I-greenhouse ibaluleke kakhulu ezweni, ngoba ivikela izithombo ezitshalwe sezulu futhi isiza izithombo ukuthi zikhule ngokwengeziwe. Amabhodlela epulasitiki ayindlela enhle yokufaka ezingxenyeni ezibizayo futhi ezinokwethenjwa.
Izinzuzo nokudlanga kwamabhodlela epulasitiki njengezinto zokugcina ingadi
Njengoba kungenalutho lokwakha i-greenhouse, amabhodlela epulasitiki anezinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa okungafani nalokhu: ifilimu, ingilazi noma izinkuni.
- Ukuqina. Inikezela ngezinga eliphakeme lokwethenjwa kohlaka lokugcina ukushisa. Le nto ekhanyayo engadabuli futhi engashisi elangeni elikhanyayo ngeke ivele ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa. Ngokungafani nengqimba yengilazi, ibhodlela liqine kakhulu, ngeke liphule futhi ngeke liqhume kuqhwa olunamandla.
- Ngosizo lwemibala ehlukahlukene, kungenzeka ukuthi ulawule izindawo ezenziwa mnyama. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa okuluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu, ungakha izimo ezintofontofo zamahlumela athanda umthunzi. I-Transparent colorless - inikezela ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okusabalalisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele izitshalo emiphumeleni yazo elimazayo.
- Ukufakelwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal. Ngokwesakhiwo sayo, ipulasitiki iyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa ngaphandle kokuvimba ukufinyeleleka komoya-mpilo, futhi ngenxa yegebe lomoya ebhodleleni, ukulondolozwa kokushisa kufinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, imigqa emi-2 yeziqukathi yenzelwe ukuvikela izithombo eqandeni nasezinhlaka.
- Ukushibhile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, amabhodlela epulasitiki abiza kakhulu. Akudingekile ukuthenga, vele ubekezele bese uqala ukuvuna ekwindla. Ipulasitiki ayizilimazi izitshalo nomhlabathi, iyinto ephatheka imvelo engathatha indawo yensimbi nezinkuni, igcotshwe ngentambo yepulasitiki. Ukushisa okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngaleli zinto ngeke kubole nokugqwala; kuzosebenza njengoba kuhloswe isikhathi eside.
- Ukucubungula iziqukathi zepulasitiki kulula kakhulu futhi akunangozi, umsebenzi onjalo unganikezwa ingane. Akudingekile amakhono akhethekile kulokhu, kuphela umdlandla nesifiso somuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulasitiki ayinzima, ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa ngeke kuthathe umzamo omkhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kunenkinga eyodwa, ngoba yiluphi abalimi abenqaba lo mbono. Ukuze wakhe i-greenhouse eqinile, ezinzile engasebenzi iminyaka eminingi, kuyadingeka ukuba namabhodlela epulasitiki angama-600-2000. Kuliqiniso, kuyindaba yesikhathi nokubekezela, njengoba sesitholile inani elifanele lezinto zokuthengwa kwempahla, lonke ibandla alinzima.
Amathuluzi adingekayo
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa lo mbumbulu, ukuqala ngezilinganiso zesayithi nokuphela kokufakwa kohlaka, umhlangano wengxenye eyinhloko, amathuluzi akhethekile kufanele alungiselelwe kusengaphambili:
- ukwakhiwa kwe-awl;
- umsiki;
- i-hacksaw yokhuni nensimbi;
- isando;
- izipikili ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
- intambo ye-kapron nocingo lwethusi;
- isilinganiso seteyipu kanye ne-tepi yokulinganisa;
- izinga;
- ipensela, iphepha, umbusi;
- amabhodlela epulasitiki;
- imigoqo yokhuni;
- ukukhwela ujantshi.
Ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokwakha, kuzodingeka isidingo samathuluzi athile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlela kahle indawo yokusebenza.
Kuyadingeka ukwakha kumagilavu avikela, ukuze ungalimazi izandla, kuyalulekwa futhi nokugqoka okokugcwala okhethekile nezibuko lapho usebenza ngokhuni, ukuvimbela sawdust ukuthi kungangeni emehlweni akho nasezingutsheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka ube nekhithi yosizo lokuqala, uma kunezimo ezingalindelekile.
Ukulungiswa kwamabhodlela epulasitiki
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwegreenhouse, impahla yokuthenga kumele ilungiselelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imicimbi embalwa yenziwa:
- Okokuqala udinga ukuhlunga amabhodlela ngokuya ngamapharamitha athile, anjengombala nokufuduka. Akudingekile ukwehlukanisa ipulasitiki ibe luhlaza, nsundu futhi esobala; ukuhlunga umbala noma ukungabi namabala kwanele. Ukunemba kumele kubonwe ngevolumu ukuze kungabikho bunzima phakathi komhlangano.
