I-Rudbeckia (uSuzanne onamehlo amnyama, isigqoko selanga) iyisitshalo esinamakhambi esingesomndeni wakwa-Astrov. Ezasekhaya - izifunda ezisenyakatho Melika, amazwe amaningi ase-Europe nase-Afrika.
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingama-40 zezimbali. I-shrub ithole igama layo elisemthethweni ngenxa yama-botanists aseSwitzerland - iRudbek.
Incazelo ye-rudbeckia
Sifanamsindvo - sakhiwe noma sihlangene, sine-pubescent kakhulu. Bafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-3. Amahlamvu aphelele, aqhekekile ku-cirrus, kukhona abamele abanesimo se-oval noma i-ovoid, ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-20. Kunama-petioles amade ezansi kwesiqu sesiqu, futhi aqobekile phezulu.
Ama-inflorescence afana nebhasikidi acishe abe ngu-1 cm cm. Umbala - ukusuka ephuzi ecebile kuya onsomi.
Izithelo zifana ne-achene ephakeme ngomqhele omncane. Imbewu icwebezelwe, impunga emnyama. Zihluma iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Abaningi babheka i-rudbeckia ne-echinacea njengomuthi owodwa, kepha lo mbono unephutha. Banokubukeka okufanayo futhi zitholakala ezwekazini elifanayo, kepha yilokho kuphela.
Ngokungafani nesitshalo sokugcina, iSuzanne enamehlo amnyama ayinazo izindawo zokupholisa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-rudbeckia
Izinhlobo zeRudbeckia zihlukaniswe ngokwesikhathi sokuphila kwezitshalo. Phakathi kwama-rudbeckia waminyaka yonke alungele ukukhula ekhaya, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:
| Buka | Incazelo | Izinhlobo |
| Izinwele (shaggy) | Isitshalo esiphansi sonyaka, esifanele ukutshala eSiberia. Isiqu, i-pubescent ngezinwele ezinzima. Umbala we-buds usuka ephuzi ngokujulile uye onsundu. Amahlamvu makhulu, ama-lanceolate, afinyelela kubude obuyi-13 cm. |
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| Ithoni ezimbili | Isiqu saso sihlotshisiwe, sifinyelela ku-70 cm. Izimbali zihlelwe ngemigqa emibili, ziphuzi noma zipinki. Inezimbali ezinde - kuze kube yisithwathwa sokuqala. |
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| Triloba | Isiqu sikhula sifinyelele ku-140 cm. Amahlamvu asezansi awama-oval, anama-lobes amathathu, aluhlaza okotshani. | Musa ukuphuma. |
| Muhle (muhle) | Umbala - tan. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. | |
| Umngcele | Shrub cishe ukuphakama okungama-80 cm. Izimbali zombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Amahlamvu aphambene; kukhona ama-denticles ngasemaphethelweni. | |
| Kukhishwe | Isiqu siphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-200. Sinohlelo lwezimpande oluhlotshiswe kakhulu oluhlobo oluvundlile. Ubukhulu bama-inflorescence yi-10-12 cm, umbala uphuzi ngokugqamile. |
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Phakathi kwe-rudbeckia yaphakade, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezihehayo:
| Buka | Incazelo | Izici Zokunakekela | Izinhlobo |
| Shiny (kukhazimula) | Iphikisana neqhwa, inesiqu esiqondile esifinyelela kuma-60 cm. Amahlamvu ayakhuphuka, ancishisiwe. Ububanzi be-orange nobomvu buds bu malunga ne-9 cm, ama-inflorescence abunjwe lwenkanyezi. Isikhathi sezimbali sisuka ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla. | Kutshalwe enhlabathini evundiswa izakhi endaweni ekhanyayo. Ukhula namaqabunga omisiwe asuswa njalo. |
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| Isikhulu | Ezweni lasekhaya - eNyakatho Melika. Ikhula ibe yi-1.5 m. I-Foliage - iluhlaza okotshani, embozwe ngentambo i-waxy. Amahlumela aphuzi okujulile. Iqhakaza kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. | Kutshalwe emthunzini oyingxenye noma ngaphansi kwelanga ngqo. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhula, wonke ama-peduncle ayasuswa. | Musa ukuphuma. |
