I-Eukomis (i-eukomyus, i-eukomyus, i-lily apleapple) - konke lokhu kuyigama lesitshalo esisodwa esingumndeni wakwa-Asparagus. Wathola igama lakhe ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okukhethekile - kusuka olimini lwesiGrikhi igama elithi eukomyus lihunyushwa ngokuthi tuft enhle.
Isitshalo esizalelwe eningizimu ye-Afrika, lapho kubusa khona isimo sezulu esipholile. Ukutshala i-eukomyus kufana ne-gladiolus - isitshalo se-herbaceous siyaphindeka ngenxa yengxenye yezimpande, okungukuthi isibhebhe.
Ukubukeka nezici ze-eukomis
Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, i-eukomis inesisekelo. Lesi isibani esikhulu esinendawo ecwebezelayo ebukeka njengeqanda. Ngenxa yayo, uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande luyakhula, olunikeza ukumelana kuso sonke isitshalo.
Amaqabunga amade, anomumo webhande, angafinyelela kubude obungafika ku-60 cm. Ingaphezulu lawo linesakhiwo esicwebezelayo nombala oluhlaza, nokho, amabala ansundu angavela asondelene ne-rhizome.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sikhipha umcibisholo omude, ofinyelela ku-1 m, ongaphezulu kwama-30 cm awo ambozwe kakhulu ngama-inflorescence amancane wombala omhlophe noma o-burgundy. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zithathwa njengebhokisi lembewu elihlanganisiwe. Ukuqhakaza kwe-eukomis nefomu lwayo langaphandle kufana nophayinaphu, okwamlethela ukuthandwa okunjalo phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur nesidlaliso seenyathi yamaphayinaphu.
Izinhlobo ze-eukomis
Abafuyi abanolwazi bahlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-eukis:
| Buka | Incazelo |
| I-Bicolor (Ithoni emibili) | Ukuthengisa okuhle kakhulu. Kubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa. Iqiniso ngukuthi emcibisholo, amabala amafomu obomvu obomvu, athi kamuva aqhakaze abe yizimbali eziluhlaza okotshani ezinemiphetho epinki. |
| Isikhala | Okuvame kakhulu. Ubukhulu bufika ku-60 cm ukuphakama, kanti izimbali zinombala ocwebezelayo. Wathola igama lakhe ngezinhlamvu ezincane ezinamachashaza amnyama emaqabungeni. |
| Isiqu esibomvu | Inokwakheka kwamaqabunga ngesigaxa nomthunzi obomvu we-bract. |
| Wavy | Ingakhula ibe yimitha ukuphakama, imiphetho yamapuleti amaqabunga iwavy kancane futhi imbozwe amabala amnyama, efanekisela kahle le nhlobo. |
| I-Autumn | Iningi lehlobo lasekwindla, eliqiwe (kufika ku-30 cm), liqhakaza sekwephuzile futhi lizizwa lihle ngisho nangeziqandisi ezincane. |
| Pole evans | Ihluka ngemibala emhlophe neluhlaza okotshani. |
| Ubanjiwe | Idumile ngomzila ophakathi nendawo. Mude, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. I-inflorescence - cm angama-30. Amathunzi apinki, onsomi (afana kakhulu nama-lilacs), aluhlaza. |
| Ukugqekeza okubabayo | Amahlamvu abomvu, ama-peduncle abomvana, ama-burgundy. |
Izici zokufika kwe-eukomyus
Ngisho nomlimi we-novice amateur uzokwazi ukubhekana nokutshala. Ezindaweni ezinelanga, ama-bullet atshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ngoMeyi.
Igebe phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-20 cm ngokulandelana kanye nama-35 cm phakathi kwezintambo.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ama-eukomis akhuliswa ikakhulukazi njengesiko lembiza.
Wonke umsebenzi ohlobene nokutshala i-eukomis wenziwa kangcono ngoMashi. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule kahle, udinga ukulandela uhlelo:
- Thola isitsha esifanele ukutshala ama-bulbs - amabhodwe adingekayo kohlelo olukhulu lwezimpande zesitshalo.
