Ukufafaza izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza

Ukulondolozwa kahle kwengadi nokufafazwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo kusuka kwizilokazane nezifo kuzosiza abahlali behlobo ukuthola isivuno esikhulu samajikijolo nezithelo.

Ukwelashwa kwengadi yasentwasahlobo

Ngokuqala kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo kanye nokuvuka kwemvelo, umsebenzi wezinambuzane zezihlahla uvuselelwa: adla amathenda amancane kanye namaqabunga amadala.

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanelekile kuyisiqinisekiso sokuvuna okuhle

Amakhukhunathi nezimbungulu zincela izijusi zezitshalo, okudala ukulimala okungaguquki. I-infield ifushane ukuvuna, ukufa kwezihlahla zezithelo kungenzeka.

Inqubo ingadi yasentwasahlobo, yenza izinqubo ezilandelayo:

• ukucekelwa phansi kwamabheshu;
• ukumba uzungeze imibuthano yesithombo sezinsimbi - izindawo zezinambuzane eziyingozi;
• fafaza izihlahla nezihlahla.

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubongwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-ovari nezithelo, lapho ubuthi bungabuthana khona.

Isabelo esicebile semikhiqizo yemvelo kanye neyamakhemikhali siyatholakala ukuthonya ngempumelelo ama-pathogen. Kepha abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukusabalalisa ngezindlela zabantu.

Inqubo ebalulekile yasentwasahlobo engadini

Kuyasiza ukuba abalimi bokuqala baziqalele lapho beshaya izihlahla entwasahlobo ukuze bahlukanise ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kokutshala ngezikhathi ezithile. Isikhathi esilinganiswayo sokufafaza izihlahla zezithelo ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo siyahlukaniswa:

1. Kuze kube maphakathi noMashi. Abalimi bayakhathazeka ngokuqeda izimuncagazi eziye zabanda kule cortex, amaqabunga asontekile kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo kuze kube ukuqhuma kwamahlamvu. Ukusebenza kancane kwesihlahla kugcwele imiphumela ekuvuneni.
2. Ephreli - 1 kanye nama-2 eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-buds akha intshiseko yokwakha. Akulimazi ukufafaza izihlahla ngezinto ezikhulisayo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuvimbela amaqanda ukuthi angawa. Ngo-Ephreli, izitshalo zingangenwa yisifo fungal. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afakazelwe azoxazulula inkinga.
3. Kuze kube uMeyi 15th. Ukuqedwa kwamahlamvu, ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla namakati, ukubukeka kwamaqanda. Isikhathi esinzima sezilimo zezithelo, ngoba usengozini ephezulu yezifo. Izakhamizi zasehlobo ngokuqinisekile zizobona isimo samahlamvu namagatsha.
   

   Ikhalenda lengadi yasentwasahlobo

   Ukuvela kwamabala noma ukuguquka kombala kuzodinga ukusungulwa kwezizathu kanye nokuvikelwa okuphuthumayo kwama-plantings.

Ukushiswa kwamagciwane kwezihlahla zezithelo, izindlela zokulawula

Uma amagatsha amasha esoma ezitshalweni, kuvela okomhlophe obisini, oluphenduka nsundu emoyeni, izithelo zincibilikisiwe, kuyisifo. Uma kwenzeka ukushiswa kwamagciwane ezihlahleni zezithelo, izindlela zokulawula nempumelelo zinqunywa yisigaba lapho kutholakala khona isifo se-phytoball nokwelashwa. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe (kusuka kokulula kuya kokukhulu) zixhomeke kulunga lomonakalo:

