Usuku lwesundu luheha ukunakwa ezindlini zamakamelo ahlukahlukene. Manje kunethuba lokukhulisa isihlahla ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ufunde izindlela zobuchwepheshe bezolimo futhi inqubo ibukeka ingeyinkimbinkimbi. Akuwona wonke umuntu onethuba lokuthenga isitshalo esiphelile, kepha ukukhulisa izinsuku kungokoqobo. Ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke ithele izithelo, kepha izohlobisa ingaphakathi lendlu, ihhovisi, indlu yezwe.
Izihlahla zesundu zithathwa njengophawu lokuzala nokubonisa umoya wokungenisa izihambi kubantu abahlukahlukene bomhlaba. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalibizwa ngokuthi "indlovukazi yama-oases" kanye "nesinkwa sasogwadule". Isitshalo siqinile futhi singakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomhlaba ovaliwe.
Izinhlobo zezinsuku ezingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Kunezinhlobo ezinezithelo ezingangeneki. Izalwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zabafuyi.
Ekhaya, zintathu kuphela kuzo ezingatshalwa kusuka imbewu:
- ICanary - ikhula ize ibe ngu-15 m, ngesiqu esisodwa. Ubunzima ku-orange, izithelo ezincane.
- I-Palmate - ezitolo izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyathengiswa. Isiqu saso sivezwa njalo engxenyeni engezansi, sikhula sifinyelela ku-15-20 m.
- URobelena - unemifino emincane emincane, inezithelo ezimnyama, igxilwe kumamitha amabili. Kungatshalwa endlini.
Ungakhula kanjani izinsuku kusuka etsheni
Ukukhula intende kusuka kuthambo ekhaya kuzoba isikhathi eside, kuzodingeka ulinde iminyaka embalwa ukuze uncome umuthi omuhle. Amaqabunga akhe azovela ngonyaka wesithathu, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kakhulu. Ukuphakama ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuzofinyelela amamitha amabili.
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela izinto zokutshala
Akulula ukukhetha usuku lwesundu elizayo; akuwona wonke umuntu ohlumayo. Ekukhuleni, izithelo ezomisiwe ezingazange zenzelwe ukwelashwa kokushisa (okusha noma okumisiwe) ziyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ziqhume. Izithelo zesundu ziqukethe ithambo elikhulu nelilukhuni. Ugcina ukuhluma iminyaka eminingana. Izinsuku zithengiswa unyaka wonke, ngoba ukutshala udinga ukuthatha izingcezu ezimbalwa.
Umuntu ngamunye uhlola kuqala ngokucophelela, ahlele inephutha, alimale izinambuzane, izifo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kufanele:
- Hlambulula ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo bese ususa noma iyiphi ipulpiti esele.
- Faka ingilazi yamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni (shintsha kaningana).
- Susa uginindela osele, ngemuva kokudumba kulula ukwenza.
- Hlambulula.
- Vumela ukome.
- Faka i-kernel yosuku ku-thermos enamanzi afudumele ancibilikisa izinsuku ezimbili bese ufaka i-humate (okusanhlamvu okumbalwa).
- Beka imbewu enhlabathini enomswakama (sawdust, peat, sand sand ngokulinganayo). Ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo, kufanele kubulawe amagciwane nge-potassium permanganate noma kuxoshwe ngamanzi abilayo, kubalwa kuhhavini. Ukuphakama kwezendlalelo kungaphansi kwama-8 cm.
- Maphakathi nendawo, yenza ikhefu, ubeke imbewu ngokuqondile izikhathi ezingama-1.5 ubukhulu bayo.
- Fafaza, ubeke i-moss ngaphezulu.
- Mboza isitsha esigoqiwe nge-polyethylene.
- Fafaza inhlabathi njalo, ungamanzi.
- Gcina izinga lokushisa lika + 35 ° C.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okususa ifilimu.
- Amanzi ngokulinganisela.
Ukuhluza ithambo akulula, kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-2-3, kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa.
Ukusheshisa inqubo, ithambo kufanele libhekane nezinyathelo ezinkulu:
- Phonsa ngenhla yembewu ngenaliti.
