IKaluzhnitsa (kusuka "Kaluzh" wasendulo waseRussia) isitshalo esidla izindiza esikhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Kwenzeka endaweni yesimo sezulu esishisayo, kanye nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngokwesibonelo, e-Arctic naseScandinavia.
Incazelo nezici ze-kaluzhnitsa
I-herbaceous perennial ingekaRanunculaceae womndeni. Imbali ihlukaniswa ngombala oluhlaza ogcwele amaqabunga nokuphakama okungama-40 cm kuya kumamitha ayi-3. Ikhula ikakhulu ezindaweni ezibhukuda, kepha futhi ingatholakala emhlabathini owomile, inqobo nje uma kuvame ukuna kule ndawo. Ngenxa yokuqina kobusika (ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-35 ° C) eRussia imvama itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lakhiwa. Amashidi wamashidi ane-heterogeneous, ayahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo. Eduzane nomhlabathi mikhulu, amasentimitha angama-15 ukuya kwangu-20 ubukhulu, maphakathi vele asencane futhi kuma-petioles amafushane. Iziqu zinamanzi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwempande. Isihloko esingaphezulu samahlamvu sessile. Uphendula ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni, egoqa ishubhu.
Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza emva kweminyaka engu-8 yokukhula kanye ngonyaka. Ama-inflorescences avulekile, angabekwa ngokwahlukana noma amaningana emlenzeni owodwa. Qhakaza ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli bese ubamba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi. Isibeletho sakhiwa ezinyangeni zokuqala zehlobo. Umbala we-buds uncike ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-calendula. Kungaba mhlophe, kuphuzi okukhanyayo, i-amber.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zomongo
| Buka | Incazelo | Kushiya | Izimbali |
| Kuvinjelwe | Ivela kuma-35 cm, iqonde. I-petioles ifinyelela ubude obu-5 kuya ku-25 cm. | Kugcotshwe, cishe ngo-10 cm, onqenqemeni lweserah. | 2 kwi-peduncle eyodwa, enamacembe amhlophe kanye nomongo ophuzi ophuzi. Isayizi kufika ku-2 cm. |
| Ukuntanta | Izinhlobo ze-Aquatic, ezikhetha ukusetshenziswa emachibini okuhlobisa. | Kukaliwe, kufinyelela osayizi 4 cm. Qhubeka ebusweni bamanzi. | Kukhulu ngokwanele, kuze kufike ku-4 cm ubukhulu. Umbala umhlophe. |
| Webbed | Umehluko omkhulu izimbali eziningi. Kuhlukaniswa futhi nesiqu segatsha. | Finyelela ku-15 cm. Imise okwenziwe ngezinso, ku-petioles aze afike ku-30 cm. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani. | Amancane, aphuzi, aze abe yizicucu ezingama-20 esihlahleni esisodwa. |
| UMash | Ukuphakama kufike ku-60 cm, uhlelo lwempande luyakhiwa. Isiqu sakhiwe njengoba sikhula. | Inomumo wenhliziyo, onemiphetho engalingani, enamanzi, enamathele kuma-petioles amade. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yezimbali, ziba mnyama ngokusobala. | Umthunzi wombila, ongafika ku-5 cm ngosayizi. |
| Izimbali ezimbili | Enye yezinhlobo eziphansi kakhulu, usayizi omkhulu ongu-10 cm. | 7 cm, bushelelezi, futhi bumise okwenhliziyo. | Ngenxa ye-peduncle ende, zitholakala ziphakeme kakhulu kunesihlahla uqobo. Okumhlophe, kuze kufike ku-2 cm. |
| Ihlathi | Ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Ikhula kakhulu elangeni noma emthunzini oyingxenye. | Okwenziwe izinso / kuyindilinga, 14-15 cm. | Kokunye ihlumela, ama-5- buds womthunzi okhanyayo ongamasentimitha amathathu ubukhulu. |
| UDuduk | Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwama-inflorescences, ukuphakama kungama-30 cm, ngemuva - kuze kufike ku-120. Iziqu azinalutho. | Isikhumba, sikhule kahle ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngezimbali kube ngu-15 cm. | I-5-7 cm, ihlelwe ngamaqembu wezingcezu ezi-5-6. |