1. Ukutholwa kwezimpawu zokuqala kuhambisana nokususwa kwamagatsha nokushiswa kwawo. Bacubungula indawo yokusika nge-sulfate yethusi ngesilinganiso semali eyi-100 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi noma u-0,7% nge-sulfate yensimbi, besebenzisa u-70 g ngebhakede le-10-litre ka-ketshezi.
2. I-Azofos (isixazululo esingu-5%) iyasebenza, imithi elwa namagciwane: i-50 μg / ml ngayinye - iRifampicin, i-Streptomycin, iGentamicin, i-Chloramphenicol; I-20 μg / ml - i-nalidiotic acid, i-Kanamycin. Cwilisa amathebulethi ampoule / 1-2 ku-5 l koketshezi. Imithamo yanele izithombo ezincane ezingama-8-10. Isikhathi esihle sokucubungula izihlahla ngoMeyi-Juni.
3. Uma lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, ingadi iphathwa kathathu nge-Tetracycline kanye ne-Streptomycin (ngamalitha ayi-10 koketshezi olungena-1000) ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5.
4. Cubungula kahle isihlahla nge-Bordeaux ketshezi (1%). I-vitriol engaphezulu iyimbangela yokushiswa kwamahlamvu. Isilinganiso sokufafazwa yizikhathi ezingama-7-8 ngama-ejenti aqukethe zethusi (0.5-0.7%). Kusetshenziswe futhi i-Abiga Peak. Izindlela zokwelapha ezi-5 zenziwa ngekhambi elihlanganisiwe: 0.3-0.4% - ezihlahleni zama-apula, zamapheya - 0.4-0.6% Ukufafaza isihlahla kuyasebenza ekuqaleni nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nasekupheleni.

Ukulungiswa kwengxube yeBordeaux yokufafaza

5. Nge-lesion enkulu, abantu bayasiphula bayishise. Inqubo efanayo ilindele ukutshala endaweni engaba amamitha ayi-5, yize ibukeka kahle. Lo mqhudelwano usesendaweni ukuze uqede lesi sifo futhi ungasabalalisi ezweni. Amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe kumele ahlanjululwe nge-formalin noma i-carbolic.

Ukushiswa kwamagciwane kulula ukukuvimbela kunokulapha. Thatha izindlela zokuvimbela:

• ukulwa nemithombo engaba khona yokutheleleka: i-hawthorn yasendle nezihlahla zezithelo, ukuzisusa eduze kwendawo yengadi;
• fafaza izinambuzane ngendlela ehlelekile engadini ukubulala izinambuzane futhi kunciphise nengozi yokwazisa ngamagciwane kusuka ngaphandle;
• hlola njalo ngaphezulu kwesihla somuthi, amaqabunga, amagatsha namahlumela - ukuthola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi kuzosiza ekunqobeni.

Ungabhekana kanjani nesibazi

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zikhombisa uqweqwe ezihlahleni zezithelo:

• ukukhanya okulandelwayo okuluhlaza kumaqabunga amancanyana aya eba mncane ngokwindla bese kuba mnyama ngaphandle kokwelashwa;
• izithelo ezingavuthiwe esihlahleni;
• ukuwa kwamaqabunga ekupheleni kuka-Agasti;
• ukudumba kwamagxolo esihlahla, ukuqhekeka nokukhonkotha;
• ukunqamuka kokukhula ngamahlumela agulayo nokufa.

Lesi sifo sithinta cishe yonke ingxenye yesihlahla.

Scab ku-apula kanye neparele

Ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali, okulungile ekuqaleni noma maphakathi nenkathi yentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwamaqhubu, uma kuneqondo lokushisa elizinzile, kuphikisana nezifo ze-phyto. Okwesibili kufafazwe esigabeni sokuhluma. Bese beyicubungula lapho isihlahla siphela noma isivuno sesivuniwe. Isimo sesihlahla sinquma inqubo.

Ukulwa ngempumelelo nesibazi izindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Ingxube yeBordeaux. Fafaza isihlahla ngama-buds futhi esigabeni se "cone eluhlaza". Uma kunesidingo, buyisela emuva kokuqhakaza. Yenza ama-1-3 manipullies phakathi nenkathi. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngokumelene ne-moniliosis nokubona ezitshalweni zikaphayini.
2. I-Baktofit. Ngenkathi yokukhula, izindlela zokwelapha izihlahla ezi-3-4 ziyenziwa.
3. Abiga Peak. Ukufafazwa oku-4 kwenziwa ngesixazululo se-fungicide (0.4%) isikhathi sehlobo.
4. I-Agate-25k. Umkhiqizo wezinto eziphilayo awunangozi kubantu, izinambuzane ezizuzisayo nezilwane.

Izindlela ezihlukile zisebenza esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo. Ukufafaza okuwusizo nge-mustard powder. Isixazululo senziwe ngo-10 l wamanzi afudumele, lapho isinaphi esixutshwe nenani elincane sihlanganiswa.

Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusebenzisa i-potanganum permanganate empini yokulwa nesibazi. Imvamisa, ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, amabala amancane amancane ahlala emaqabungeni, okungeke kulimaze isihlahla futhi kunyamalale ngokungabonakali.

Ukufafaza, kusetshenziswa isixazululo sikasawoti kanye nokufakwa amakhambi kuma-Horsetail.

Izimbali nokufafaza izihlahla

Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, izihlahla ziphathwa kusukela enundu esekhisini, isigaxa, amabala. Ochwepheshe baluleka ukusebenzisa ama-70 g weKarbofos, engezwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi afudumele. Kungenzeka yini ukufafaza izihlahla ngesikhathi sezimbali? Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, ukufafaza engadini kwenqatshelwe. Ukunakekelwa kokutshala kuncishiswa ekubhujisweni kokhula nokutshala.

I-Boric acid yesitshalo esinempilo

Okuhlukile yi-boric acid, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izihlahla nezihlahla zezithelo ngesilinganiso sika-15 g somuthi ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.

Ungafafaza kanjani izihlahla ngemuva kokuqhakaza

Abalimi bayayithanda indlela yokufafaza izihlahla ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngemuva kokuthi amacembe awele bese kwakheka i-ovary, okutshaliwe kufafazwa ukuze kutholakale ukumelana nezifo ze-phyto.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokubhujiswa kwemikhaza ebuye isuse. Umsebenzi we-pest uboniswa ekugcineni kwezimbali. Balwa negciwane nengxube efaka:

• i-colloidal isibabule (70%) - 80 g;
• insipho ka-tar - 100 g;
• amanzi - 10 l.

Isifutho senziwa ngesimo sezulu esomile. Uma kunesidingo, phindisela. Into esemqoka isikhathi. Usawoti wePotassium ne-urea - yilokhu okuwusizo ukwelapha izihlahla ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.

I-Urea ekwelashweni kwentwasahlobo

I-Urea ngumanyolo womhlaba wonke ondla inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, usiza empini ngezilokazane zasengadini. Ukufafazwa kwe-Urea kwezihlahla nezihlahlana entwasahlobo kuyindlela yokuvimbela evikelekile nephephile.

Umqhele ufafazwa lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingu +5 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwezithelo, izinambuzane eziyingozi azisebenzi futhi zingacutshungulwa.

Izihlahla zezithelo zifafazwa ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe kusuka ku-600 g we-urea ngama-10 amalitha koketshezi oshisayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa - kumamitha ayi-10 engadi uzodinga amalitha ayi-2 we-urea oncibilikisiwe.

Umkhiqizo ubonakala ngokufafaza izihlahla zezithelo ezazigula noma zahlaselwa yizimbungulu ngonyaka owedlule.I-Urea izovikela ngokumelene:

• isibazi;
• ukushiswa kwezempi;
• didimelle.

Isixazululo se-urea sivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, aphelelwa amandla okuzala. Ukufafaza kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokusakazeka kokutheleleka kuyabongwa.

Urea, noma urea

Ukuvikela izihlahla ezifweni, kuzodingeka ukuthi kunciphiswe ama-granule ayi-0,5 wamakhilogremu ku-10 l wetshezi. Ukumiswa kufanelekile ukufafaza amaqabunga e-opal ngaphambi kobusika, ukuphepha izihlahla nohlelo lwazo lwezimpande kusuka kuqhwa.

I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezihlahla zokufafaza

I-Copper sulfate isetshenziswa ekutshaleni isiza sengadi kunoma yisiphi isigaba sezimila zesihlahla sezithelo. Esiteji sezimbali kuphela, ukucubungulwa kwezihlahla kwenqatshelwe.