- Hamba phezu kwayo nge-sandpaper.
- Yenza ukusikeka ngecala.
- Thela amanzi abilayo ngaphezulu.
Okulandelayo, beka amathambo eboyeni obunyene bekotini, ubeke engilazini, umboze. Gcina izitsha zifudumele: (kwibhethri, efasiteleni elangeni). Musa ukoma ngaphandle. Uma ufisa, buyisela ukotini nge-sawdust, hydrogel. Ngemuva kokuvuvukala, yeka phansi.
Izimbali zisebenzisa enye indlela yokuhluma kwembewu ku-vermiculite (ingxube ekhethekile yezitshalo). Ithambo litshalwa ekujuleni kokukhula kwalo noma esitsheni esehlukile noma esitsheni esijwayelekile. Mboza ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Umoya kabili ngosuku ukususa i-condensate eyeqile. Ukunisela njalo lapho komile, ungahlanganisi. Dive lapho ihlumela lingama-4 cm.
Izimfihlo zokutshala nokuzinakekela
Ngokutshala, bathatha amathambo aqhekekile ngamaqabunga okuqala.
Ukutshala izithombo
Izithombo zibekwa kusetshenziswa umhlaba lapho imbewu ikhule khona. Lungiselela imbiza ejulile ehlukile ngakunye. Isendlalelo senziwe ngengxube ye-turf, iqabunga, inhlabathi yobumba, i-humus engxenyeni eyodwa nengxenye ye-at ye-peat nesihlabathi. Faka amalahle ochotshoziwe. Ukudonsa okungamamitha ayi-2 cm kwenziwa ngobumba obunwetshiwe namalahle. Ngokuzayo lapho lesi sitshalo sithathelwa indawo lapho iqabunga lokuqala lingama-15 cm ubude. Bafaka igumbi elikhanyayo.
Izimo zokukhula zesundu
Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, zidinga ukunakekelwa ngokuhambisana nokukhanyisa, umswakama, izinga lokushisa.
| Amapharamitha | Izimo |
| Ukukhanyisa / Indawo | Ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ukuthatha umgwaqo entwasahlobo lapho izinga lokushisa selimiswe + 15 ° С. Igumbi lisempumalanga, izinhlangothi ezisentshonalanga. Ebusika, amahora emini afinyelela emahoreni ayi-12 ayadingeka (kulokhu, faka ama-phytolamp). Ngokukhula okufana, zungeza ama-degree angama-180 njalo emavikini amabili. Igumbi kufanele lingene umoya, kugwenywe okusalungiswa. |
| Ukushisa komswakama | + 20 ... +25 ° С ngesikhathi sasehlobo. + 12 ... +16 ° С - ebusika. Umswakama 50-60%, fafaza kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa. Sula amacembe ngendwangu emanzi. |
| Ukunisela | Ehlobo izikhathi 3-4 ngesonto, uthele amanzi athambile. Yenza ishawa efudumele. Susa uketshezi epanini, usule phansi. Sebenzisa amanzi +30 ° C, uzinze. Ebusika, ngemuva kokoma, uthele amanzi kanye ngesonto. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo okungu-2-3 njalo ngenyanga, faka izingxube ze-liquid zezihlahla zesundu ngaphansi kwempande kanye nasemaqabunga. Sebenzisa okwehla kwenkukhu 1: 3, kanye ngezinsuku eziyishumi. Ekwindla - kanye ngesonto, ebusika - kanye ngenyanga. |
Ukudlulisa izihlahla zesundu ezincane
Lapho intende encane ikhula ibe ngu-15 cm, itshalwe, bese kwenziwa minyaka yonke kanye nenhlabathi (izimpande zayo zisengozini enkulu) ngo-Ephreli, bese kuthi emuva kweminyaka emithathu. Ezitshalweni ezindala kuneminyaka eyi-10, ingaphezulu lendawo liyashintsha. Ngosuku olwandulela, bawunisela umhlaba umhlaba. I-Drainage (isitini, ubumba olwandisiwe) ibekwa phansi ebhodweni eliphakeme; ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akuguquki. Izitsha zikhethwa kakhulu kunaleyo eyedlule ngo-4 cm. Isundu lisuswa ebhodweni elidala ngokucophelela, lizama ukungalimazi izimpande namaqabunga, linikine umhlabathi, lifakwe kwesinye isitsha, ligcwalise voids ngenhlabathi.
