefir noma i-cottage shizi);
- i-bone meal;
- imifino;
- igobolondo elichotshoziwe.
Ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nokunambitheka kwenyama kumele kunikezwe amavithamini. Ukondla izinkukhu kufanele kube izikhathi ezingu- 2-4 ngosuku, ukuze zingadli, kepha ungalambile. 
Ungasebenzisa le medi:
- 6-7 am - ingxenye yesithathu yezinga lokusanhlamvu nsuku zonke;
- 8-9 am - imifino ebilisiwe nge-bran;
- Amahora angu-12 - imifino ebilisiwe;
- Amahora angu-18 - konke okunye okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu.
Uma kungekho nhlobo lokuhlwanyela, khona-ke utshani noma u-hay bungaboshwa ekuhambeni. Njengemifino, nikeza i-zucchini, ithanga noma iklabishi.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zokudla zenyama zinika cishe ukudla okungaphezulu kwezingu-20% kunezingqimba.
Izinkukhu zokuzala
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, lezi zingqimba ziye zalahleka isisindo sabo sokufakelwa ukufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka ngokubeka amaqanda kuma-incubators. 
I-egg Incubation
Ngalokhu, khetha amaqanda obukhulu obukhulu, uhlanzekile futhi, ngaphandle kokukhubazeka. Isisindo singasuka ku-55 g kuya ku-70 g, kodwa sikhula kakhulu iqanda, kubika kakhulu kulokhu okuyi-incubator. Amaqanda amakhulu angabekwa ngaphansi kwenkukhu yezinye izinhlobo.
Izinto zokufaka ukufakwa ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba ibhukimakhi igcinwe ekushiseni kwama-10-15 degrees okungenani izinsuku ezingu-7. Amanani ama-Hatchability aphakeme kakhulu (90-95%). Lokhu kungenxa yemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yama-roosters, okuholela ekukhuliseni amaqanda aphezulu.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde indlela yokukhetha i-incubator, kanye nokuthi yiziphi izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-incubators "i-Cinderella", "Ukubeka", "i-Blitz" ne "Inkukhu ephelele".
Ngisho namaqanda anezikhupha ezimbili avame ukukhulelwa, kepha awasetshenziselwa ukutshala.
Izinkukhu zishaya ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-19-20. Kukhona ama-cockerels amaningi emzimbeni kunamazinkukhu.
Ukunakekela abasha
Kulezi zinkukhu ukunakekelwa kufana nezinye izinkukhu. Azidingi izimo ezikhethekile, futhi zibhekene nokukhuthazela okukhulu. Insizwa encane iyashesha futhi ihlangene.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu azikwazi ukukhipha amaqanda amabili e-yolk ngoba ayinayo isikhala esanele kugobolondo elilodwa futhi ngeke zikhule.
Ngemva kokuma, banikezwa ukudla okuqala. Ngokuvamile kaningi iqanda elibilisiwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi unamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile, njengoba izinkukhu ziqala ukuphuza ngaphambi kokudla kwazo.
Abasha banokuthula njengamalungu amadala ohlobo, ngakho akudingeki benze izithiyo eziphakeme. Ngesimo sezulu esihle, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa baqala kancane kancane ukuzijwayela emgwaqeni. Abesabi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa nokudla okuguqukayo. 
Ukudla okudlayo ku-kurchat
Izinkukhu ekuhambeni nesifiso zidla utshani nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Khula bese uthola isisindo ngokushesha. Ngokwezincomo zabalimi ezivela kokudla okunamakhemikhali, izinkukhu zinganikezwa ukuqala kwabalandeli be-"Purina" emasontweni okuqala.
Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, adluliselwa ku "Umlimi" wama-broilers. Kusukela ngenyanga eyodwa baqala ukufundisa uKK izilwane ezincane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala izinkukhu zinikezwa amaqanda nama-millet abilisiwe. Kancane kancane, imifino, amazambane abilisiwe, amafutha wezinhlanzi, inyama kanye nethambo kanye nenhlanzi enhlanzi zifakwa ekudleni.
I-Bone kanye nesidlo sezinhlanzi ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengomanyolo ophilayo.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni semifino
Enye yezinzuzo zezinkukhu zikaPushkin ukuthi zigijima iminyaka engu-3-4. Ngakho-ke, akudingekile ukuthi ushintshe njalo umhlambi, njengoba kunjalo njalo nabameleli bezinhlobo zamaqanda.
Izinzuzo nokuqeda
Njengazo zonke izinkukhu, iPushkin inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Izinzuzo zikhulu kakhulu.:
- ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kokuqala;
- izimo ezingenakulinganiswa nokuphakelayo;
- ukukhuthazela emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
- isethulo esihle kakhulu sesidumbu;
- cishe amaphesenti angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye;
- ukukhiqizwa kweqanda eliphezulu kanye nenkathi ende yokukhiqiza;
- isimo esizolile futhi esingenabungozi.
Izinkinga zalezi zinyoni zihlanganisa:- ukungakwazi ukufaka izinkukhu;
- imisebenzi ephakeme yama-roosters (lokhu kungabalwa njengokunye, ngoba umsebenzi uqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuzala amaqanda);
- ukwandisa ukudla nokuthambekela ekudleni ngokweqile (inkukhu enamafutha iyeka ukukhala), ngakho-ke udinga ukulawula inani lokudla;
- ukungakwazi ukubalekela engozini.
Funda futhi ukuthi i-rooster ikhulela kanjani inkukhu.
Naphezu kokushiyeka okuthile, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zibhekwa njengendlela engcono yokuhlala egcekeni langasese. Iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yasetshenziselwa abalimi ngesizathu esihle. Ngenxa yalokho, sinenyoni yonke ephethe amaqanda amnandi futhi amaqanda amakhulu, kanye nokunambitheka komzimba omuhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kulula ukugcina nokungahlehlisi kokuqukethwe. Thola lezi zinkukhu uzibonele!
