I-Epiphyllum iyimbali ethandekayo yaphakade evela emndenini we-cactus, i-genus Epiphytes. Emvelweni, izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili. Kuhunyushelwe kolimi lwesiGreek ngokuthi "imbali emaqabunga." Izindawo zokuhanjiswa - iNingizimu neCentral America, subtropics of Africa, Mexico. Ikhula lapho ngeziqu zezihlahla namagatsha. Ngokungafani nezitshalo ezithola amandla ezicutshini ze- "host", idla ngokwayo. Kusetshenziswa njengembali yegumbi, umhlobiso wensimu, i-balcony, i-loggia.
Isisho se-Epiphyllum
Iziqu ezinde futhi eziguquguqukayo ze-epiphyllum ziyizicaba, kukhona umthambo obonakalayo enkabeni, ohlangothini olunamamaki, kukhona onxantathu noma ama-wavy. Amahlumela amagatsha bese akha isihlahla esiminyene. Isisekelo siba lukhuni ngokuhamba kweminyaka, simbozwe ngegxolo elinsundu. Izindawo ezinama-spikes amafushane ngendlela yama-bristles zitholakala emaphethelweni weziqu.
Inani lezimpande ze-aires lenyuka ngomswakama ophezulu. I-buds i-tubular, ubude bezinye izinhlobo bufika ku-40 cm.Bavula ebusuku bavalwe ekuseni. Izimbali ze-vanilla ezimhlophe, ezipinki, ezibomvu ziveza iphunga elimnandi. Zivela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ezinye izinhlobo - ekwindla. Izithelo zikhulu, ziyadliwa, izindlu zikhula kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphanjaniswa kweziphambano. Zifana ne-plums ngesimo nangobukhulu, kanye nama-sitrobheli ane-zinaphili ukunambitha.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-epiphyllum
Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngosayizi, inani lama-buds, umbala. Kukhona cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili.
| Ibanga | Incazelo |
| U-marniera omise okwenhliziyo ophuzi (selenicereus) | Iphuma ngamahlumela aqhakaza, izimbali ezinkulu nezinde kufike ku-25 cm. |
| I-Oxypetalum | Itholakala emadwaleni, imiqhele yesihlahla. Izindebe ezinamanzi ezinamanzi ziyabukeka zifinyelela ku-6 cm ubude nama-12 cm ububanzi, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-3. Wayeqanjwa igama elithi "iNdlovukazi Yobusuku" ngenxa yezimbali ezimhlophe ezingenamkhawulo ezivula ebusuku. Banephunga elimnandi, ububanzi obungu-17 cm. |
| Isi-Guatemalan | Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokuvela kwesiqu. Esokuqala sifana neqoqo lamaqabunga e-oki, ubude besixhumanisi ngasinye bude bufika ku-5 cm. Esesibili, iMonstrose, sinamahlumela amnyama, ahlukanisiwe izingxenye futhi sikhula ngokuguquguquka ngokungakhethi, isimo esishintshashintshayo. Izimbali ezipinki ezinemibala ehlukene. |
| Ackerman | Iziqu ezicijile ezinkulu ngezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Ngokuvamile kukhulele ezimbombeni zezimbali. Ukukhula kancane. |
| Mhlophe noma ngcwele | Iziqu zingama-oval, akhombe, aze afike ku-30 cm, cm cm 12. Amacembe amhlophe qhwa no-ukhilimu avuleka ebusuku ngephunga elimnandi nelizinzile. |
| Angouliereg noma angular | Ubude bamamitha, buhlotshiswe ngokuqinile ngesimo se-zigzag. Ama-petals amnandi, ophuzi, omhlophe, opinki. |
| UPhilanthus | Emvelweni yemvelo kuhlala emiqheleni yezihlahla. Umbala ohlaza okotshisiwe obenezimbali ezipinki eziphaphathekile, enkabeni ye-tint ephuzi kufika ku-30 cm. |
| Hooker | Izwe lakubo yiVenezuela, Mexico, Cuba. Ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu, iziqu ezi-arched ziqinile, ziqinile ngenxa yesisindo sazo. Ama-petals amhlophe, amade, abushelelezi phakathi. |
| Kuthunyelwe | Amabhishi amancane, aluhlaza okotshani. Ukuqina okude kufinyelela kumitha ngamapuleti anamaqabunga anqabile, ngaphandle kwameva. Ivula ngaphuzi, i-whisk enobubanzi obungu-15 cm. |
| Lau | Ikhula ngokushesha ngo-3 m ubude, ngu-7 cm ububanzi ngezinaliti ezinombala ophuzi. Ama-Cream buds avulwa kusihlwa, ahlala izinsuku ezimbili. |
| Vele pru | Izinhlobonhlobo zifakwa enkulisa, ikakhulukazi ekuvumelaneni nezimo okusheshayo kwemvelo, njengokushisa kwe +18 ° C. Izimbali ziza nentwasahlobo. Faka umbala opinki ophakathi nendawo opinki omnyama emaphethelweni. Ububanzi be-Corolla bufika ku-16 cm. |