Awunqume phezulu futhi wakhe umqhele eduze kwesundu, kuyindawo yokukhula kwesihlahla, kuphela amaqabunga amadala owonakele futhi asuswe
Izinsuku Zokugula Nezinambuzane
Ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kunqunywa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
| Izinambuzane / Izifo | Izimpawu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Amaphuzi aphuzi, ampunga avele abe yi-web elincanyana. | Ukucutshungulwa ukumnika kagalikhi, i-anyanisi ikhasi noma i-Actellik, iFitoverma. |
| Isihlangu | Amabala ansundu, aphuzi esithelweni, amaqabunga anamathela. | Sebenzisa amathuluzi ukulwa ne-spider mite. |
| Umhlonyane | Amaqabunga abuna futhi omile. | Ukucubungula nesixazululo sensipho, bese ufafaza i-Aktara, iCalypso. |
| Ama-Thrips | Amacembe akhanya ngaphezulu, ansundu ngezansi. | Futha ngeTopsin, iFitosporin. |
| Ukubola okupinki | Kushiya ukuthambisa. | Susa izindawo ezithintekile bese uphatha nge-sulfate yethusi. |
| I-Spotting | Amabala ayakheka eduze kwemithambo, amnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. | Phatha ngeMancozeb, Ridomil futhi unciphise ukuthambisa. |
Izinkinga ngosuku olukhulayo kusuka etsheni
Uma ungahambisani nezidingo zokunakekelwa, usuku luzogula:
- Amathiphu owomile - umswakama omncane, uvame ukufafaza isitshalo.
- Amaqabunga aphuzi - ukuntuleka komswakama, ukukhulisa ukuthambisa.
- Amaqabunga amnyama - ukuthambisa ngokweqile, kunqunywe emuva.
- Ukukhula sekuyekile - igumbi libanda kakhulu. Uma isizathu sinzima amanzi - ukufakelwa.
- Amabala aphuzi, ansundu kumaqabunga, asonta, omile - ukuntuleka kwe-potassium. Yondla nge-potassium humate, izinkuni zomlotha.
- Amabala aphuzi aphuzi emaphethelweni - i-magnesium encane. Faka i-magnesium sulfate enhlabathini.
- Amaqabunga ayakhanya, isitshalo siyayeka ukukhula - ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. Gcoba ne-ammonium nitrate, umquba.
- I-Chlorosis yamaqabunga ukuntuleka kwe-manganese. Faka i-manganese sulfate. Yondla umuthi ngomanyolo ofanele.
Enye Indlela Yokuphakanyiswa Kosuku
Ngaphezu kwamathambo, ikhona enye indlela yokwandisa isundu lezinsuku - izinqubo ezingabonakali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Lokhu kwenziwa uma kunezimpande ezithuthukisiwe. Sika ihlumela ngommese obukhali ngaphandle kokuthinta isiqu. Kudluliselwe enhlabathini zezithombo. Mboza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngefilimu.
Imininingwane yezihlahla ezijwayelekile
Umuthi wosuku ovela emndenini wePalm ukhula eNdiya, eSaudi Arabia, eGibhithe, eTunisia, eziqhingini zaseCanary, e-Iran, naseMorocco. Umuthi wesundu uthanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo, isiqu sikhula size sibe ngu-30 m, ububanzi obuyi-80 cm, umuthi uhlala iminyaka eyi-150. Amaqabunga awo acwecile, akhothwe emamamitha angama-5 ubude, ayi-12 akhula okusha ngonyaka, akukho magatsha. Ama-inflorescences ubude bawo ngamamitha ngezimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane, kwakheka izithelo ezinomsoco kusuka esibelethweni sowesifazane. Kudliwa izithelo, kudliwe izilwane, kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe.
