Utamatisi ungumthombo wezinto ezinempilo kakhulu. Ngokusho kwabanye abalimi be-novice, konke ukunakekelwa kwamatamatisi kuhlanganisa ukhula ngesikhathi, ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu. Kepha ukukhulisa isivuno esicebile, lokhu akwanele.
Umthelela wobuchwepheshe bezolimo ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizeni utamatisi
Kunobuqili obuningi bokunakekela lezi zitshalo, futhi, ngokuhlukahluka ngakunye, umuntu ngamunye. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimeni ezikhulayo - abamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Lapha udinga ukukhetha izindlela ezingafanelekile ze-agrotechnical kuphela, kepha nezinhlobonhlobo zembewu. Iningi lazo zilungele izimo ezithile ezithile kuphela, kukhona utamatisi wasendaweni yonke ofanele izingadi zokugcina izithombo nomhlaba ovulekile, kanye nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Izimo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo lapho kukhula utamatisi:
- ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele lapho uthenga imbewu ehambelana nesifunda nezimo ezikhulayo;
- ukulungiselela okulungile kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala - ukwelashwa ngama-disinfectants, ukukhuthaza ukukhula;
- ukudala izimo ezilungele izithombo - ukufaka umquba inhlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukukhanyisa okwanele, izimo zokushisa ezifanele, ukuthambisa okuvamile;
- ukukhethwa kwendawo yombhede, ukulima, umanyolo wale ndawo;
- ukutshala okufanele izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo;
- ukuchelela, ukuvundiswa ngezikhathi;
- ukuphathwa kwezihlahla ezivela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni;
- ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi nokhula;
- ukwakhiwa kwezihlahla zamabhushi, i-garter, pinching - ngezinhlobo ezinde kuyimpoqo, ngoba isayizi ephansi naphakathi iyanambitheka;
- Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zifaka i-mulching, ikhava yesikhashana nefilimu ngenkathi kubanda, ukutshala izitshalo eziseduze ezixosha izinambuzane.
Ukubaluleka kwendawo lapho kukhula utamatisi
Lapho ukhetha isiza, udinga ukubheka ukuthi utamatisi uyalithanda ilanga futhi awakubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi. Zidinga ukutholakala emagqumeni ngethambeka eliya enyakatho-nentshonalanga.
Ochwepheshe abancomi ukuthi kuguqulwe lesi sitshalo nezinye izilimo eziseduze nommbila. Izandulelo ezinhle kakhulu yimifino enjengokhukhamba, u-anyanisi, i-zucchini kanye neklabishi. Ku-greenhouse, utamatisi utshalwe ngemigqa.
Ukukhetha inhlabathi nokulungiselela
Utamatisi ungatshalwa ngezinhlobo eziningi zenhlabathi, konke kuya ngesibalo somsebenzi wokulungiselela:
- inhlabathi kumele ibe nokukhululeka futhi ibe nomsoco, ngakho-ke kumele itshalwe ngokufanele futhi umanyolo owenele wezinto eziphilayo nowezimbiwa uyadingeka;
- i-medium kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane, utamatisi ukhula kabi emithini yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kudingeka angathathi hlangothi nefulawa ye-dolomite noma lime;
- kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezitshalwe ngesizini edlule kulo mbhede - endaweni ethe chithi saka, ngeke kusebenze ukukhulisa isivuno esihle.
Izici zokulungiswa kwenhlabathi:
- Endlini eluhlaza. Qala ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ingaphezulu lahlanzwa uhlaza olusele. Uma kudingekile, uma inhlabathi ithelelekile, ungqimba oluphezulu luyasuswa futhi yonke indawo efihlwe amagciwane ihlaselwe ngama-fungicides. Bese ufaka inhlabathi entsha enempilo, uyixube. Kunconywa ukutshala umbhede ngomquba oluhlaza (ngokwesibonelo, lwesinaphi) ekwindla - lokhu kuphulukisa futhi kunothise inhlabathi. Entwasahlobo, baphinda bulala amagciwane ku-greenhouse futhi bavundise imibhede.
- Emhlabathini ovulekile. Ekwindla, umbhede wengadi uyahlanzwa imfucumfucu yesitshalo, imbiwe ngokwethulwa kanyekanye kwendaba yezinto eziphilayo. Entwasahlobo, ukumba kuphinda kwenziwe futhi kuniselwe ngesixazululo esishisayo se-sulfate yethusi sokutholakala kwe-disinfection. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kulungiswa imithombo lapho kufakwa khona umanyolo (udaba lwe-organic, i-peat, umlotha, njll.).