- Lungisa inhlabathi - inhlabathi enosawoti, i-humus, isihlabathi (1: 1: 1) noma inhlabathi ejwayelekile yengadi, uyiphathe nge-TMTD yesikhunta. Lokhu kuzogwema ukusakazwa kwesikhunta ezahlukahlukene kuso.
- Izilimo zezitshalo - gxilisa inhlabathi ukuze ingxenye yayo ephezulu ingaphezulu komhlaba.
- Imbiza ene-bulb etshaliwe kufanele ibe sendlini efudumele. Kufanele iniselwe kanye emaphethelweni, iqiniseke ngokucophelela ukuthi inhlabathi ihlala inyunyiswa kancane. Lapho nje i-eukomyus iqala ukukhula, ungangeza imvamisa yokunisela.
- Ngemuva kokuba izinhlamvu sezihlumile, kufanele zikhishwe kanye nesitsha bese zifakwa endaweni ethule noma ezolile noma ezitshaliwe ekupheleni kukaMeyi ngebhodwe, lapho umhlabathi usuvutha ngokuphelele.
I-Eukomis ithanda izindawo ezinelanga, ngakho-ke indawo ebanjwayo akufanele ibe semthunzini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uthatha isibani esihlumile ebhodweni, kudingeka uqinisekise ukuthi izimpande azonakali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo singafa.
Ukukhula kwe-eukomis
Lapho nje isibani sesiqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Ngemuva kokuthambisa ngakunye, kufaka phakathi imvula, kufanelekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze i-eukomis, ngenkathi isusa wonke ukhula oluzungezile. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqediwe, ukuthambisa kumele kungasebenzi kancane.
Amaqabunga aphuzi, okubonisa ukuthi imbali ilungiselela ubusika, iba uphawu lokuthi ukunisela kufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele. Ezifundeni ezibandayo nezinesimo sezulu, ama-eukomis bulbs akhishwa emhlabathini ovulekile futhi agcinwe esiqandisini.
Lapho igcinwa ebhodweni, isikhathi sezimbali singandiswa ngokunwetshwa. Kuyadingeka ukondla ama-rhizomes ngenhlanganisela yezimbiwa ehlanganiswe emanzini okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Kodwa-ke, kufanele unake iqiniso lokuthi ama-fertiliser akufanele aqukethe i-nitrogen - le mineral ithinta kabi i-eukomyus.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-eukomyus
Okokukhiqiza kabusha, izindlela ezimbili zingasetshenziswa: okuxubile nembewu.
Kuqala, izibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene zabazali ziyagcinwa. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwe-bulb emhlabathini, kwakhiwa izingane ezincane kuso. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, i.e. phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, kudingeka ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela kusuka ku-bulb kamama. Entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukufika emhlabathini. Futhi kule ndlela kufaka phakathi ukusakazwa kwamahlamvu asikiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-eukomis ingasakazwa kusetshenziswa imbewu. Zivunwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuthwa bese kuhlwanyelwa ngokushesha emabhodweni. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela izithombo ezincane endaweni yazo. Ukuqhakaza kwe-eukomyus, okusatshalaliswa yimbewu, kufanele kulindeleke iminyaka engama-5-6 yokuphila kuphela.
Izinkinga ngokudlulisa ama-eukomis nokukhula
Inkinga enkulu ukupunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwamaqabunga esitshalo. Lokhu, kanye nokuba khona kwezindawo ezinsundu, kukhombisa ukukhula kwesikhunta ku-eukomis. Imvamisa, imbangela yokubonakala kwayo kubhekwa njengokuphuza okuningi. Ukuvikela ukuqhubeka kwembali, kufanele kususwe emhlabathini kuhlolwe isibazi. Kubalulekile ukuthi kungabikho zindawo zokubola kuso. Uma kukhona, ahlanzwa ngokucophelela, aphathwe nekhambi lezifo ezingelolukhuni (iFundazol, iTopazi, iSpore) futhi adluliselwe enhlabathini entsha.
Futhi, isitshalo sihlaselwa izinambuzane: i-spider mite, mealybug, i-whitefly, i-aphid. Baqede nge-Actellik noma i-Actara.
