Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula zokugcwaliswa kwe-Ural zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka kwayo.
Izithelo ze-Honey-sweet esiphundu ziphelele ekumezeni, futhi uma zihlanzekile, lezi apula azikwazi ukulingana nhlobo.
Uhlobo luni?
Apple ezihlukahlukene Ural ngobuningi (ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa nje Ural amaningi noma Ural apple eningi) ibhekisela ekubukeni kwekwindla. Ibonakala ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal ngokulinganayo. Ukumelana nobusika nesomiso kuphakeme.
Izithelo ezintsha nezitoreji ezifanele zingaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbili. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe emaqandisini (esiqandisini) noma ezindaweni zokugcina ezikhethekile ekushiseni okungaba ngu-0 ° C. Ukulinganiswa ngama-apula wesayizi kungcono kakhulu kufakwa ezitsheni zezingodo (amabhokisi, izitsha noma ama-rack).
Ukuvota
Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ye-apula engenamandla.. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impova ivela ngenxa yempova yezimbali ze-apula kolunye uhlobo. Okuhle, izitshalo zezitshalo ezimbili ezikude ngamamitha angu-5 ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Incazelo yesigaba sobuningi be-Ural
Ukubonakala kwemithi yama-apula kubonakala ngokuphakama okuphakathi, umqhele okhanyayo okhanyayo kanye nezithelo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo.
Esithombeni esingezansi ungabona ukuthi i-apula eningi kakhulu ibukeka kanjani futhi ufunde ngokungeziwe incazelo.
Ukukhula okulingana nokukhula okuphansi.
Isihlalo sobukhosi sinamaqabunga amaqabunga, obukhulu obuphakathi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobumnyama.
Amagatsha aqoshiwe cishe angama-angle angakwesokudla.
Amagxolo anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuvuthwa - okuxutshwe:
- imithwalo;
- amahlumela;
- Izinzuzo zonyaka odlule.
Izithelo zincane kakhulu, isisindo sabo Ngokwesilinganiso ngokuvamile ayidlula amagremu angu-100.
Kukhona izithelo futhi kufika ku-150-170 amagremu. Emthini, njengombuso, ama-apula afana nobukhulu obufanayo bukhula.
Ukungabi nokugqwala, ikhasi elibushelelezi, elimnyama. Ama-apula ane-saucer engajulile, emincane kanye nesilinganiso esifushane sobukhulu obuphakathi.
Isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi sikhanya. Umbala uwuphuzi wegolide. Amaphuzu angaphansi komhlaba awabonakali.
Inyama iyamanzi amaningi, i-grainy creamy white white. Ukunambitheka kuhambisana kakhulu - dessert, eduze namaswidi. Iphunga le-apula lincane.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isithelo siqukethe:
- 13.6% udaba olumile olunamanzi;
- 10.6% ushukela;
- U-0.7% ubizwa nge-acids;
- 8.6 mg / 100 g ascorbic acid.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
I-Ural ehlukahlukene ye-apple ehlukahlukene yenziwa yi-P.A. Zhavoronkov ku-Research Institute yasePolivivoszhosovody kanye namazambane akhula ama-Southern Urals ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobonhlobo zeR Red Ranetka nePapirovka.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Indawo yokukhula kwemvelo yomuthi wase-apple eningi kakhulu kubhekwa njengendawo eseduze nendawo yokukhethwa kwayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene eNyakatho-Western ingxenye yaseRussia, naseKazakhstan - kusukela ema-Urals kuya eMpumalanga Ekude kusukela ngo-1959.
Nokho, ngokunakekelwa kahle nokutshala okufanele, i-apula ifika kahle kwezinye izindawo.
Ukuthela
Ngokwezincwadi, ukuqala kwe-fruiting kuqala ngokuqala - eminyakeni 2-3 emva kokutshala isihlahla. Ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-September. Njengoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithandwa ukucubungula, kubonakala ngezikhathi ezintathu zokuvuthwa okukhishwayo:
- owokuqala - ekwenzeni amajuji (lapho inyama isasanda kusha, iqinile futhi iyamanzi);
- okwesibili - ukusetshenziswa okusha (izithelo ezivuthiwe);
- okwesithathu - ukucubungula ukwakhiwa kwejamu, i-jam noma i-jelly (izithelo ezingaphezulu, i-pulp ithambe kakhulu).
Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu, njalo, ngonyaka. Isivuno esiphezulu singama-cent cent 200 ehektheleni; kufike ku-250 kg izithelo zisuswa emthini owodwa.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Kusukela ekunakekeleni ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekuvuneni kwe-apula. I-Apple Ural iningi elingenakuzithoba ekunakekeleni futhi ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal.
Lapho utshala isihlahla usebenzisa umquba omdala.
Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka okudingekayo ukutshala lolu hlobo lwe-apula nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhethwa kukho. Izinqwaba ezihlukahlukene-ekwindla ye-apula. Ukutshala le ezihlukahlukene kuyadingeka esikhathini esisodwa kwezikhathi ezimbili:
- entwasahlobo (sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli);
- ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba).
Nokho namanje ekwindla okunconyiwe kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Ukutshala kungenziwa ngokutshala izithombo ezilungisiwe noma ezivela imbewu yezithelo.