Ukuthambisa inhlabathi yamatamatisi
Ngesikhathi sokukhula yenza ukugqoka okuningi. Esokuqala - isonto ngemuva kokufika, okulandelayo - njalo emavikini angama-2-3. Umanyolo owengeziwe uyadingeka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Ingxube yezokumbiwa kanye ne-organic ifakwa emanzini futhi inisele isihlahla ngasinye.
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla samatamatisi
Izinhlobo eziningi zamatamatisi zikhula kakhulu, zakha izihlahla ezinamahlumela amaningi aseceleni. Ukuze izitshalo zingachithi amandla azo emahlumela aseceleni, ziyasuswa, zishiya iziqu eziyisihluthulelo eziyi-1-3.
Futhi masonto onke, ama-stepons asafufusa nawo anqunywa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine izakhamzimba ekwakhekeni kwamaqanda. Inqubo yokubuna izihlahla yenziwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa nendawo evulekile.
Ukunisela okufanele
Isici esinqumayo sokuvama kokunisela ngumswakama wenhlabathi. Ukugwema ukubonakala kwezifo zokukhunta, akunconywa ukuba uthathwe kakhulu ngomswakama wenhlabathi. Utamatisi ubekezelela izikhathi ezomile kalula kunokuqina kokuqina. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuchelela okungu-1-2 ngeviki kuyadingeka, lapho kushisa - amahlandla ama-3-4.
Ukulima
Ukwakheka kokuqhekeka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi kuvimbela ukuhamba kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukhulula umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile ngeziqu (kaningana ngesizini), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho izihlahla zisakha kuphela. Izitshalo ezande kakhulu, zingalimala.
Ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, imibhede ihlanganiswe ngotshani, sawdust, iphepha nezinye izinto. Ubukhulu bengqimba kufanele bube cishe ngu-5-7 cm.
Umhlali wasehlobo: izimfihlo zokuvunwa utamatisi ocebile
Umgcini wegadi ngamunye unezimfihlo zakhe zokukhula utamatisi, nazi ezinye zazo:
- Utamatisi izitshalo zokuzithutha zodwa (izinhlobo eziningi). Kepha izimo ezingezinhle zingavela lapho le nqubo ingenziwanga kahle. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukushukumisa izitshalo izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto ngesikhathi sezimbali.
- Ukhuphula isivuno sebhulashi lesibili nelesithathu, afafazwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngesisombululo (ekuhlanganisweni okuphansi) kwe-boric acid. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaqanda.
- Uma umanyolo (umquba nge-peat) ungezelelwa enhlabathini ekwindla, lapho-ke uyobe ulungele kangcono ukutshala isivuno esiningi, esinamandla ngesikhathi sebusika.
Izindlela ezingezona ezejwayelekile zokukhulisa utamatisi
Abalimi basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhulisa le mifino. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izindlela ezingenhla ezizosebenza kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe lethu elikhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, izindlela eziningi zengemukeleka, ngoba ngokwesibonelo eSiberia kubanda kakhulu, futhi ngisho nehlobo akusona isiqinisekiso sesivuno esihle. Izici zokukhethwa kwendlela azikhawulwanga endaweni yesiza lapho kulinywe khona utamatisi. Enye yale sayithi ayenzi, ngenxa yezimo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlomisa ekhoneni elifanele, kuzovulwa inketho enkulu.
Indlela ngayinye yingenxa yezici zesiza esikhulayo, izifiso zomuntu ogcina izingadi.
I-Lazy (utamatisi we-tomato)
Eqinisweni, ifana ngokuphelele nendlela yendabuko yokulima. Noma kunjalo, kunomehluko omkhulu. Ngendlela ejwayelekile, izitshalo zitshalwa ngokulandelana, nebanga elikhulu phakathi komunye nomunye. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isihlahla ngasinye sinendawo yaso, kusuka lapho sondliwa ngumswakama, izakhi ezahlukahlukene zomquba.
