Ukuze utamatisi ukhule ngenkuthalo futhi uthokozise umlimi ngezithelo ezinkulu ezimnandi, kufanele zinakekelwe ngokucophelela.
Umanyolo okhethwe kahle futhi owenziwa ngesikhathi uzosithinta kahle isimo sesitshalo.
Ukutshala Utamatisi: Ukukhuphula Ama-oliveers ngama-Fertilizer
Ngesikhathi kusungulwa izithelo, utamatisi udla amandla amaningi, ngakho-ke adinga ukwesekwa ngezakhi zomzimba. Ukukhiqiza kufanele kwandiswe ngosizo lwamanyolo wezimbiwa. Kuyadingeka ukunaka izinto ezakha izixazululo. Ngakho-ke, i-potassium ibaluleke kakhulu kwisitshalo, njengoba inikeza ithoni, ikhulisa ukumelana futhi ikhulisa inani lezithelo. I-Urea kwimithamo emincane ihambisana nokuvuthwa okusheshayo kanye notamatisi wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu entwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezincane. Ngokwengeza into e-organic enhlabathini, ungafinyelela isivuno esiningi nge-pulp emnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo ubeka isisekelo sokuthuthuka nokwakheka kwamagatsha, izithelo lapho kuzovela kamuva.
Ukugcotshwa ekwindla
Ukulungiselela utamatisi okhulayo kufanele kuqale ekwindla, ngakho-ke kufanele unqume kusenesikhathi indawo yemibhede nokulima kuyo le ndawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sidinga ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izilimo ezitshalwe lapho eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngoba ngemuva kwamazambane noma ama-eggplant amagciwane ayingozi ahlangana emhlabathini, okuholela ezifweni ezinzima ezihlobene notamatisi. Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi evundile, ye-chernozemic enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomsuka wemvelo, ezinconyelwa ukuthi zengezwe ngokuzimela, ngokwesibonelo: ama-mullein, umquba kanye nokudonswa kwezinyoni okuxutshaniswe nomhlaba kuzosebenza njengesisekelo esihle sotamatisi esizayo.
Kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-peat noma into ye-organic enhlabathini ethambile. Kulokhu, i-sawdust, amalahle kanye namagxolo asikiwe aphelele. Utamatisi ukhula kabi enhlabathini ene-acidity ephezulu, izindawo ezinjalo kufanele zigwenywe. Kodwa-ke, ungenza futhi umhlabathi ube ntofontofo izitshalo ngesandla ngokufaka isikhunta esisikiwe noma nge-limestone echotshoziwe ngamanani amancane. Uma i-acidity iphakathi, kufanele ikhawulelwe ekwenzeni i-powder kusuka ku-chalk, umlotha.
Umvundisi wezithombo ezincane
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kumele ihlanzwe ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa isisombululo samanzi nosawoti onenqwaba yama-5%. Inqubo yenziwa cishe imizuzu eyi-10, emva kwalokho imbewu kufanele igezwe ngokucophelela futhi ishiywe emanzini ahlanzekile, anqunyiwe amanye amahora angama-15 ukuya kwe-20, ukuze akhukhumele futhi athathe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ngomhlabathi, ungathenga ama-substrates eyenziwe ngomumo, khona-ke okondla okwengeziwe akwenziwa. Kwesinye isimo, kunconywa ukunisela inhlabathi kusenesikhathi nekhambi elibuthakathaka le-potanganum permanganate bese uyishiya isomile ngokuphelele amasonto ama-2-3. Igciwane eliyingozi alisoze lavela enhlabathini enjalo, futhi lesi sitshalo sikhula siphilile futhi siqine.
Ngemuva kokutshala, kufakwa umanyolo womhlaba wonke wamatamatisi, izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-ketshezi zilungile ikakhulukazi. I-Organic kungcono ukuthi ungayihlukumezi, ikhawulele kumathebhulethi we-peat kanye nomlotha wezinkuni. Lapho amahlumela eba namandla, bese amaqabunga okuqala eqala ukwakheka kuwo, udinga ukunisela inhlabathi nge-infusions ebuthaka yamakhambi (i-nettle, umama ongizalayo, ukhula, njll.), Okuzothinta amandla nokulwa notamatisi ezifweni.