Indlela yesibili iyathandeka kakhulu, kodwa, isikhathi eside futhi sinzima. Kungcono kakhulu kubalimi abanekhono.
Futhi kukhona ingozi ukuthi ekugcineni uzokhula umuthi ohluke ngokuphelelengakho-ke sizocubungula ngokushesha izici zendlela yokuqala.
Ukuze umuthi ukhule uqinile, unempilo futhi unhle, into yokuqala okudingekayo ukukhetha isithombo esifanele.
Uma izithombo sezivele zithengwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala i-apula. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zendawo efanelekile yokufika kwe-Ural ngobuningi:
- indawo enelanga;
- ukungabi nomoya;
- Izindawo zokuhlala zihanjiswa kahle;
- indawo yeloamy noma inhlabathi enhlabathini;
- izindawo ngaphandle kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Iphuzu elibaluleke kunayo yonke ekuqhubeni ukufika lapho kulungiswa izimbobo zokufika. Imingcele efanele yomgodi wokutshala i-apula yalezi ezihlukahlukene: 0.8 x 0.7m.
I-algorithm yokufika ilula. Ingqimba engenhla yomhlaba ovuliwe ixubene nesendlalelo esingaphansi futhi okulandelayo kuqaliswa. umquba:
- 18-20 kg yemifino yamahhashi;
- 250 amagremu ezinkuni;
- 250 g we-superphosphate;
- 100 amagremu we-potassium sulfate.
Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yomhlabathi nomanyolo ngu 2/3. Inhlabathi evundile ngaphandle komanyolo ithululelwa phezulu. I-Pit yaphuzisa futhi iphinda igcwalise ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile. Manje ungakwazi ukutshala ngokucophelela umuthi we-apula, mhlawumbe ngosizo lomuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi ubopha naye emgqeni wesibhakabhaka sesishiyagalombili.
Ngonyaka olandelayo emva kokutshala, entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukwakha umqhele owenziwe umuthi we-apula. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ekupheleni kwegatsha ngalinye.
Njengoba i-apula iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, ngonyaka wokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ugoqa zonke izimbali. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi uthole isivuno sokuqala ngevolumu enkulu.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngo-Ephreli, kubalulekile ukunisela izihlahla ezinezingxube ezivikela izilokazane. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe kabili:
- lapho amaqabunga eqala ukuvuvukala emagatsheni;
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo phakathi neminyaka emibili kuya kweyithathu emva kokutshala:
- ukubopha izihlahla ukuvikela emagundeni kanye nezinhlamvu (impahla - isikhumba, lapnik);
- ukuxubana nemibuthano ye humus pristvolnyh;
- ukuphakama phansi kuze kube ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angamashumi amabili;
- ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokuxuba okunomsoco;
- ukuchelela kwezihlahla ezinezixube ezivikela izilokazane.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Apple-tree yebanga le-Ural ngobuningi ngokulinganisela ukulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhumba, i-powdery isikhutha, izithelo zokubola noma ukushisa kungathinta isihlahla. Cabanga ngokucacile kanye nezici zalezi zifo.
Isici sesikhumba - ukunqotshwa kwamaqabunga omuthi, okokuqala, bese kunqotshwa isithelo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubukeka kwaleli fungus ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqhuma umoya ngaphakathi komqhele wesihlahla noma umswakama okhulayo.
Isifo esilandelayo senzeke kanengi ngemva kwemvula enamandla i-powdery isikhutha. Isibonakaliso saleso sifo siwukubukeka kwe-mycelium ukhunta ngesimo seqhwa elimhlophe emaqabunga emithi. Ukwelashwa kwenzeka emthini kusuka phansi kuze kube yilapho kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele esihlahleni.
Izithelo Rot - Isifo sohlobo lwefayalini, oluwela phakathi phakathi komntwana nge-cracks kanye namanxeba adalwe ngaphambilini izilwane, isichotho noma enye indlela. Isibonakaliso sokuqala ukubonakala kwesikhumba esibomvu esikhumbeni se-apula, esizokhula kuze kube yilapho i-apula ibolile ngokuphelele.
Uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziphelele eziletha umphumela wokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula:
- impova ye-sulfur colloidal kanye nama-copper;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ngokumelene nesifo;
- ukubhujiswa kwezakhi ezithintekile;
- ukufaka umquba we-potash nohlobo lwe-phosphorus;
- feed nge umquba umquba;
- I-calcium chloride yokuphalaza ngenkathi yokukhula;
- isivuno esifike ngesikhathi;
- isitoreji esifanele sama-apula.
Lezi zindlela zizogcina umuthi wakho kuzo zonke izifo.
Nokho isifo esibizwa ngokuthi ukushiswa kwebhaktheriya siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi singelapheki. Ukushiswa kubangelwa yi-bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Izihlahla ezithintekile kufanele zibhujiswe ngokushesha ukuze zingabhubhisi izinhlobo ezikhulayo eziseduze. I-agent ye-causative yinto yokuhlukanisa.
I-Apple Ural inqwaba ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi nabathengi, njengoba kuyinhloko ekunakekeleni futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inikeza izithelo ezinhle ezihle kakhulu.
Ibanga lizofaneleka ngokubili kokusetshenziswa okusha, nokusetshenzwa okuhlukahlukene.