Indlela okukhulunywa ngayo inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokufika, futhi inciphise ukuchitha amandla nesikhathi nesikhathi sokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukumba izimbobo, okulinganiselwa ku-0,3 m ukujula, nobubanzi obuyi-0.5 m. Phansi kufanele kuthululwe nge-pitchfork, noma okuthile okulungele umgcini wegadi. Lokhu ukwenza izimpande ukuthi zikhule kalula. Okulandelayo, ngqo enkabeni, udinga ukubeka isigxobo, kahle, noma nje induku eqinile. Ukuphakama kufanele kube okungenani amamitha ayi-2. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimbobo ezimbiwe ziqala ukugcwalisa ngomanyolo ezingqimbeni. Kuza kuqala ibhakede lomquba, kubalulekile ukuthi ukubolile. Ibhakede le-humus, ngemuva kwebhakede lesihlabathi. Isikhala esisele sigcwalisiwe ngenhlabathi eyembiwe.
Ngemuva kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokugcwalisa eseqediwe, "okuqukethwe" kwalezi izimbobo ezifanayo kufanele kuhlanganiswe. Vele, ungaxuba zonke izithako ezitsheni ezihlukile ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa, okokuqala, kuzoba nzima kakhulu, kanti okwesibili, kudla isikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kusuka ezweni elisele, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinhlangothi ezizungeze.
Kuze kutshalwe izihlahla ezi-5 emgodini owodwa, kubalulekile ukuthi zibe ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo. Iziqu ziboshwe esigxotsheni esiqhutshwa ngaphambili enkabeni.
Futhi, le ndlela yinhle kakhulu ngoba ukutholakala komswakama wesitshalo, izoba nethuba lokuyithola kusuka ezingxenyeni ezijulile zomhlaba kunangesikhathi sokutshala okujwayelekile. Inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe nomanyolo izonikeza umsoco ongaphazamiseki ngezakhi zomzimba zokuvuthwa ezithandekayo Izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi watamatisi zingatshalwa ngale ndlela.
Indlela yeMaslov
Iziqu zamatamatisi zinamandla okwenza uhlelo olusha lwempande, ukuze zibe yisitshalo esizimele. Ngale ndlela, zonke izenzo zisezingeni elithile, kepha ngobuntu obunjalo. Izithombo zibekwa enhlabathini ngesiqu. Kulokhu, izimpande zesitshalo ziqondiswa eningizimu. Kusale amaqabunga ama-4 kuphela ngaphezulu komhlaba, cishe.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, inqubo yokuvuthwa ishesha, ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela akamuva aphenduka abe izitshalo ezizimele ngemuva kwesikhashana, okuqinisekisa isivuno esikhudlwana. Ngale ndlela, ochwepheshe bezingadi batusa uhlelo lokubizwa ngokuthi yi-Drip irrigation.
Kukhanya
Isimo esiyinhloko sale ndlela izinhlobo ezinde zamatamatisi. Indlela ivumela ukwenza lula imisebenzi yonke yokuvuna, ukunakekela izitshalo. Njengokuxhaswa, kusetshenziswa ama-twine, anamathele phezulu kwe-greenhouse, noma kumasondo wokuwela (uma ekhona).
Indlela yesiShayina
Ngokuya ngesigaba esithile senyanga, i-Scorpio yenkanyezi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulungiswa kokutshala nokutshala izithombo kwenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithombo ezinokukhula okungaba ngu-3 cm ziyasikwa, zifakwe kwisisombululo sika-Epin futhi ziphinde zitshalwe endaweni engaphansi yezakhi, zizinisele. Mboza ngengilazi bese ubeka endaweni emnyama izinsuku ezintathu. Nakekela esikhathini esizayo njengezithombo ezijwayelekile.
Ukusebenziseka kwale ndlela ukwanda okukhulu kwesivuno, empeleni izikhathi ezi-2. Iziqu zikhulu, zinamandla ngokwengeziwe, utamatisi azithathwa kalula yilesi sifo.
Indlela yokukhula ebhakedeni
Yathandwa kakhulu, inezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kuyonga kakhulu, kusukela endaweni yokubuka indawo okuhlala kuyo isiza, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi uhambise isitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nomanyolo kuyancishiswa, ngoba awancibiliki emhlabathini, kepha aqukethe isikhala esilinganiselwe. Ngakho konke lokhu, usayizi wesitshalo ngeke wehle nhlobo.
