Izinhlobo ze-cacti: incazelo nezimpawu

I-Cacti ngumndeni omkhulu we-carnation. Isitshalo sendabuko esiseNingizimu neNyakatho Melika sesisakazeke kabanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi sathola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathandi bezimbali ezingaphandle, ngenxa yezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi.

Incazelo ye-cacti

Isiqu sinamagatsha angaguquki ahlukile - ama-areoles, okuvela kuwo ameva, ngaphezu kwalokho, asebenza njengendawo yokwakheka kwezingane. Ama-Cactus efihlekile nawo aqhakaza kulezi zihlahlana. Ekhaya, lesi sitshalo siveza kaningi ngokwengadi futhi ngokuqabukela siqhakaza. Njengamanye ama-suppulents, i-cacti iyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile nemisebenzi ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ye-photosynthesis kubo yenzeka ebusuku, ngoba phakathi nosuku i-stomata ivaliwe ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi. Isiqu siqukethe izijusi ezondla i-areola. Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswe kahle futhi lwahlwanyelwa kakhulu ukuthola umswakama omningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Abanye abamele i-cacti bayasetshenziswa ngokuqinile emasimini wokudla nasekhemisi.

Izinhlobo ze-cacti

Ngokombono webhayoloji, kunezizwe eziyi-11 nemindeni emincane engama-4, ehlanganisa iPereskievy, iMaukhienievy, i-Opuntsievye neCactus, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingafakwanga emindenini yangaphambilini eyedlule. Kodwa-ke, abathandi bezitshalo zasendlini bahlukanisa lesi sitshalo ngokuya kwezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, ngokubukeka: okufana nesihlahla, isihlahlana, i-liana, utshani. Endaweni yokukhula, ama-cacti ahlukaniswe ogwadule nehlathi, atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyinguqulo eyenziwe lula yamadolo ayi-11. Uma ubiza indawo yokuhlala nezimpawu zangaphandle, ngokushesha kuyacaca ukuthi uluhlobo luni lommeleli.

Shrubby

Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokuhluma kwamahlumela obude obuncane, kwehliselwe emhlabathini. Isici esikhethekile izimbali, ezimboza kakhulu iziqu: zinombala okhanyayo obomvu noma onsomi. Ummeleli ojwayelekile yiHilocereus, izithelo zayo ezivuthiwe ezibizwa nge- pitahaya futhi zidliwe ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezishisayo.

-Ngathi Sihlahla

Bahlukaniswa yisiqu esikhulu esikhulu esimise okwenziwe ngokufana nogobolondo engxenyeni engenhla. Ububanzi be-cacti efana nesihlahla bungafinyelela osayizi obukhulu, ikakhulukazi esimweni semvelo. Izitshalo ziyakwazi ukuba sezimeni ezisebenzayo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-300, emva kwalokho ziyeke ukukhula, kepha ziphila isikhathi eside. Ekhaya, lokhu akunakwenzeka ukukufeza. Izinhlobo eziningi, isibonelo - uCereus, akhula afike kuma-25-30 m.

Grassy

Iningi lizivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esomile nesokukhanya kwelanga. Imijikelezo yabo emhlophe ixhumeke ngokuqinile futhi bakhe uhlobo lwewebhu oluvikela isiqu sobuyili futhi siqoqe amaconsi omswakama. Usayizi omncane: 30-30 cm ukuphakama kanye no-15-20 cm ubukhulu. Ummeleli osabekayo wale nhlobo yiMammillaria. Izuze ukuthandwa phakathi kwabatshali be-cactus ngenxa yokungacabangi nokuhlobisa kwayo.

