Ukusika izikhonkwane

Iphakathi kwekhasika ngokufanele: izici zokuqeda, uhlelo, amathuluzi

I-pear iyisiko engadini elihlwabusayo futhi eliwusizo elijabulisa izingane nezingane.

Ikhasi elikhulile ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, amapulazi amakhulu nezindawo zemifino emikhulu. Izithelo zalesi sihlahla zithandeka kakhulu, zinamanzi futhi zitholile.

Zisetshenziselwa ukusha, futhi nokucubungula (ukwenza i-marmalade, ijusi ne-jam). Ekulimeni, ukusika izihlahla zezithelo kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo kuxhomeke khona. Lesi siko sithanda kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga, okuyinto enhle ngokuzala kwayo.

Uma uzibuza ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka sokusika amapheya, sizozama ukukutshela ngazo zonke izici zokusika izikhathi ezithile.

Sika amapheya ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene: sikhuluma ngezici nesikhathi sesikhathi ngasinye

Kukhona Izikhathi eziningana zokusika izihlahla zezithelo: entwasahlobo, ekwindla, ehlobo nasebusika. Inhloso yokwenza izihlahla ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukulawula ukuhluma nokukhula kwesitshalo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya komqhele, ukususa amagatsha omile, aphukile kanye nezifo.

Ukudubula kwenza kube lula ukukhula umuthi wokukhula okudingekile ngesikhuni esihle, esihlala isikhathi eside esizokwazi ukubhekana nesisindo esikhulu sesisitshalo, nokugcina umkhiqizo nokuhlanjululwa kwezinkuni isikhathi eside, qala ukuhluma ngesikhathi futhi uthole izithelo eziphezulu.

Ukuze imiphumela yokwenza izihlahla ingadabukisi umlimi, kufanelekile ukucabangela izici ze-pear ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokuvamile, ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa uma ama-frosts adlulile futhi isikhathi sokukhula singakaqali. Kodwa amanye amagama abalulekile. Masikhulume ngomunye wabo ngokuhlukile.

Incazelo egcwele yenqubo yokusika izikhonkwane entwasahlobo

Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ukusika izihlahla kukhishwa ngesikhathi lapho amaqhwa amaqhawe adlula, kepha isikhathi esikhulayo asikatholi ukusebenza.

Sibeka imithetho eyisisekelo yokusika izihlahla, ukuze kungabangela umonakalo emthini wezithelo

• Ukusika ukusebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-shears enohlangothi olubukhali kakhulu, ngoba izihlahla ezinkulu zisebenzisa i-hacksaw. Ngemva kokukhipha amagatsha omuthi, wonke amadivaysi kufanele avezwe nge-disinfected ngezinto eziqukethe utshwala.

• Inqubo yokusika iziqalo iqala ngokunciphisa umqhele wesihlahla, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyelela kahle kwemoya nokukhanya.

• Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa isikhala esiphakathi cishe kwesine. Ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uzovumela ukwakha umuthi omelele isitsha.

• Le nqubo yokunakekelwa komuthi kufanele yenziwe ngesikhathi sokushisa kwezinga elingaphansi kwama-5 ° C.

• Ngemva kokusika amagatsha, amaphuzu aqunyiwe kufanele agcobe. Izinto ezilandelayo zifanelekile lokhu: i-linseed yamafutha, upende wamafutha, umgodi wensimu kanye ne "Rannet". Lezi zinsuku nazo zifanelekile ukungeniswa kwezindawo ezilinakele.

• Kukhona izindlela zokunciphisa ezimbili: uthathe phezu kwendandatho bese unciphisa amagatsha. Indlela yokuqala yile ndlela elandelayo: ukusika kwenziwa ngaphansi kwendandatho, isb. esisebeni legatsha. Ukuze ugweme ukuvulwa kwamagxolo, okokuqala yenza ukunciphisa, bese ubeka ingqikithi esemqoka. Lapho unciphisa amagatsha, ukukhula kwamahlumela ase-lateral kusheshayo, futhi amaqabunga atholakala ngaphansi kwezicucu ziqala ukuvusa.

• Kudingekile ukucabangela ukuthi amagatsha aphakathi kwamapulazi akhula, hhayi nje kuphela, kepha futhi aphezulu. Kusukela kulokhu kulandela ukuthi kubalulekile ukusekela amahlumela akhula ngokuzungezile, futhi kubalulekile ukuqeda amahlumela asebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Amagatsha asezingeni eliphansi anqunywe, njengoba engenzi lutho.

• Uma ukhipha izihlahla entwasahlobo, kuvunyelwe ukwengeza umquba we-nitrojeni, ngoba isiko ngalesi sikhathi susa zonke izakhi zomhlabathi.