Ungawondla kanjani utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Emavikini ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezincane esizeni, kufanele kwenziwe imisebenzi ethile. Isibonelo, bumba ngokucophelela inhlabathi bese uyixuba nomquba. Kunconywe ukwethula umanyolo wamaminerali, ikakhulukazi oqukethe i-nitrogen ne-phosphoric emithanjeni emincane, okuzoba nomthelela ekuvumelaniseni masisha nasekuhlalisweni kwezitshalo emhlabathini omusha.
Lapho ukhula, kungcono ukondla utamatisi nge-organic, okuyisisombululo somquba namanzi. Ukulungiselela kulula kakhulu: udinga ukugcwalisa ibhakede cishe ingxenye yesithathu, bese uthele uketshezi ngaphezulu, uhlangana kahle. Ingxenye yesisombululo yengezwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, emva kwalokho ingeniswa emhlabathini. Amagciwane aqala ukucubungula ukumnika ngezinsuku ezingama-5-7. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphakeme, utamatisi ungondliwa nge-urea ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe.
Ungawondla kanjani utamatisi endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ezitshalweni zokugcina ukushisa, kukhona okufihlayo ekunikezelweni. Okokuqala, kufanele unake inhlabathi, okufanele idlulise umoya-mpilo kahle. Kunconywa ukufafaza umhlaba we-turfy, isihlabathi ne-humus ngaphezulu, ukwengeza isipuni se-potassium sulfate. Lokhu kubumbeka kuzokwenza inhlabathi ibe nomsoco kakhulu, inikeze isitshalo indawo enethezekile kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula.
Emavikini okuqala ayi-2, kusetshenzelwa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe utamatisi omncane uphilile, njengePlantafol, i-Epinom Extra. Ingavundiswa nezinye izixazululo zamaminerali eziqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium, ezibalulekile ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwezitshalo. Uma Umanyolo ezimpandeni ungalethi imiphumela efanele, kufanele uye ekugqokeni okuphezulu kwefoliar. Kulokhu, i-calcium nitrate isetshenziswa ekuhlanganeni kwezipuni ezi-1 nge-10 wamalitha wetshezi.
Kuluhlaza okuluhlaza okotshani, utamatisi uvame ukuqala ukugatsha ngentshiseko, kuyilapho izithelo zihlala zincinci bese ziyeka ukukhula. Ukuvimbela le nqubo, kubalulekile ukwethula isisombululo se-superphosphate engxenyeni yezipuni ezintathu ngebhakede lamanzi lingene emhlabathini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza
Lapho kuqhakaza izimbali, kufanele unake ngokukhethekile ukukhetha komanyolo, ngoba ikhambi elingalungile liholela emiphumeleni emibi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo wendawo yonke (Kemira, Wagon). Ingalungiswa ngokuzimela: hlanganisa i-potassium sulfate ngevolumu engekho ngaphezu kwe-1 isipuni, i-0.5 l yomquba owuketshezi, u-7-9 l wamanzi agobhozayo. Ukumiliselwa okunjalo kwethulwa ngaphansi kwempande cishe izikhathi ezi-2.
Enye indlela enhle kumanyolo wamaminerali yi-nitroammophosk, isipuni esisodwa sanele ngebhakede le-liquid.
Umanyolo we-Organic, ikakhulukazi ama-chip izinkuni kanye nekhambi elibuthakathaka le-humus, unomphumela omuhle. Ukusuka kumakhambi esintu, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukumiliselwa kwemvubelo, utshani, i-iodine nomlotha kulungile.
Ukufaka umquba ngesithelo
Lapho izithelo seziqala ukubonakala, udinga ukuya esigabeni esilandelayo sokuphaka:
- Amaviki amabili okuqala anconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-superphosphate ekuqoqweni kwesipuni esingu-1 ngebhakede. Lokhu kuzosiza utamatisi osemusha ukwakha kahle futhi isheshise inqubo yokuvuthwa.
- Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukwenza i-mineral complex equkethe izakhi eziningi zokulandela, iodine ne-boron ngangokunokwenzeka, okuthinta ukuqina kwepulpiti. Ukufakwa okunjalo kufanele kulungiselelwe ngokwayo: kuyadingeka ukuxuba i-boric acid encibilikisiwe emanzini abilayo nge-10 ml ka-iodine we-5%, i-1-1,5 l yomlotha ohlanziwe ekungcoleni futhi uthele isisindo esikhona sama-10 l wamanzi abalekayo. 1 litre yenkimbinkimbi ecebile yanele ehlathini.
- Noma kunjalo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuthengiwe endaweni yonke, ezimweni ezinjalo ubungozi bokushiswa kwamakhemikhali uma umthamo wezinto ungalunganga uqedwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungangeqi imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthela, ngoba izakhi eziningi ezethulwe zigxotshwa izimpande bese ziwela kumatamatisi wokuvuthwa, zithinta ukwakheka kwazo nokunambitheka kwazo.
Amakhambi esintu ukondla utamatisi
Abalimi basungule izindlela eziningi zokufaka umanyolo, kwezinye izimo eziphumelela kakhulu kunokuba zithengiwe. Usebenzisa izinto ezitholakala kalula, ungagwema izindleko ezingadingekile zezezimali, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini efakiwe komsoco.
Ash
Kubhekwa njengomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba uqukethe ama-micronutrients amaningi (i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium) esebenza ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zamatamatisi, ibanikeze ubungqabavu. Ngendlela eyomile isetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ukutshala izitshalo - kufafazwa ngemigodi yokutshala, futhi futhi ngezinga elincane kufakwa emhlabathini lapho kukhula izithombo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, umlotha kufanele uqale uvalwe udoti kanye nokunye ukufakwa. Kokunye, kunconywa ukulungiselela isixazululo somlotha, esimuncwa utamatisi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cishe amalitha ayi-7 amanzi axutshwe ne-250 g yomlotha. Kuyisiko ukondla ngaphansi kwempande ngalokhu ukumnika.
Amaqabunga, amahlumela nezithelo ezisencane zicutshungulwa ngendlela ehlukile: 250-300 g yomlotha kufanele ifakwe kumalitha ama-3 amanzi, bese ubilisa isisindo esidingekayo okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Ngosuku olulandelayo, engeza amanye amalitha ayi-7 koketshezi esixazululweni bese uxuba kahle. Ngemuva kokuhlunga, ukumnika ukulungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kokugaywa
Indlela ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi basekhaya, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-100 g yemvubelo kufanele ifakwe emanzini ayi-7 amalitha amanzi, bese uhlanganisa. Kunconywa ukuhambisa amanzi ngekhambi elinjalo ngokushesha, bese lisebenza ngokushesha. Uma imvubelo isomile, kufanele ixutshaniswe namanzi axazululwe ngokwesilinganiso se-10 g ngamalitha ayi-10. Bese ushiya ukumnika ubusuku.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, ungathululela ezinye izipuni ushukela. Le ndlela ithinta ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwamatamatisi, kusebenze amandla. Kubi ngoba akusondeli isitshalo izakhi zamaminerali ezilusizo ezidingekayo ezilimini ezijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukumanzisa kuphela ngemvubelo, ngaphandle kwalokho utamatisi uzogula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinto zomkhondo.
I-Mullein
Omunye womanyolo ongcono kakhulu osetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yayo emsulwa; izixazululo zivame ukulungiswa. Ukuzondla njalo akunconywa, ngenxa yomthelela onamandla ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi. Isixazululo silungiswa kalula: amalitha ama-5 amanzi axutshwe namalitha ama-3-4 womquba ukuze ibhakede ligcwele, ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, isitsha kumele simbozwe futhi sisuswe endaweni emnyama efudumele yezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Lapho sigcizelelwe, umanyolo uzoqina, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokunisela kuzodingeka ukuthi uthele ku-ketshezi futhi ekuqoqweni okungu-1: 10. Ngokuya ngosayizi wesihlahla, i-0.5 noma i-1 litre yale ngubo ephezulu iyanele kuye.