- Isitsha ngasinye kufanele sihlanzwe: susa amalebula nezendlalelo ezinamathela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, adinga ukufakwa emanzini, futhi ashiywe izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngenxa yale nqubo, iziqukathi ziyabulala amagciwane futhi izinsalela zeglue zingahlukanisa kalula.
- Ngemuva kokuhlanza, kudingeka bahlolwe ngaphandle izinsuku eziningana. Lokhu-ke wukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphunga lonke elingajabulisi nelamakhemikhali liyamiswa.
Le nqubo ithatha isikhathi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukucubungula ngokucophelela isitsha ngasinye se-2000, ngakho-ke senziwa kancane kancane, njengoba kutholakala izinto ezidingekayo. Ngemuva kokuqeda ukulungisa izikhala zepulasitiki, ungaqala ukwakha.
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Indawo enhle kakhulu yendawo yokubamba ukushisa eyenziwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki iyindawo eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesakhiwo, ngokuya ngentuthuko yensimu nokubekwa kwemibhede. Izindawo ezinomthunzi eduze kwezakhiwo nam uthango kufanele zigwenywe; kubalulekile ukuthi abamba ukushisa bakwazi ukufinyelela ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga.
Iplastiki isabalalisa ngokuphelele imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwakha ukufiphala okwengeziwe. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ukuqondisa komoya, ngoba ngenxa yesisekelo esingazinzile esinama-glings aqinile kanye nezivunguvungu, lo greenhouse ingaphenduka. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umoya ungangeni esakhiweni. Uma i-greenhouse itholakala endaweni evulekile, khona-ke udinga ukucabanga kuphela ngokubeka imibhede ngaphakathi nokuqinisa isisekelo ngosizo lwezindlela ezithuthukisiwe: amathayela noma ukhonkolo. Ezindaweni ezinemvula ikakhulukazi, ukukhetha indawo kufanele kusondele lapho kucatshangelwe kusengaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuthi isisekelo singageziswanga, nesihlahla esisebenza njengohlaka singaboli, ngaphandle kwalokho abamba ukushisa kungawa, kubhubhise izithombo.
Kulokhu, udinga ukubeka lesi sakhiwo egqumeni lemvelo noma elenziwe ngobuciko, phezu kwesisekelo ngamatshe amatshe noma imfucumfucu.
Akudingekile ukwakha i-greenhouse eduze kwemibhede yezimbali nemibhede, ukuze kungonakalisi uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ngemuva kokuthi indawo inqunywe, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umhlaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunemisebenzi eminingi eyenziwayo ukukala inhlabathi nokuhlanzwa kwendawo kusuka kumfucumfucu, ukhula kanye nezinqubo zezimpande ezisele. Futhi, amatshe atholakala enhlabathini kufanele asuswe, umhlaba kufanele uthambe futhi ukhululeke. Ngemuva kokulungisa isiza, ungaqala ukumaka insimu.
Izinhlobo zezindawo zokugcina izithombo nezindonga zamabhodlela
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezivela kumabhodlela zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezingama-4 kuphela, ezingafani ngezimpawu zangaphandle kuphela: ukwakheka, usayizi, kepha nokuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani izinto ezilungiselelwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo olukhethiwe, ukwakhiwa kuzothatha isikhathi nomzamo ohlukile, kanye nenani lezitsha ezidingekayo kanye nekhwalithi yangaphambi kokwelashwa kwazo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinzuzo zalo, iziphikisi zalo futhi lusetshenziswa ngokuya ngezidingo zomgcini wegadi.
Kusuka kumabhodlela wonke
Le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokulula nokusebenziseka kwayo. Ukulungiselela izinto ezibonakalayo nokwenza umsebenzi ofanele ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Futhi, ukubonakala kokushisa okuqediwe empeleni kungokwangempela, ukwakheka kuzosebenza njengomhlobiso ogqamile wesiza.
Ukuyakha, kufanele ulandele igxathu negxathu ngemiyalo:
- Okokuqala, phansi kwamabhodlela ahlanziwe kufanele kususwe ukuze ukusikwa kucishe kube yindilinga. Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bomgodi obangelwa buzoba bube buncane kancane kunobubanzi besitsha engxenyeni ephakathi.
- Amandla amakhulu atholakala ngokuhlanganisa intambo yepulasitiki eqediwe komunye nomunye. Cindezela ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lebhodlela elilodwa usike ngaphansi kwelinye. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziqukathi azisheleli futhi zibambe ziqinile.
- Uhlaka ludinga ukulungiswa kusengaphambili. Indwangu enhle kakhulu kuzo izoba izinkuni, njengoba ilula futhi iqinile. On ifreyimu, kubalulekile ukudonsa imigqa emi-2 yezintambo ze-elastic kude nebanga elilingana nobubanzi obusondele bamabhodlela.