• Ngesikhumba esilungile sokhuni, ngonyaka ozayo zonke izindawo zokusika zizobe zigcinile, isiko sizoba sempilo futhi sizoqala ukunikeza isivuno esicebile.

Izihlahla eziphakathi kwehlobo: iyini le nqubo?

Izihlahla zemifino zasehlobo zihlanganisa ukuncibilikisa (ukuphoqa), okungukuthi, ekukhipheni amahlumela ekhulayo emagqumeni. Ukunamathisela okwenziwe ngezipikili, futhi kwezinye izimo, lapho ususa ukuphunyuka okuningi, izingubo.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-pinion inomthelela omkhulu esihlahleni. Isikhathi eside sinikezelwe ukwenza le nqubo. Kodwa le nqubo yokwenza izihlahla yenza kube ukonga kakhulu ukusebenzisa izakhi ezifaka isitshalo. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi uma ukuxuba, ubude obudingekayo behlumela bufinyeleleka ngokumisa ukukhula kwawo, kanti ukudubula komnyaka owodwa kufinyelelwe entwasahlobo ezayo, ingxenye ephawulekayo yayo isusiwe, ngoba kwakhiwa kakade izakhi.

Ukusabela kwesitshalo sesitshalo sokuncibilikisa kuncike esikhathini salo:

• Uma i-pinning yenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okujulile (inyanga kaJuni), khona-ke ukukhula kwamahlumela okukhula ngokushesha kuyashesha. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni okusha, kusukela emahlumela axillary amahlumela ekhonjiwe, amahlumela asehlobo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokukhula kwamahlumela abuthakathaka, akhiwe kude namahlumela abanjelwe kuwo, futhi amaqabunga amaqabunga aguqulwa abe izithelo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-pinning ayinayo impumelelo emihle ngesikhathi esizayo somuthi, okuyinto ephazamisa ubusika besitshalo.

• Ukunamathela futhi kuphelela ekupheleni kokunciphisa ukukhula kwehlumela. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudubula ukuvuthwa kuhle futhi ama-budilla axillary athuthuke kangcono.

Ukwehliswa kwekwindla: yini okuyisisekelo kanye nezici eziyinhloko

Esikhathini sekwindla ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-September. Yithwala kuphela ngezinhlobo eziphakathi noma ezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya, okuyinto, njengomthetho, ziyi-long livers. Uma le nqubo iqhutshwa ngesikhathi futhi ngokunembile, ngonyaka ozayo uzothola isivuno esikhulu kakhulu.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokusika amapheya ekwindla

Ngaphandle kwalokho angeke akwazi ukusika ngokushesha umuthi, ngenxa yokuthi izophonsa yonke impi yayo ngokululama okukhulu futhi izothumela amahlumela amaningi aqondile, okuyinto engakapheli iminyaka emibili izokhipha ukuphakama kwangaphambilini. Okukhethwa kukho kungaba ukuhlukanisa le nqubo ngezikhathi eziningana, ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye eyodwa kufanele inqunywe lokhu kuwela futhi okulandelayo kufanele kunqunywe.

• Ukudubula ekwindla kufanele kwenziwe ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C.

• Okokuqala, susa amahlumela akhula engxenyeni engama-90 ukusuka esihlahleni. Kuphela emva kwalokho lezo ezikhula ngokufana noma ezizungeze ku-trunk ziyasuswa.

• Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma usususa amagatsha, ungaqedi okweqile futhi ungashiyi iziqu. Okuphawulekayo kulokhu ukugeleza kwesikhala samagxolo, okubonakala ngokucacile phansi kwamagatsha akhulayo. Kule ndawo lapho kunezicubu eziphulukisa futhi zivuselele izinkuni ikakhulukazi ngokushesha. Uma isitshalo sishiywe noma amagatsha ahlehlisiwe kakhulu, isihlahla sizophilisa isikhathi eside kakhulu.

• Ukusika amagatsha okungaphezu kuka-3 cm ubukhulu kufanele kwenziwe kanje: ukuqala, ukusika kusukela phansi, futhi emva nje ukuthi ungakwazi ukusika kusuka phezulu. Uma lokhu kungacatshangelwa, amagxolo ngaphansi kwegatsha eliqothukile angonakaliswa, ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye engavunyelwanga nayo ingakwazi ukuphula ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo.

• Njengasesikhathini sokusika izihlahla, indawo yokubheka kufanele iphathwe nge-garden pitch noma ezinye izinto ezikhethekile. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, lesi sihlahla sizoqala ukukhala, okuzohlanganisa ukukhangwa kwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezizophazamisa lesi sihlahla kabi.