| Ntshonalanga | Isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso i-herbaceous, isiqu sikhula sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amahlumela akhiwe ngesigaxa noma abunjiwe. Iqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noJuni kuya ekwindla yokuqala. | Ukhule ukhanyiswe kahle, uvaliwe ezindaweni ezisalungiswa. Inhlabathi ekahle iswelwe loam. |
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| I-Hybrid | Isiqu sikhula sibe yi-1,2 m, siqine, sihlume kakhulu, sibe yi-pubescent. Foliage ngesimo seqanda noma i-oval. Ubungako bama inflorescence buvela ku-20 kuye ku-25 cm, onsundu-ophuzi noma onsundu-onsomi. | Babekwa ezindaweni ezinokhanya kahle ngenhlabathi enomswakama nekhululekile. Bondla kabili ngesizini. Ama-inflorescence owomile asuswa njalo. |
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Khula i-rudbeckia yonyaka kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
I-rudbeckia yonyaka itholakala kusuka imbewu esebenzisa izithombo, noma ngokushesha ibekwe endaweni evulekile.
Kuzithombo ezazinamandla futhi zinempilo, udinga ukulandela ubuchwepheshe bokutshala kwabo.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile kuyindlela yokukhula kwe-rudbeckia eRussia. Kepha okususa le ndlela ukuthi imbali egcwele ngokugcwele itholakala kuphela emva konyaka. Ukuthola isitshalo esinempilo, abatshali bezimbali balandela imithetho ethile yesikhathi sokutshala nobuchwepheshe.
Isikhathi sokufika
Imbewu iqala ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini maphakathi nehlobo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyelwa kubhekwa njengenkathi ukusuka ekupheleni kukaJuni kuya kumhla wamashumi amabili kuJulayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali kulindeleke kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Lapho ukhetha le ndlela yokutshala, izitshalo zilandela lecebo:
- umhlaba uthukululwa kusengaphambili futhi kunezelwa izinto zokumbiwa kuwo;
- dala ama-grooves ajule ngo-1.5-2 cm uwafake kubude obufanayo;
- imbewu ibekwa ngokulinganayo, ibheka isikhathi esiphakathi kwezihlahlana zesikhathi esizayo eziyi-15 cm;
- izinto zokutshala zifafazwa ngesendlalelo somhlabathi owomile;
- umbhede wengadi uniselwa ngokucophelela futhi ufafazwe ngaphandle kwesibhamu sokufafaza, kwenze ngokucophelela lokhu ukuze ungagezi izinto zokutshala.
Ngemuva kokufika, ungakhohlwa ukuhamba: ukhula uyasuswa, kukhula ukhula, kuthulululwa umhlabathi. NgoSepthemba, ama-rosette amaqabunga amancane asevele ephuma emibhedeni, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ayizihlahla ezikhule ngokugcwele.
Izithombo
Izithombo zisetshenziswa abalimi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yokuqala yentwasahlobo (Mashi-ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli):
- Zitshalwe emikhunjini ekhethekile futhi imbozwe ngenhla nge-ungqimba oluncane lomhlaba, kufafazwe kancane ngamanzi aqhamuka ebhodleleni lokufafaza (kufanele kufudumale futhi kuxazululwe).
- Isitsha simbozwe ifilimu, sathuthelwa egumbini elinokushisa kuka + 20 ... +22 ° C. Amahlumela okuqala avela esikhathini kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyi-14.
- Izitshalo zihlala zithambisa umswakama, zinikeze umoya umoya bese zihlanze ifilimu kusuka ekujuleni. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamashidi amabili ahlala njalo, yifaka esikhundleni ukuze kube khona ibanga elanele phakathi kwawo.