| I-Dreamland | Ama-petals apinki, o-orenji, amhlophe, abomvu, avela ehlobo. Inezinto zokwelapha. |
| UThomas | Emvelweni ifinyelela kumamitha angama-4, kanti ekhaya ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-70 kuphela. Iqhakaza ngombala omhlophe, ama-areoles ehla. |
| Kunamathoni | Iziqu zinombala oluhlaza grey, flat. Phansi kwesakhiwo se-cylindrical, i-wavy ezinhlangothini, ama-areoles anama-bristles atholakala kuwo. Kunemithunzi yekhilimu, eluhlaza enephunga elimnandi. Kwembulwa phakathi nosuku, okungajwayelekile nge-epiphyllum. |
| UPaul de Lonpre | Ihlukahluka ngamahlumela amade, ancike emhlabathini, nezimbali ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-14. Umbala ukhilimu, ubomvu eceleni komngcele. Ukubuka kwe-hybrid kusuka kokuzungezile kuya kokuzungezile kanye ne-selencerius. |
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Epiphyllum ekhaya
Kunzima ukukhulisa i-cactus yehlathi, ukunakekelwa okufanele kutholakala ekhaya ngokubuka yonke imikhakha yezinkathi zonyaka.
| Amapharamitha | Ntwasahlobo | Ihlobo | Ukuwa | Ubusika |
| Indawo, izibani | Ukukhanya okukhanyayo, uhlangothi olungasentshonalanga, olusempumalanga. | |||
| Ukushisa | + 20 ... +25 ° С | + 22 ... +25 ° С | + 15 ... +20 ° С | + 10 ... +13 ° С |
| Ukunisela, umswakama | Okuningi ngokushesha ngemuva kokoma, kanye nesifutho sokufafaza. Vikela noma hlunga amanzi. | Okumaphakathi, amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga. | Okuncane. | |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Amanyolo amaminerali we-cacti yehlathi aqukethe i-potassium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen. | Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi nge-nitrogen. | Uma kunesidingo. | Akudingeki. |
Uma imbali ikhula kabi, khona-ke inokukhanya okunganele, ukuthambisa okuningi noma okuncane, i-substrate engalungile.
Isibani
I-Epiphyllum izokujabulisa ngokubonakala kwayo, uma udala ukukhanya okukhanya, okungahlanekiyo. Lapho itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho, izoqhuma buthaka, eningizimu kuyadingeka ukuvikela lesi sitshalo elangeni. Ehlobo, abalimi babeka imbali emgwaqweni endaweni evikelwe elangeni.
Ukushisa
Imbali ibekezelela ukwehluka ehlobo emoyeni omusha. Lapho kunesikhathi sokuphumula, i-cactus yehlathi ayidingi ukushisa okuphezulu.
Ukunisela
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-epifillum iniselwa kakhulu. Ebusika, ngokushisa komoya okunciphayo akufuneki.
Umswakama
Emoyeni owomile, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngokuma, kungabi ngamanzi abandayo ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu
Inhlabathi yesitshalo ikhethiwe ngaphandle kwe-lime, evundile. Ukwakheka kwengxube kuyingxenye ye-agroperlite kanye nenhlabathi yengadi, isidlo sethambo, izingxenye ezintathu zokhuni lukakhukhunathi. Ungathenga i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ye-cacti enokuqukethwe kwe-peat. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-buds, bawathululela ngesisombululo se-mullein ngamanzi 1: 4, kanye ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, noma ngomanyolo we-nitrogen. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuncishiswa amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga.
Ukufakelwa
Njalo entwasahlobo, ama-cacti amasha atshalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula. Izitsha zidinga ububanzi obukhulu, obungenamikhawulo, obunyinyithekile, lokhu kuvusa izimbali. Ithangi kumele libe nezindawo zokudonsa amanzi futhi lihlale lifudumele ebusuku.
Izimbiza ze-Clay zifanelwe kahle kakhulu.
Izitshalo zabantu abadala zidinga ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi uma izimpande ezivela kwizimbobo zokudonsa sezivele zivele. Phansi kwezitsha, kukha amanzi, kubekwa inhlabathi, kubekwe imbali, bese kufakwa emthunzini, kuncibilikise umswakama omncane.