• Emva kokusika izihlahla, akufanele ukondle isitshalo, njengoba umuthi uzothatha izakhi ezondla ukudla ezimpandeni zawo.

Ukusika izihlahla: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungayisebenzisi yini kule nkathi, nokuthi kuthinta kanjani izihlahla

Ukusika izikhonkwane ngalesi sikhathi akukhuthazwa nhlobo. Kusukela izinga lokushisa elibusika eliphansi lingaba nethonya elibi kakhulu esitshalweni. Amagatsha anqunywe, hhayi nje kuphela angenawo isikhathi sokuphulukisa, kepha angase afe nokushisa. Ukusika izihlahla kusetshenzwa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuze kuqale kukaMashi, lapho umuthi uphumule.

Ibonisa ubusika obusika

• Njengazo zonke izikhathi zokusika izihlahla, kufanele kwenziwe nge-pruner, umshini wokugcoba noma ubonwe.

• Kubalulekile ukuqala ukusika izihlahla ngokususa, ukufa, ukubuthakathaka nokuhlunga, amagatsha abagulayo nabonakalisiwe.

• Kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi komuthi uvulekele ukususa amagatsha amakhulu. Uma udinga ukususa amagatsha amakhulu ambalwa, ke le nqubo kufanele ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zasebusika.

• Ebusika, ungasusa amagatsha amaningi kakhulu futhi asuse ukuphakama kwesihlahla.

• Ngokuvamile ukusika izihlahla ngoFebhuwari ngo -15 ° C.

• Baqala le nqubo ngamapheya amadala, ngoba amaqabunga awo avuswa ngaphambi kwalabo abancane.

• Ukuze isilonda siphuluke ngokushesha futhi singabi iqhwa ebusika, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elihlanzekile nelinyumba, futhi emva kokudubula ukuphatha amanxeba nge-pitch engadini.

Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamapheya.

Inqubo yokusika izikebhe ezindala nezincane, uyini umehluko wabo. Uhlelo lokusika eliphakathi kwePear, futhi yimaphi amathuluzi asetshenziselwa le nqubo

Ukusika izikhonkwane kwenzelwe ukuthuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo nokuthola ilanga elengeziwe. I-Agrotechnics ithi izihlahla ezithengiswayo zingaphansi kwesimo sobuchwepheshe. Ukudubula kuqhutshwa kokubili amapereyari amadala nezinsana, incazelo eningiliziwe yezinqubo zonke ozothola ngezansi, kanye nokuthi yimaphi amathuluzi adingekayo kulokhu, futhi yiluphi uhlelo lokusika izihlahla ezisetshenziswayo.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zokusika i-pear elidala noma indlela yokwandisa impilo yomuthi

Ukusika izihlahla zamapheya ezindala ngezinye izikhathi kuyingozi emithini endala evundile. Kodwa kaningi, ukuze ubuyele empilweni, ifomu nokuhluma esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukufeza izinyathelo zokulwa nokuguga, okuyizona zokusika izikhonkwane. Ngezinye izikhathi insimu isuka komunye umnikazi kuya komunye, kanti owokuqala wayengalokothi anakekele izihlahla, ngenxa yokuthi zakhula, kodwa izithelo ezincane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza imisebenzi yokusika izikhonkwane ezindala.

Ngezinye izikhathi kunesidingo sokunciphisa ikhasi elilodwa uma umuthi ukhulile kakhulu. Futhi uma leli peyari ligcinwa futhi ukuphakama kwalo kufana nokuphakama okujwayelekile okuvuna, umlimi wensimu uqala inqubo yokuvuselela umuthi ngokugcoba umqhele. Lo mcimbi kumele uqale ngasekupheleni kwebusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga namaqabunga aqale ukwakha.

Okokuqala, unqume amagatsha agulayo, aphukile, acwebile futhi angenabuthi. Lokhu kuzovumela imisebe yelanga ukuba ikhanyise kangcono umqhele wesihlahla, futhi uzobona inani elisele lomsebenzi okudingeka lenziwe. Bese ususe amahlumela okweqile, amahlumela akhula nge-angle ekhangayo noma efana nomqhele wesihlahla, kanye namahlumela omncintiswano. Ezinye zezihlumela ezisele zinganciphisa, bese uphatha amanxeba amasha nge-decoction.

Uma uvuselela kahle leli peyari elidala, lingagcina umuthi ekuwehleni. Konke kungenzeka ukuthi emva kokuvuselelwa kwepeyari endala, angeke ulethe isitshalo esikhulu ekuqaleni, noma ngisho unikeze izithelo ezincane, kodwa ungakhathazeki, akusiyo kuze kube phakade.