Umakhi

Izitshalo ze-Epiphytic ezisonteke neziqu zezihlahla. Ubungako bawo buxhomekeke kubude bokusekelwa, ngokwesilinganiso buba ngu-5-9 m, ububanzi besiqu buba malunga ne-2-3 cm. Izihlahla ze-Bristle zinombala onsundu noma zimhlophe ngombala Njengoba sesifinyelele ku-3 cm, ama-areoles ayanyamalala, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela amasha endaweni yawo. Kunezimbambo ezi-5-8. Le nhlobo yaziswa kakhulu ngezimbali zayo ezihlukile. Ukwenza isibonelo, abakwaSelenicerius bandise izindondo eziphuzi eziphuzi neziyindilinga, lapho zivulwa, zifana neLanga.

I-cacti yasogwadule

Ukuze uphile ezimweni zesomiso esihlala njalo kanye nezimvula ezingandile, i-cacti ekuqhubekeni kwemvelo ithole izici eziningi, kufaka phakathi izinaliti nesiqu esiminyene. Uhlelo lwezimpande lwazo zonke izinhlobo zasogwadeni lubaluleke kakhulu, kepha luyahlukahluka kubude befasitela kanye nobude. Ngakho-ke, izimpande zabamele abaningi ziyakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, zisabalalisa amagatsha amancane amancanyana ngifuna umswakama. Okunye ukuhlakanipha kubonakaliswa yinduku ewugqinsi edabula inhlabathi eyomile ngamashumi amasentimitha, ngenxa yokuthi umswakama ugcotshwa ngamanani amakhulu. Okunye okwenziwe ikama. Ngenkathi yemvula, ngokugeleza kwamanzi ngokuqondile, uketshezi luqongelela ngaphakathi kwe-cactus, ngakho-ke i-ridge iyajuluka, ithola ijamo eliyindilinga. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina umswakama futhi kuvimbele ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba. Izinhlobo zasogwadeni zibandakanya okulandelayo:

1. Izinkanyezi. Phakathi kwama-spikes amade kunezinwele eziningi ezincane. Inesimo esiyindilinga nezimbali ezimibalabala.
2. I-Ariocarpus. Iziqu zithwetshiwe, ezinwabuzelayo ziphansi.
3. Ama-Gymnocalyciums. Kungaba nombala opinki, orenji kanye nokubomvu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-chlorophyll.
4. Cleistocactus. Kumbozwe kahle imisebe emhlophe. Izimbali ziqhakazile, zitholakala phezulu.
5. ILofofora. Azikho izinaliti; ifana nethanga elisesimweni.
6. Cephalocereus. Izinaliti ezibukhali, ezinde, ezacile ezibukeka njengezinwele.

I-cacti yehlathi

Isakhiwo sabamele baleli qembu sehluke kakhulu. Iningi lingama-epiphytes, akhula ezihlahleni nasematsheni, asebenza njengosizo lwawo. Kukhona izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezidla izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo. Umswakama wesitshalo utholakala kusetshenziswa izimpande eziningi zasemoyeni. Eqinisweni, azikho ameva; esikhundleni sazo, ama-villi avela ngeziqu ezinde ezixinene. Izinhlobo zasehlathini zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuthambile kanye nomswakama ophakeme.

1. Ripsalis. Iziqu zibushelelezi, zimincane, ziyindilinga. Amahlumela afana nezinsimbi.
2. Epiphyllum. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zemithunzi ehlukahlukene.
3. I-Aporocactus. Ifinyelela ku-2 m, inombala wesiliva.

Izinhlobo ze-Domestic Cacti

Akuwona wonke ama-cacti atshalwe ekhaya. Abamele abaningi badinga ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ekhethekile engeke iphindwe ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye bayakwazi ukufinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu, ngakho-ke ukulima kwabo akukhona okusebenzayo.

Izimbali eziqhakazayo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo ezingathokozisa abanikazi ngama-inflorescence amahle amahle.