Izihlahla
Ukwenza kabusha futhi ukwenza isihlahla, imbali kufanele ilungiswe. Kanye ngeminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, amahlumela amancanyana, amile, amadala, akhula kakhulu ngaphansi.
Izici zezimbali
I-Epiphyllum blooms kanye ngonyaka, izinhlobo ngazinye - amahlandla ama-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, awukwazi ukuhambisa noma ukuhlela kabusha imbali, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-buds azowa. Izimbali eziqhakazayo zihlala kusuka osukwini oluthile kuya kweziyisikhombisa. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa ngaphezu kokunisela okujwayelekile nangokukhulu ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuwa, isitshalo ngeke siqhume.
Ukuzala
I-Epiphyllum isatshalaliswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- ukusika;
- ngembewu;
- layering.
Izimbumbulu
Benza entwasahlobo, basike isiqu esinempilo engxenyeni ebanzi ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ukusikwa kusele nosikiwe phansi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, atshalwe afinyelela ku-1 cm ekungxenyeni oswakanyisiwe kwesihlabathi ne-peat. Shiya endaweni emnyama kosuku, ngemuva kokuthambisa ukhula olunamanzi.
Imbewu
Imbewu ethengwa esitolo ibekwa enhlabathini enomswakama, imbozwe ngefilimu, futhi idluliswa nsuku zonke ihora. Ngezihlumela zokuqala zivulekile. Amahlumela avela ngameva, abe esewa. Isitshalo esikhulwe embewini sizoqala ukuqhakaza eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Lapho izimpande zomoya zibonakala epiphyllum, zigoba ihlumela emhlabathini bese zilungisa. Ngemuva kokuba ukhula lwenxalenye ehlukaniswe isitshalo somama, esitshalwe ngokuhlukile.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, imbali ihlaselwa izinambuzane:
- Isikhala sesicabucabu - kuvela iwebhu yesigcawu. Ukucubungula ngesibabule se-colloidal, insipho eluhlaza, ikarbofos.
- Ama-aphid - Sula ngokumnika kagwayi, isisombululo se-soda. Futha ngamalungiselelo: Spark, Fitoverma, Neoron, Decis.
- I-Mealybug - sula imbali ngotshwala noma iphathe ngokufakwa kwegalikhi.
- Isikali - phatha ngamanzi anensipho, sebenzisa iFitoverm, Aktaru, Actellik.
I-Epiphyllum ithambekele ezifweni zokukhunta kanye namagciwane ngenxa yokunisela kanzima, ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, izinga lokushisa eliphansi:
- Ukugqwala - amabala aphuzi-nsundu ayabonakala. Lokhu kuvela ngokugcotshwa kwamanzi ngamazinga okushisa aphansi noma elangeni. Phatha ngesixazululo seTopazi, i-Alirin.
- Ukubola okumnyama - amabala amnyama ngeziqu. Lahla izindawo ezithintekile bese uphatha iFundazole, gxilisa amasayithi anqunywe ngamalahle acushiwe.
- I-Anthractosis - amabala ansundu akhanyayo. Nquma iziqu ezinegciwane, phatha ngePhiotosporin, Trichodermin.
- I-Fusarium - iziqu ziphenduka zibomvu ngenxa yezimpande zokubola. Shintsha inhlabathi, susa izimpande ezithelelekile, phatha ngeGamair.
- I-mosaic mosaic - amabala amancane okukhanya esitshalweni, izinhlungu ezomile, ama-buds awawa. Akunaklashwa, imbali enegciwane ilahlwa.
Imbali izothanda uma ukuchelela kunamandla kakhulu, futhi ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyacunula ukuqunjelwa.
Izimpawu nezinkolelo-ze mayelana ne-epiphyllum
Ngokwezibonakaliso, i-epiphyllum ivikela ikhaya ekulimaleni, ukuqhakaza kuthembisa ukwengezwa emndenini, nakubantu abanesizungu - ukujwayelana nengxenye yesibili ezayo. Kepha abaluleki ukuthi banikeze izimbali izithandwa - lokhu wukuhlukanisa. Endlini yezintokazi ezingashadile, kusho ukungatholi umkhwenyana.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: i-epiphyllum - umphilisi wasekhaya
I-Forest cactus ijusi inezinto zokuphulukisa - umphumela we-diuretic, ihlanza umzimba, ithuthukise ukungazinzi, ibuyise isibindi nezinso. Kusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-psoriasis, uhlelo lwenhliziyo, i-rheumatism, ikhanda, umkhuhlane. Imbali iyakwazi ukuvimba imiphumela emibi yemisebe ye-electromagnetic, isiza kumqobelo, iyeke ukopha, iphulukise amanxeba.