- Ngemuva kwalokho beka ngokucophelela amapayipi phakathi kwezintambo, aqukethe amabhodlela epulasitiki axhumeke ndawonye. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izikhala phakathi kwazo futhi zihambisana eduze nezindonga zozimele, uma kungenjalo ukwakheka kuzobe kungazinzi.
- Ukuze uthole ukuthembeka okuthe xaxa ngemuva kokufakwa, amapayipi epulasitiki kufanele avikeleke ngokucophelela nge-tepi enamathela, itayipi kagesi noma eligoqwe ngephepha elinamathelayo eliqinile. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, lesi sakhiwo sizokwazi ukubekezelela noma isiphi isimo sezulu, ngisho nasebusika: amakhethini esithwathwa eqhwa nezivunguvungu zeqhwa. Ukuxosha uzimele ekuqaleni kwesimo sezulu esibandayo kungakhethwa ngokuzithandela.
- Ukuklanywa kwalolu hlobo kuzosebenza okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, emva kwalokho kufanele kuvuselelwe, kufakwe esikhundleni setheyiphu yokunamathela namabhodlela epulasitiki angonakalisiwe.
Ngephrojekthi yalolu hlobo, kusetshenziswa iziqukathi eziqinile ezinokusukelwa endaweni eyi-1.5-2 litre. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amabhodlela kufanele abe ngosayizi ofanayo. Inani eliphansi lempahla yokuthenga yizicucu ezingama-400, akukho mkhawulo ophezulu. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, akunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi angathembekile azonciphisa impilo ye-greenhouse kuphela. Isibonelo, akufanele uqinise iziqukathi ngesipikili esikhaliphile, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngomoya onamandla, ipulasitiki izodabula futhi isakhiwo sizodilika.
Futhi, umugqa wokudoba, ozoqubuka emva kweminyaka engama-5-6 ngenxa yokuchayeka elangeni, uzokuthinta kabi ukuqina kohlaka. Intambo ejwayelekile ingabola, okuyingozi hhayi kuphela esakhiweni sesikhathi eside, kepha nezitshalo.
Kusuka emabhodleleni ebhodlela
Le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele futhi idinga umthelela owengeziwe, kepha umphumela uyawufanele umzamo. I-greenhouse ayiphansi ekuthembekeni nasekwenziweni kwezinhlaka zokhuni nezensimbi, futhi ukubukeka kufana nokuluhlaza kwengilazi.
- Okokuqala, ibhodlela kufanele lisikwe ezinhlangothini zombili, lisuse intamo nangaphansi. Ingxenye ephumayo kufanele ibe nesikwele esingunxande.
- Ukuze ipulasitiki iyeke ukugoqa, amashidi kufanele asulwe ngokucophelela ngensimbi, esebenzisa iphepha eliminyene.
- Izikhala ezihlukaniselwe kufanele zibe ngu-17x32 cm, emva kwalokho zingathungwa kanye nocingo lwensimbi.
- Amashidi eplastiki adinga ukubekwa ngaphezulu komunye nomunye ukuze kungabikho sikhala phakathi kwawo.
- Amapuleti aqediwe kufanele avikelwe ngamazipho ohlakeni.
Ukushisa okuluhlaza okwenziwe utamatisi namakhukhamba
Umgomo oyinhloko walolu hlobo lokuklama ukuguqulwa kwamabhodlela anepulasitiki enemibala futhi esobala, okuholela kumphumela wokufiphaza, okuthinta kahle ukukhula kwamakhukhamba notamatisi.
- Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha ujantshi ofanele ukuze uhambisane nokuphakama kwesakhiwo sonke.
- Amapulangwe epulasitiki avela kumabhodlela anamathiselwe emizileni esebenzisa isibhamu sefenisha. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinto zomsebenzi zilingane.
- Ngaphakathi, ungafaka futhi ifilimu ukuze uthembeke ngokwengeziwe nokufakelwa.
Izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezincane
Ukwenza i-greenhouse enjalo kulula kakhulu: vele ususe phansi kwebhodlela bese ulimboza ngesitshalo. Umphumela uba yi-greenhouse yomuntu ngamunye. Isembozo kufanele sivulwe njengoba kudingeka umoya omncane.
Ukugcina ukushisa okunjalo kungasetshenziswa kokubili endaweni evulekile nasendlini lapho kukhula izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlukanisa ibhodlela ngesigamu bese wenza umgodi ngaphansi kwephayiphu, ugcwalise inhlabathi lapho futhi umboze ngesiqeshana sesibili esivela phezulu. Amabhotela anconywa ukuthi akhethwe ngenani lamalitha ama-3-8, kuya ngosayizi wezithombo.