| Okumhlophe | I-perennial enohlelo lwezimpande olungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ikhula ingabi ngaphezu kwama-20 cm. | Ubukhazikhazi, onqenqemeni olugobekile kanye nezinhlaka eziyindilinga. | Okukodwa, okumhlophe, okunama-amacembe angama-5,6 ahlukene ngokwebala. |
| I-Swamp Terry | Ikhula kuphela enhlabathini emanzi emthunzini oyingxenye noma noma icishe ngaphandle kwelanga. Isihlahla sakha umqhele esimweni sebhola. | Inhliziyo ebunjiwe, iluhlaza okotshani. | Ngama-petals amaningi, i-terry, umbala kalamula. |
| Swampy Lush | Isiqu cishe asinalo igatsha, sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, esiningi esingenalutho. | Esisekelweni, esikhulu, sinhliziyo futhi sinamathele ngokuqinile kwesiqu, ngaphezulu - sincane, sifinyelela ku-8 cm, esinomphetho ofana nedolobha. Ngemuva kokushona kwezimbali zanda ziye kuma-30 cm. | Bahlala isikhathi eside kunabo bonke, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Umbala uphuzi. |
| Okuningi | I-Spherical bush, cm 20-30 cm. | Okumnyama, okunemiphetho engalingani, usayizi ophakathi. | UGolide, 8 cm. |
| I-squ squat | Isitshalo esinezinsi ezinwabuzelayo. | Akuvamile ukutholakala esiqwini, umthunzi ogcwele, onophawu oluhlotshiswe inhliziyo. | Okukodwa, umthunzi wombila, kusuka ku-5 cm. |
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-calendula
Isiko linobusika obuqinile, libekezelela iqhwa elinzima. Ngalesi sizathu, ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle kokumba ngenkathi ebandayo. Indawo yokuhlala ebusika nayo ayidingeki.
I-Kaluga ingafakwa kubhasikidi wamanzi we-lily ogcwele umhlaba futhi ushiywe echibini ngenkathi efudumele. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuqala kweziqalo zokuqala, kufanele kuthunyelwe emhlabathini ukuze ukwakheka kweqhwa kungaholeli ekufeni kohlelo lwezimpande.
Ukufakelwa
Kungcono ukubeka izithombo endaweni evulekile phakathi kukaMashi no-Ephreli. Uma inhlabathi ingakashisi futhi ibamba kabi, ungawuhlehlisa umcimbi kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi. Njengoba i-kalugnitsa ikubekezelela kalula ukubanda, akunangqondo ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomoya nenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo ezibuthakathaka nezisencane kakhulu zisengafa ezimeni eziphikisayo. Ngakho-ke, uma isihlahla singekho ngisho nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, kungcono ukusishiya endaweni evulekile kuphela phakathi nenkathi lapho ukupholisa ebusuku obukhali sekuyekile ngokuphelele.
Umanyolo owengeziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala akudingekile. Kwanele ukusula ngobumnene i-rhizome, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ibanga elidingekayo liyagcinwa phakathi kwezithombo (10-30 cm, kuya ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo esidala). Ekuqaleni, kunconywa ukunisela isihlahla ngenkuthalo ngokwengeziwe ukuze ngokushesha kuthathe izimpande ezintsha.
Ukunakekela iKaluga engadini
Njengoba imbali ingenasizotha, konke ukuyinakekela kungakhawulelwa kokunisela njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza lesi sitshalo siqhume ngokucace kakhudlwana, kunconywa ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezilandelayo ngezikhathi ezithile:
- Faka umanyolo enhlabathini. Kwanele ukukwenza lokhu kanye ngenyanga. Isenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokudla okunamaminerali.
- Hlukanisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi utshale isihlahla. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-4, imbali ikhula kakhulu futhi ilahlekelwe ukubukeka kwayo okumnandi. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthandwa kwamahlamvu, kubalulekile ukuphula ihlathi elilodwa libe izingxenye eziningi bese ulisabalalisa ngokulinganayo phezu kwesiza, noma uligobele emhlabathini ibanga okungenani lama-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Khulula inhlabathi, susa ukhula.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kungenzeka futhi kwenziwe ngeglasi noma ngembewu. Indlela yesibili iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Imbewu yeKaluga ilahlekelwa ukuhluma kwazo ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uyiqoqe futhi uyihlwanyele ngoJuni, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Kulula kakhudlwana ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Akudingi ukusikwa, kwanele ukususa imichilo yomhlaba nokusabalalisa izimpande kancane. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa kakhulu futhi priten izinsuku eziningana.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo simelana ikakhulu. Akukona ukuthathwa yisifo, ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande nezinambuzane. Ijusi lezinhlungu lixosha izinambuzane. Inkinga kuphela engenzeka ngesikhathi sokutshala ukomisa lapho kunokuntuleka kokunisela.
Kaluzhnitsa ekwakhekeni komhlaba
Abaqambi bomhlaba bahlala basebenzisa izimbali ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zomphakathi nezizimele. Inani le-kaluga liqhakaza ngokushesha futhi lingumthunzi ocebile wamahlamvu. Ngenxa yalezi zici, bakhetha ukuyitshala endaweni evelele, ukudala izingoma eziqhakazayo eziqhakazayo entwasahlobo, namathanga aluhlaza obumnandi obuhlaza obukhanyayo obukhazimulayo ehlobo.
Indawo engcono kakhulu yesitshalo ingasogwini lwezindawo zokugcina ezahlukahlukene:
- ichibi lokufakelwa noma lemvelo;
- umthombo
- umfula omncane;
- ukufakwa kwe-multilevel (i-Cascade).
Ukutshala isitshalo kubalulekile uma ucabanga ngezimpawu zokuqhakaza kwalo. Njengoba isikhathi sokuvela kwezifihla singu-Ephreli-Meyi, ngalesi sikhathi akufanele kube nezinye izinkambiso ezingaphazamisa ukunaka ngezikhwanyana ezigqamile noma umqhele omnyama.
Kungcono ukuhlela i-kaluga ukuze kuthi kamuva ngoJuni izitshalo ziqhakaze zizungeze. Lokhu ngeke kuvume ukuthi imbali yezimbali ihlale ingenalutho isikhashana.
Imbali ingatshalwa hhayi kuphela eduze kwamanzi, kodwa futhi ezindleleni, ezizungeze ukufakwa kwamatshe. Isilungiselelo esihle samasiko aphezulu. Into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngokuchelela njalo ukuze amaqabunga agcine ukuqaqamba kwawo nokuncibilika. Akumele sikhohlwe ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi ikakhulukazi isibani.
Ezinye izitshalo ze-cannabis zingakhula ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe, kanti ezinye izinhlobo kufanele zitshalwe eduze kwezakhiwo, izihlahla noma ifenisha yengadi ukuze isemthunzini ingxenye yosuku.
UMnu Dachnik uyancomela: izakhiwo ezizuzayo ze-cowskin kanye ne-contraindication
Lesi siko siyadingeka kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwezinto ezilandelwayo zomkhondo. Kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba, sibulale ama-virus, futhi siyeke ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neoplasms. Kwezemithi, kusetshenziswa imiphumela elandelayo ye-hedgehog:
- ukukhululeka kobuhlungu;
- ukususwa kokuvuvukala;
- ukuncishiswa kokushisa, ukwelashwa kwezimpawu zomkhuhlane;
- ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi;
- ukukhululeka kwe-spasm, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, umphumela we-anticonvulsant.
Ochwepheshe bakhipha ujusi wokupholisa ngeziqu namaqabunga, bese beyisebenzisela ukwenziwa kwamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wezemithi nawezimonyo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuzimele kwesitshalo ngezinjongo zokwelashwa akuvunyelwe. Ijusi liqukethe inani elithile lobuthi, elingadala ukukhathazeka kwesisu, ukushiswa kwezitho zomzimba, kanye neminye imiphumela emibi. Ukwelashwa okungasizakali nakho, ikakhulukazi ohlakeni lwendabuko, kungaholela ekutheni ubuthi buningi.