Ukumiliselwa kweNettle
I-decoction yemvelo ewusizo eyenziwe ngesisekelo salesi simila inempilo kakhulu, ngoba i-nettle iqukethe amavithamini amaningi kanye nama-mineral deposits, kufaka phakathi i-potassium ne-magnesium, okwandisa umkhiqizo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukumelana kwesitshalo kwezifo ezithathelanayo.
Okokuqala, hhayi ukuqhuma kwe-nettle kuqoqwa, kuphela izingxenye eziluhlaza ezisetshenzisiwe kusixazululo. Ngemuva kwalokho utshani kufanele bufakwe ngamanzi afudumele, amboze isitsha ngesembozo bese ushiya endaweni emnyama amasonto amathathu. Ungasheshisa ukuvutshelwa ngokubeka ibhakede elangeni, kepha kulokhu kukhona isidingo sokuxuba ukumnika ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezi-2.
Kuzoba khona iphunga lesimilo, elingasuswa ngokufafaza i-rhizome echotshoziwe ye-valerian. Ngemuva kokwenza ukumnika ngaphansi kwempande, utamatisi uniselwa kakhulu. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikhathi esingekho ngaphezulu kwe-1 ngeviki.
Ukondla Inkukhu
Kubhekwa njengomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba uqukethe izakhi zokulandela umkhondo wamaminerali ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ilitha ligcwele phosphorus ne-nitrogen, esheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa. Isixazululo silungiselelwe kusuka kwindaba entsha. Udoti ubekwa ebhakedeni ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1/3 wevolumu ephelele, emva kwalokho isikhala esisele kumele sigcwaliswe ngoketshezi. Ukufakwa kumele kushiywe amasonto ama-1-2 emgwaqweni endaweni ene-shaded, bese uxuba kahle bese ufaka amanzi amaningi, uma kunesidingo. I-5 l yesisombululo yanele ehlathini elilodwa.
Ukondla nge-iodine
Inokugxila okucishe kube ukukhula nokukhula ngokushesha. Ngokungafani nezinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isixazululo se-iodine ikakhulu sisiza ukwakhiwa kwezithelo. Ibuye isetshenziswe kaningi njengomuthi wesifo esivame kumatamatisi - ukulimala sekwephuzile.
I-tincture ilungiswa kalula futhi isetshenziswe ngokushesha: engeza ama-4-5 amaconsi e-iodine ebhakedeni loketshezi. Isixazululo esinjalo sinconywa ukuba senziwe ngokunisela ngaphansi kwempande. Ukondliwa kungaqalwa emavikini ama-2-3 ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo enhlabathini evulekile lapho sekuguqulwe. Esihlahleni esisodwa - akukho ngaphezu kwamalitha ayi-2.
Ukungezelelwa kweSerum
Njengomanyolo, i-Whey akuyona inketho esebenzayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, isetshenziselwa ukuvikela isifo esivame kangaka kumatamatisi njengokulimala sekwephuzile. Ukulungiswa kwesixazululo akusho kuthathe isikhathi esiningi. I-1 l ye-serum yengezwe ebhakedeni lamanzi, ungathululela amaconsi angama-20-30 e-iodine uhlanganise kahle. Le tincture isetshenziselwa ukugqokwa kwama-foliar. Ukufafaza kunconyelwe kusihlwa.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: ukuthi unganquma kanjani ukuthi utamatisi ubukeka kanjani
Yize utamatisi eyisiko elingathobeki, lidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele, kufaka phakathi amavithamini kanye namaminerali angeniswe kumanyolo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngesimo sesihlahla, unganquma kalula ukuthi iziphi izakhi ezengeziwe ezidingekayo zesitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephansi, amaqabunga aba mnyama, ahamba ngezimbali ancipha, futhi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu isihlahla sikhulu kakhulu, kepha amaqanda awakheki.
Uma amaqabunga esethole umbala onsomi onsomi okhanyayo, khona-ke utamatisi awunayo i-phosphorus, bese izingxenye zawo eziluhlaza okweqile ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zomile.
Lapho i-potassium ingena kulesi sitshalo ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu, kuvela amamaki emagatsheni. Lapho usonta ipuleti lamaqabunga, udinga ukuhlinzeka utamatisi ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen.