Ukudubula amapheya amancane, yiziphi izici okudingeka wazi uma ubambe lesi senzakalo

Isihlahla sokuqala sokubhakabhaka amapheya amancane senziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala imbewu futhi ngokushesha yenza imisebenzi emibili:

• Uma isitshalo sitshalwe, uhlelo lwayo lwempande lonakalisiwe, futhi ukudla okunomsoco kungathuthukiswa ngokunciphisa amagatsha.

• Ithebhu yokuqala ye-pear scheme yokwehlisa, ukunciphisa umqhubi.

Ekwindla, ngonyaka wokutshala izithombo zamapheya, ukusika akukwenziwa, asikho isidingo salokhu. Uma wenza konke ngokulungile ngonyaka wokuqala wokusika izikhonkwane, khona-ke ikusasa lizokhula kahle futhi lifake umqhele walo, okudinga kuphela ukusika izihlahla ezindala. Lapho usika i-pear encane, umqhubi kumele abe mkhulu kunezihlumela ezihlutshiwe, okuzobe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwesihlahla.

Ukusika izikhonkwane ezindala kunonyaka owodwa kuqhutshwa izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka, okuthinta kakhulu ukunyuka kwezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha amasha amakhulu lapho izithelo zezithelo zikhula khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zifinyezwe ngu-25% ubude obuphelele. Okulandelayo, abalimi kufanele balinake iziqongo. Zakhiwa njalo, ikakhulukazi emva kwesikhathi sasebusika.

Izindwangu zingakhula ngokushesha zibe ngamagatsha amakhulu, okwenza kakhulu umqhele womuthi, ngakho entwasahlobo ziguqulwa zibe ngamagatsha ahlambalaza namagundane, kanti ezinye zazo kufanele ziqedwe ngokuphelele. Uma ebusika kwakukhona ama-frosts amakhulu, futhi izinkuni ezingaphezu kwamaqanda amaqanda bese amaqabunga ekhula kabi emthini, amahlumela emagatsheni amacembe ayokhula kahle. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuba unqume yonke into engaphezulu kwezingqongqo ngenxenye yawo.

Futhi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kwakhiwa amagatsha, okwenza ukuba kubuyiselwe umqhele wesihlahla. Ngonyaka wesine wokuphila kwamapheya amancane, wabeka eceleni kwesibili. Futhi emva konyaka wesihlanu, ukukhula konyaka kuzokwehla, ngenxa yalokhu ukuncishiswa kwamagatsha kuyodingeka kwenziwe ngokulinganisela.

Uhlelo lokusika eliphakathi kwekhasi noma ukuthi kwenzekani

Ngomfana omncane osemusha, oneminyaka eyodwa ubudala, isiqu sinqunywe ku-25% sobude obuphelele, lokhu kwenziwa ukuhlanganisa umqhele wesihlahla. Amahlumela eseceleni nawo ancishisiwe, kodwa kuphela kuFuthiwe. Ngemuva komunye unyaka wokuphila, isihloko se-trunk esiyinhloko sinqunywe ngama-25-30 cm, futhi amagatsha anqunywe ngamasentimitha angu-6-8. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngendlela efanele imithi, amagatsha aphansi kumele ashiywe isikhathi eside kunamaphesenti angaphezulu. Ukuze fruiting omuhle, isimo somuthi kufanele sibe ngesimiso sepiramidi.

Ngemuva kokudlula lezi zinqubo izihlahla zenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Isigaba sokuqala se-sanitary ngenyanga ka-Mashi. Isisekelo salo ukususwa kwamagatsha omile nesifo.

• Isigaba sesibili sokwenza, kwenzeka cishe amasonto amabili emva kokuqala. Lapho ukhula i-pear, izinga lapho amahlumela ebonakala khona buthaka. Khona-ke ukusika okuklama noma okuyinhloko kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.

Amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa amapheya

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko yale nqubo, zonke izivande, ziyi i-pruner Zisetshenziselwa ukususa amagatsha ngobukhulu obungaba ngu-2 cm ububanzi, futhi abakhulu kakhulu basebenzisa i-lopper. Umehluko phakathi kwe-prun prun ne-pruner yukuthi owokuqala ude kunomuthi.

Abanye balimi benza izihlahla ummese - kunzima kakhulu. Into eyinhloko ukuthi wayenekhasi elihle, elibukhali. Kukhona nemivimbo engadini ekhethekile eyenzelwe izihlahla ezincane, ezisetshenziselwa ukusika izihlahla.

Futhi isetshenziselwa ukugoqa futhi ama-saws. Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda amagatsha amakhulu. Kodwa sebenzisa le jadini ekhethekile, futhi akulula. Umehluko wabo wukuthi insimu ihloselwe ukunciphisa amagatsha aphilayo. Yonke ithuluzi lesigodi kumele libukhali futhi libophe.