Isisusa sokubola kwama-apula yisifo fungal, i-moniliosis, esithinta izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo.
Ukulwa nale nkinga kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubuhlungu. Kepha ukwenza izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvimbela nokwelapha kungasiza futhi kuzosiza ekusindiseni ukuvuna.
Uhlobo lwe-moniliosis
Ukusakazeka kwe-moniliosis kwenzeka ngama-fungal spores, amelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa impela futhi asinde ebusika. Lesi sifo siziveza hhayi kuphela ekuwohlokeni kwezithelo, kepha nasekomiseni izimbali namagatsha.
Izigaba zomsebenzi wokungunda
I-Moniliosis ihamba ngezigaba ezimbili zokuthuthuka:
- I-Conidial - isigaba somsebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhunta esihlangene, esakhiwa ngama-conidia (amangqamuzana ezakhi zofuzo anomthelela ekusakazekeni kwawo), singena kuzo zonke izingxenye zomuthi. Imvamisa bampunga. Isigaba esisebenzayo senzeka esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, izinga lokushisa elithandekayo lingaphezu kuka + 15 ° C, kusebenze ku + 25 ... + 28 ° C, umswakama 70-90%.
- I-Sclerotic - isigaba sokuphumula. Ebusika, isikhunta sigcinwa emthini, imvamisa ngesimo se-mycelium noma sokuncishwe izidumbu ngezithelo.
Izinhlobo ze-moniliosis
Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Izithelo bola. Kutholwe ukusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke insimu yaseRussia. Umenzeli we-causative yi-fungus Monilia fructigena. Ukungena kwezinhlamvu zayo kwenzeka ngomonakalo wezithelo. Kuma-apula, amafomu amabala ansundu angama-2-3 mm. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu baba ngothambile futhi onsundu ngokuphelele. Ukushisa okuphezulu, umoya nomswakama kufaka isandla ekusakazekeni okuqhubekayo. Uma lokhu kungaphansi kwama-60%, amabala aqandeka futhi umbungu ube mnyama.
- Ukushiswa kwezimilo. Njengoba isatshalaliswa eningizimu, kude neMpumalanga Ekude, ibanga iMonilia cinerea. I-fungus isakazeka izimbali, ama-ovari, amagatsha. Ziba nsundu futhi zomile.
Izimbangela zokutheleleka
I-Moniliosis yezihlahla yenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- Amagxolo alimile ngenxa yezinambuzane noma ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwamathuluzi engadi.
- Izihlahla ezigulayo endaweni, i.e. ukudluliselwa kokutheleleka kusuka kwamanye amaphareli asenegciwane noma izihlahla ze-apula.
- Isimo esibuthakathaka njengezinye izifo.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla se-apula azilivikeli ukutheleleka.
- Ukwehluleka ukulandela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, isb. Ukutshala okungalungile, ukuchelela, ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokuvimbela.
- Isitoreji esingalungile, indawo ekhethiwe ingaba izizathu zokutheleleka.
Ukuvimbela iMoniosis
Ukuvimbela izifo kuqala noma uthenga nokutshala isithombo esiseduze:
- Bathenga okuhlukahlukene okumelana ne-moniliosis, isibonelo, i-Idared, iRenet, uJonathan, uPepin Saffron, uServvyanka, uFlorina, njll.
- Izihlahla zezithelo zitshalwa ngemuva kwamamitha amathathu, hhayi eduze.
Izinyathelo zonyaka zenziwa entwasahlobo.
- Umuthi we-apula uhlolwa ngokucophelela. Susa amagatsha omile futhi alimele. Bakha umqhele, bakhipha amagxolo avela ngaphandle, amalensi, amboze ukulimala ngezinhlobo zasengadini noma ngopende omhlophe, amhlophe ngesiqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi ngodaka olumhlophe.
- Imfucumfucu yezitshalo esele kusukela ngonyaka owedlule iyasuswa, bese kuthiwe umgodi wesqubhu eduze kwesihlahla.
- Sebenzisa umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezisencane ziphathwa ngeziqalo zokwakheka kwezimpande (iCornerost, Heteroauxin).
- Ukunisela njalo, ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi oqhubekayo.
- Baphathwa ngamakhemikhali aqhamuka ezinambuzaneni nezinye izifo ezifakelayo ekusakazekeni kwe-moniliosis (Embrelia, sulfate yethusi).
Ukwelashwa
Izimpawu zesifo zivele ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokutheleleka. Ngalesi sikhathi, usengalwa nale ukhunta, kuze kube yilapho izinhlamvu zaso sezisabalale ngokwengeziwe. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi kamuva, kuzoba nzima ukwenza.
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4itmXsMoe4
Izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-moniliosis
Ukulwa nalesi sifo, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi amakhemikhali nawabantu kuyasiza.
Amakhemikhali
I-Moniliosis inconywa ukuthi ilashwe ngale mithi elandelayo:
- I-Bordeaux ketshezi - 3% ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, 1% - phakathi, ngemuva nangemuva kokuqhubeka kwamasonto amabili, ukuze ukwelashwa kokugcina kwenzeke futhi isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
- I-Chorus, i-Skor - yandisa ukungavikeleki kwesihlahla, ichitha kathathu ukucutshungulwa, yeka ngesikhathi sezimbali nezinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
- I-Embrelia umuthi oyinkimbinkimbi osiza ekulweni hhayi nge-moniliosis kuphela, kepha futhi nezinye izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Cubungula kuze kube kathathu ngesikhawu esingaba amasonto amabili. Akugezwa imvula.
- Ikhaya - 40 g ngamalitha ayi-12 amanzi. Kucutshungulwa ngenkathi kuvela amaqabunga, bese emva kokuqhakaza izimbali.
- Abiga Peak - ukusetshenziswa okukodwa ngesikhathi sokukhula, njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-20.
- Stroges - ukufafaza kabili ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Misa inyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
Amakhambi esintu
Ungazinaki izindlela zabantu:
- I-Copper sulfate - 100 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, asetshenziswa ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa.
- I-Copper chloride (esikhundleni seBordeaux) - fafaza izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimbali nangemva kwalokho.
- Isibabule se-Colloidal - 100 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwezinso.
- Ingxube yensipho yokuwasha ngefenisha - 2 tbsp. insipho, amalitha ama-2 kaphalafini kulitha 1 lamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho le khambi lihlanjululwe ngamanzi 1: 2.
Amathiphu wokwelapha
Kunemithetho eminingana okufanele icatshangelwe lapho welapha umuthi we-apula nge-moniliosis:
- Ukugwema ukushiswa yilanga kanye namakhemikhali okushisa kwegxolo, kubalulekile ukufafaza ekuseni, kusihlwa noma isimo sezulu esinamafu.
- Noma kunamalungiselelo amelana nokulwa nodoti, ungawaphathi ngaphambi nangemvula.
- Udinga ukufafaza ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulahleka kwesakhiwo esisodwa esihlahleni.
- Lapho unciphisa umuthi, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo.