Leaf cacti

I-cacti enjalo yathola igama laso ngenxa yeziqu eziguquliwe: ziyacaba futhi zide, ngesimo sifana namaqabunga amancane. Isici esiyinhloko ukungazethembi ekushiyeni, ngenxa yalokho lezi zitshalo zithandwa kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithathwa njengezishidi:

1. ICactus Schlumberger noma i-Decembrist. Ama-epiphytes aphansi aqhakaza ebusika.
2. Ama-Ripsalidopsis. Ama-Shanks anezinothi eziningi, ama-symmetrical buds.
3. I-Pereskia. Inamaqabunga emvelo nezinaliti. Izimbali zinkulu, orenji.

Ukulima i-cactus

Cacti zinhle ngokukhula ekhaya. Bangabanikazi abangazethembi futhi abajabulisa minyaka yonke ngama-buds amahle. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abangenalwazi ekuqaleni kunzima ukuzuza ukubukeka kwe-inflorescences. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngenkuthalo, izingane ziyakha. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zangaphandle: isiqu esikhulu esinamanzi nesendlalelo eyindilinga, i-cacti inezakhiwo eziwusizo. Zinendawo engaphezulu ebamba imisebe ekhanyayo nekhanya ephuma emishini kagesi.

Inhlabathi neziqukathi ze-cacti

I-cacti idinga ukufinyelela ngqo emanzini, ngakho-ke ingxube evamile yenhlabathi ayifanele bona. Isendlalelo kufanele sibe nezinhlayiya ezinkulu ezihlukile ukuze uketshezi lufinyelele ngokukhululekile kuhlelo lwezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi efanele izoqinisekisa ukungena kwamahhala komoya-mpilo, obalulekile empilweni yesitshalo. Ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, i-cacti ifa ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ungavumeli umanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe le nto ungene emhlabathini.

Umanyolo we-Organic nawo uthinta kabi isimo sesitshalo, ubangele ubuthakathaka futhi uphazamise izinqubo zemvelo ze-metabolism. Akunconywa kakhulu ukufaka i-humus ku-substrate. Amalahle, itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi nenhlabathi eyisodoli ephelele.

Ukukhetha umthamo, udinga ukunaka umthamo wohlelo lwempande ye-cactus. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ikhula ngokuqinile emagatsheni amancanyana. Imbiza kufanele ihambisane nosayizi wezimpande, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo siyogcwala, bese siphela ukuqhuma. Ezitsheni ezinkulu kakhulu, i-cacti ayikhulisi. Ungakhohlwa ngemisele ebekwe phansi. Kungaba i-polystyrene, itshe elichotshoziwe, isinutshell noma udaka olwandisiwe. Ngemuva kokutshala, ungqimba oluphezulu kufanele lufafazwe ngamatshe amatshe, isihlabathi. Inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe njalo ukuze umoya ungene ezimpandeni.

Ukufakelwa

Lo ngumcimbi olula impela, lowo ongawukhulisa ngisho nomqashi wekhakhasi. Noma kunjalo, kufanele unamathele ku-oda elithile lomsebenzi:

1. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuyeka ukuthambisa izinsuku eziningana, ukuze izimpande zihlukane kalula nenhlabathi.
2. Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa isitsha bese usigcwalisa ngenhlabathi cishe nge-1 3 yevolumu ephelele.
3. Bese ubeka ngokucophelela i-cactus ekucindezelekeni okuncane ukuze lonke uhlelo lwezimpande lube ngaphansi komhlaba.
4. Fafaza isikhala esisele ngesihlabathi somfula noma umlotha.

Nakekela i-cacti yangaphakathi

Funda kabanzi esihlokweni ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-cacti ekhaya.