Ukugxila okulandelayo kwe-zethusi sulfate yile:

1. Iyaphuma. Ingxenye ye-sulfate yethusi kwikhambi ingu-3-5%. Ukulungiselela uketshezi olungasebenzi gazi, i-300-500 g ye-potassium sulfate powder ihlanjululwe ngo-10 l wamanzi. Isixazululo sisetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane inhlabathi emibhedeni engavikelekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ukuqeda isikhunta kwizakhiwo zokhuni. Isixazululo sokushiswa asisetshenziselwa ukucubungula izitshalo.
2. Ukwakheka nokwakheka kwe-prophylactic kuqukethe i-sulfate yethusi (0.5-1%). Ingxube ilungiswa kusuka ku-10 l wamanzi, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-50-100 g yokulungiselela ithusi. Isixazululo siyamelana nokutheleleka okuyisikhunta: i-anthracnose, amabala, i-coccomycosis, ithumba, i-septoria, i-curly, ukubola. I-Copper sulfate iqhuba ukuphathwa kwamanxeba eziqwini nakuzinqubo zesihlahla.
   

   I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engadini
3. Ingxube yokudla kanye ne-prophylactic ifaka i-sulfate yethusi ivolumu engu-0-0-0.3%. Ukwenza ukumiswa, udinga u-20-30 g we-powder ebhakedeni lamanzi ayi-10. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kufanelekile uma kuboniswa izimpawu zokubulawa yindlala kwezihlahla: i-chlorosis yamahlamvu, ukusonteka kwamathiphu, ukuqina komzimba. Umuthi usetshenziswa njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukufafaza engadini ngesikhathi sasehlobo.

Ungamelana Kanjani Nezinambuzane Zegadi

Isikhala sesicabucabu

Izibungu zesicabucabu ezihlahleni zihlala ngaphansi kweqabunga, zincela ubisi. I-Necrosis yakhiwa engxenyeni engenhla yepheshana ezindaweni ezihlotshisiwe - iziqu zamaseli afayo ngombala ophuzi, omhlophe noma onsundu. I-kolony yezinambuzane ifana ne-plaque ohlangothini olungafanele lweqabunga.

Ukulawula izinambuzane, sebenzisa indlela yamakhemikhali. Lapho welapha ngama-acaricides, umuntu ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kwesifutho nesishizi sokuphefumula, okokuvikela izingubo namagilavu ​​ukunciphisa ingozi yokudakwa. Sebenzisa umuthi wokubulala ukhula ovunyelwe yiRosselkhoznadzor:

• I-Sunmight ne-Apollo;
• UFlumayt noNisoran;
• U-Oberon noFloromight.

Izindlela zokuphepha zokufafaza izihlahla ngama-acaricides

Phakathi kwabalimi, izindlela zokuhlanza amakhambi, imidwebo yokufafaza izihlahla ezinegciwane ezintuthwini zesicabucabu ziyathandwa:

1. I-Dandelion. Ilungiselelwe kusuka ku-0,5 kg wamakhambi oqoshiwe, ongezwe kuma-10 l amanzi futhi afakwa amahora amane.
2. Calendula Ama-400 g wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganiswa ne-4 l koketshezi, ofakwe izinsuku ezi-5.
3. Datura. Ukuze umhluzi uzodinga i-1 kg yotshani obomile (ungawususa ngo-3 kg of fresh), othelwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi abilayo. Yima amahora angama-24
4. Celandine. I-ingcosana yotshani obomile ithululelwa ngamanzi abilayo, faka kancane.
5. Garlic, u-anyanisi. Kuzothatha ama-200 g e-husk ebhakedeni elilodwa le-ketshezi, elivunyelwe ukukunika usuku.
6. Yarrow. 500 g wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezomile zohlobo lwe-10 l zamanzi.

Ukunqoba ibhungane lamagxolo

Uma amabhungane egxolo elimele emapheya noma ezihlahleni zama-apula, lokhu kuyasayinwa:

• ukuvuleka okusaqanda noma okuyindilinga ku-crust - ukuhamba kwendiza;
• izinqwaba zikafulawa wezinkuni onsundu noma omhlophe eduze kwezinyathelo;

Faka ama-insecticides kusuka kubhungane bamagxolo angena ekujuleni kwezicubu zezitshalo emva kokuqhakaza:

• Confidor Extra;
• I-Arrivo
• I-Bitoxibacillin;
• I-Pirinex.

Ngokungena okujulile kwebhungane lamagxolo kujule esiqwini, kusetshenziswa syringing. Indlela ifaka ukwethulwa kwesirinji yamakhemikhali kwizimbobo zomoya:

• Tanrek;
• Max confidor;
• ICalypso.