- Lapho izimbali ziqala izimpande, ziyafutheka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, adluliselwa nsuku zonke ku-loggia noma kuvulandi amahora angama-2-3.
Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle
Lapho izithombo sezakhiwe ngokuphelele (ishumi leminyaka lokugcina likaMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngemuva kokungabikho kwamafriji okubuya), zidluliselwa engadini, lapho zidinga khona ukunakekelwa okuthile:
- Ukunisela. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe endaweni enamabala amahle, ngakho-ke isimo somhlabathi sibhekwe njalo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, imvamisa yokusebenzisa umswakama kabili ngesonto.
- Izihlahla. Ukuqinisekisa izimbali eziningi futhi ezinde, ama-inflorescence omisiwe asuswa njalo. Ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo, izihlahliza zihlanza ngokuphelele, zimboza izimpande ezisele ngamahlamvu omisiwe namagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile, bondliwa kabili ngesizini. Ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali, wethulwa ngoMashi ukuze kusheshiswe ukwakheka kwekhisi eqinile futhi enamandla. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 (isipuni se-nitrophosphate nge-10 amalitha koketshezi).
Izici zokukhula kwe-rudbeckia yaphakade
Izinhlobo ezingapheli zeSuzanne enamehlo amnyama zikhula ngokutshala imbewu zingene emhlabathini. Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ukuphela kwentwasahlobo noma ukuqala kwehlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala kahle. Zonke ezinye izinto ziyafana nokutshala unyaka nonyaka, kuphela isikhathi esiphakathi kwembewu singama-30-40 cm.
Ekwindla, izihlahlana ziyantshontsha futhi ziqhubekele endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngemuva kwalokho izimbali ziyathenwa futhi zifakwe phakathi ukuze i-rhizome ingahlushwa isithwathwa. Izimbali kulindeleke ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukuzalanisa iRudbeckia
Enye indlela yokukhiqizwa kwesigqoko selanga ukwahlukaniswa kohlelo lwezimpande. Kwenze njalo ngeminyaka engama-5-6. Isihlahla esidala esikhulayo sikhishwa emhlabathini bese sihlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo ezintsha zitshalwa emhlabathini ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokuphakama okungama-30-40 cm phakathi kwazo.
Le ndlela ilungeleka kahle uma imbali ikhula ngokusebenzayo. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu ukuqala kwentwasahlobo noma ukwindla.
Izifo zeRudbeckia nezinambuzane
Ngesikhathi sokutshala i-rudbeckia, ingahlaselwa izinambuzane noma izifo.
| Izimpawu | Isizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Inhlanganisela emhlophe emhlophe kwesiqu. | I-Powdery Mildew | Fafaza ngephesenti elilodwa lekhambi le-sulfate yethusi. |
| Brown amabala phezu amaqabunga, buthaka yabo kanye nokuwa. | Ileode leaf. | Belashwa ngemithi ye-Bazamide, Nemafos noma ye-Nemagon. Izitshalo ezithinteke kakhulu ziyabiwa futhi zichithwe. Endabeni yezinhlobonhlobo zonyaka, yonke imfucumfucu yazo yesitshalo iyashiswa ekwindla, inhlabathi igaywa ngokucophelela futhi ithulwe ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate. |
| Imigoqo kumahlamvu. | Izibungu kanye namacimbi. | Kuqoqwe ngesandla. Isitshalo siphathwa nganoma yisiphi isikhunta. |
Ngokutholwa kwesikhashana kwezinambuzane noma izifo nokuqedwa kwazo, lesi sitshalo siyojabulisa isikhathi eside ngokubukeka kwaso okunempilo nokuqhakaza izimbali.
I-Rudbeckia ingesinye sezihlahla ezingabekezeleleki, ngakho-ke ngisho nokunakekelwa okuncane okuvela kubalimi (ukuchelela ngesikhathi, ukuthena nokugqoka okuphezulu) kuzokuvikela ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