Ukunisela

Noma i-cacti ingafuneki ngokwemvelo i-hydration ejwayelekile, ukuthambisa okugcwele akukwazi ukukhishwa. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, i-cacti idinga uketshezi lwempilo ejwayelekile, kepha ngobuningi obunqunyelwe, uma kungenjalo ukubola kuzoqala. Ngomswakama, uhlelo lwempande lubamba izinto ezibalulekile zokulandela eziqinisekisa ukuqhakaza kwezimbali njalo nezitshalo. Uhlobo ngalunye lubonakala ngenani lamanzi alo, kodwa kunemithetho ejwayelekile yokunisela:

1. Sebenzisa kuphela uketshezi oluxazululiwe
2. Kunconywa ukuthambisa i-cactus ngaphansi kwempande noma ukufeza ukuthambisa okuphansi.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi akukho kushibilika kwamanzi, hlela ukudonsa kwamanzi.
4. Ezinyangeni ezifudumele ukuyisebenzisa kusihlwa, emakhazeni - ntambama.
5. Izitshalo, isiqu sazo esimbozwe ngentambo ye-wax, asidingi ukufafazwa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Uma usebenzisa i-substrate ekhethekile ye-cacti, esevele inazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, ungakhetha ukungayifaki umquba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umanyolo wamaminerali asuselwa ku-potassium ne-phosphorus afaneleke kangcono.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-liquid top dress, uyixube namanzi bese uyifaka ngenkathi yokunisela ngesikhathi semifino esebenzayo. Kaningi, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukuvundiswa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, lapho isisu sesifikile. IGuano (imithambo eyehlayo yezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo) nayo ingasetshenziswa ngokungezela ingxube yenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokutshala, kepha ngezinga elithile.

Ukufakwa kweCactus

Ukufakelwa akufanele kwenziwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 ngonyaka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala, ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngokuphelele futhi sihambisane nobusika. Umthamo omusha kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwedlula owokuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwempande ngeke lube nendawo yokuthuthuka. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbiza nengxenye elungiselelwe kufanele ihlaselwe magciwane, kuqedwe kungenzeka ukutheleleka ngefungal. Inhlabathi kufanele inyiswe, i-cactus akufanele ingcwatshwe ngokujulile, njengoba ngokunisela okuqhubekayo, isiqu esingaphansi kwengqimba yenhlabathi siyobola size sife. I-hydration elandelayo kufanele yenziwe kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4.

Indawo ebhodweni kungcono ukuyikhetha masinyane, izitshalo azithandi izinguquko zezindawo.

Uma i-cactus ingaqhakaza

Kulula kakhulu ukufeza ukuvela kwama-buds aqhakazile ahlukahlukene, udinga nje ukulandela imithetho ethile:

1. Ungaphendukeli isitshalo emikhondweni ehlukile ibheke ekukhanyeni. Kulokhu, isiqu sizogxotshwa kakhulu, kepha ikhiyubhu iyaqhakaza isikhathi eside.
2. Sebenza ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi ameva nohlelo lwezimpande. Izitshalo zithatha umzamo omningi ukubuyisa, ukuze ama-buds angabonakali.
3. Musa ukuxhaphaza ukuchelela, ikakhulukazi ebusika nasekwindla.
4. Lapho ama-buds eqala ukwakha, umanyolo awusetshenziswa, ngaphandle kwalokho i-cactus izolahla ama-inflorescence angavuthiwe.

Umhlali wasehlobo: izeluleko zokukhulisa ukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukuzala ngembewu inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ehehayo engathatha isikhathi eside.

1. Inhlabathi nesiqukathi kumele kuhlukaniswe ngomphunga noma ngezixazululo ezikhethekile.
2. Gcwalisa imbiza nge-substrate elungiselelwe kancane enomisile, ubeke ungqimba lwekheli phansi.
3. Imbewu ibekwe phezulu kude nge-3-4 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
4. Fafaza ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi noma umlotha.
5. Mboza iziqukathi ngendwangu noma ngengilazi yepulasitiki, ibekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle.
6. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, kuvela amahlumela okuqala, lapho-ke indawo yokukhosela idinga ukushintshwa kancane, kepha ingasuswa, bese inhlabathi inyanyekwa nge-sprayer.
7. Lapho kuqala izinaliti zokuqala, ifilimu kufanele isuswe bese i-cacti itshalwe emabhodweni ngamunye.