Izinzuzo zibandakanya neqiniso lokuthi akudingeki ubhekane nezinambuzane, ngoba nje ngeke zikhule utamatisi ngale ndlela. Okubi okungathandeki ukuthambisa nsuku zonke. Kungani bengabazi? Ngoba yiyona yodwa, futhi ingaphezulu kokumbozwa ubuhle b Le ndlela.
Indlela ye-Ampel
Kule ndlela, kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluthile lukatamatisi, olunikeza izithelo ezincane, ezihlwabusayo nezineziphuzo. I-peculiarity ukuthi iziqu zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zincane, kepha azikho buthaka. Zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi zingakhula zibe yi-1 m ubude. Amahlumela awephuli, lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obuncane nesisindo samatamatisi. Isivuno sincane kakhulu kunaleso utamatisi ojwayelekile, kepha inzuzo enkulu ukuthi ingatholakala unyaka wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukukhulisa efulethini. Le yinketho enhle kulabo abangenalo uzungu lomhlaba ohlukile, noma ngenxa yokugcwala, abakwazi ukuyikhokhela, kodwa ngifuna ukuzibandakanya kulinywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lukatamatisi luhlobisa kakhulu, lubukeka luhle. Kuvunwa unyaka wonke ngenxa yokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo ezintsha esikhundleni sokuvunwa.
Lapho betshala, badinga ukunakekelwa okufana ncamashi notamatisi ojwayelekile. Abalimi batusa ukuyibeka lapho kunokhanya khona ilanga, ehlobo kuvulandi kuyinto enhle, ebusika - iwindows. Zidinga ukuthambisa kaningi, okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku. Umanyolo we-organic muhle. Bangena embizeni efanayo nezinye izitshalo. Abanye batusa ukutshala i-sage nabo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise iphunga nokunambitheka kwamatamatisi asekhulile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-ampelous. Bonke bangaphambi kwesikhathi, hhayi okumnandi kakhulu, bathanda ukushiswa yilanga. Izithelo zalolu hlobo zimnandi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwakho konke zithandwa yizingane.
Ubheke phansi
Ekuboneni kokuqala, uhlobo olungajwayelekile, ngisho nolukhuni lokutshala. Kodwa-ke, kuyenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho kutholile ukuthandwa nokuqashelwa kumibuthano ethile yabalimi. Iqiniso ukuthi isitshalo uqobo siqondiswa phansi. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgodi omncane ebhodweni okuxhunywe kuwo isiqu. Ziningi izinzuzo, okubaluleke kakhulu ukungabikhona kwesidingo sokubopha isihlahla, isidingo sokugoba ngaphezulu kwezithelo ezivuthiwe sesilahlekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, kanye nabantu abanezinkinga emuva.
Kukhona futhi “ukukhushulwa” kule ndlela.
Utamatisi ebhodweni ubekwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa okwenzelwe ngokukhethekile usayizi wehlathi nembiza. Lokhu kuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ngezimo ezinhle zokuvuthwa, kwandisa isivuno. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulungele izinhlobo nezinhlobo zamatamatisi athanda kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ama-Hydroponics
Le ndlela ilula kakhulu, futhi ithandwa kakhulu kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Iqiniso ukuthi imbiza enesitshalo ibekwe kwelinye imbiza. Okuqukethe ikhambi lezakhi. Embizeni enesitshalo, izimbobo eziningana zenziwa ezansi ukuze izimpande zikwazi ukuthola le nkinga yezakhi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kungcono ukusetha imvamisa, amabhodwe adinga ukukhishwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulawula ukukhula kohlelo lwempande.
Ngokushesha nje lapho izimpande zesitshalo zidlulile kwizimbobo ezenziwe, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani lesisombululo sezakhi ezimbizeni ezi-2 ukuze kwakheke isigodi somoya. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi izimpande zihlale zisendaweni enomswakama futhi zithola inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo.
Ukusebenziseka kwale ndlela ukukhuthaza okukhulu kohlelo lwempande, oluthinta ukukhula kwesitshalo uqobo, futhi ngenxa yalokho - isivuno.
Izindlela eziningi azigcini nje ngokusindisa isikhathi, kodwa futhi zinikeza isivuno esikhudlwana. Okuthinta ngokwemvelo inzuzo (yalabo ababandakanyekayo ekuthengisweni). Noma ungayithengisi, unganikeza utamatisi nazo zonke izinhlobo zezihlobo nabangane, bayobongwa kakhulu ngetamatisi yangempela, entsha nangawo wonke utamatisi wamahhala.