Ukufakwa kwekhambi kuhambisana nokuqina kwezimbobo nge-varnish yengadi.

Indlela ye-extrusion

Ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwamabhungane amagxolo esiqeshini sengadi, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuthintela:

• isikhathi sokuhlanza nokwakhiwa okufanele komqhele wezihlahla zezithelo;
• ukususwa kwamagatsha anqunyiwe;
• ukwenza ukufafaza okuvimbelayo ngama-insecticides ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwamapharele nezihlahla zeapula;
• ukususwa kanye nokushiswa kwezihlahla ezithintekile;
• ukulungiswa kombuso wokunisela kanye nokwenza kabusha kwezihlahla zezithelo;
• ukucekelwa phansi kwamagatsha anamathambo neziqu zemithi;
• ukugcina imibuthano ethwele ihlanzekile.

Ibhande lokuzingela le-DIY lezihlahla

Ibhande lokuzingela le-DIY lezihlahla kubhekiselwa emikhiqizweni yokulawula izinambuzane esebenzayo ehle kuqala ekuthatheni bese ikhwela esihlahleni iyofuna ukudla:

• Izimbali ezimhlophe nezimbali ezingama-apula;
• imichilo nemikhaza;
• ama-aphid namacimbi;
• bukarki ne-goose.

Kunezinhlobo zamabhande okuzingela:

• yomile
• ubuthi;
• okunamathelayo.

Amabhande okuzingela owomile

Isampula kulula ukuyenza ngezindlela eziningana. Idivaysi elula kunazo zonke iyithoni ye-funnel. Idizayini ifana ne-funnel enomphumela wokubuyela emuva. Izilokazane ezingena emgodini ngeke ziphume ziphume lapho. Okwenziwe ekhaya kumane kwenziwa:

1. Thatha iphepha noma amakhadibhodi, obukhulu bawo bungama-15-20 cm, bopha isiqu sesihlahla ukuphakama okungama-0.5 m. Kuvele isiketi noma isimbozi esime ngendlela yesigaxa esinomgodi sibheke phansi. Intamo engenayo yezinambuzane ibanzi, ukuphela kuncane.
2. Ingaphezulu lesiketi liboshwe ngamawele noma limbozwe ngumbumba / ngopulasitiki.

Ibhande lokuzingela elomile

Isigaxa sobuthi

Ukuqina kwebhande lokuzingela elinobuthi kwezihlahla kuwela phansi kwesiqu. Amakhemikhali awakwazi ukungena ezimpandeni bese engena umqhele. Ibhande lihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuyi-100%: izinambuzane ezikhuphuka ngaphakathi, zibulawa yifu elinobuthi. Ilungele izihlahla zama-apula - ivimba indlela yamacimbi ezithelo. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

• thatha iphepha, iphepha, i-polyester, i-burlap, i-spunbond enobubanzi obungu-20-25 cm;
• faka lokhu okuqukethwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane bese usinamathisela esiqwini sesihlahla esiphakeme ngo-0,5 m ukusuka emhlabathini ukuthola isiketi;
• ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwezulu kobuthi, ingaphezulu lebhande lifakwe futhi ngefilimu.

Ibhande lokuzingela elilingene

Ibhande lisetshenziswa kanye nezinye izicupho, kepha kwesinye isikhathi libekwa ngokwahlukile. Ubhekana kahle nezintuthwane, izimbungulu, amacimbi. Ngezicupho zeVelcro uzodinga:

Ugibe olubi

• Iphepha lokusika elimboza isiqu sesihlahla elizungeze ukuzungeza (ububanzi - 20-25 cm);
• i-glue engasebenzi yomisa, itha / itiyela, lapho uhlangothi lwebhande lufakwa khona;
• ukulungisa isicupho ngohlangothi lokunamathela phezulu futhi ucwebezelisa izindinyana ezingenzeka ngezansi nangaphezulu kwesicupho esinamathela.

Ukufafaza engadini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuzosiza abahlali behlobo ukuthola isivuno esicebile samajikijolo nezithelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokusebenzisa futhi usebenzise ama-herbicides afanele, imikhiqizo yemvelo noma amakhambi abantu.