I-Guzmania ijabulisa abalimi bezimbali hhayi nje ngomhlobiso, kodwa futhi ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile. Ukugqama okuyinhloko kwesitshalo kubhekwa njengezimbali ezinhle kakhulu futhi eziyingqayizivele. Kule nkathi, ukufakelwa kwesitshalo esifanele ngesikhathi esifanele kungenye yezindlela ezimbalwa ezisiza ukulungisa isitshalo salolu hlelo, futhi kulondoloze imbali esikhathini esizayo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngemigomo eyisisekelo yokuguqulwa okulungile kweGuzman, kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu zenqubo.
Kungani futhi ngidinga kangaki ukutshala
Njengamanye amalunga omndeni wakwaBromeliad, i-Guzman isitshalo se-epiphytic esivamile sonyaka owodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokuzalana, ihamba kancane bese ifa, ishiya izinsana eziningi. Yingakho ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi esifanele kuyisimo esiyinhloko esiqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwesikhashana kanye nezimbali. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ekupheleni kwesigaba sokuphila imbali iphela ngokungahleliwe.
Uyazi? I-Guzmania yabizwa ngokuthi yi-zoologist odumile waseSpain kanye no-Botanist u-Anastasio Guzmán, owafaka isandla esikhulu ekutadisheni izitshalo nezilwane zaseNingizimu Melika.
Naphezu kokuthi ukubola kwembali kufaka, lesi sitshalo singakhula kuze kube unyaka owodwa, ekugcineni siqala ukubola futhi silahle amahlamvu, sinike amandla onke ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zezimpande. Ngakho-ke, emva kokukhahlela, i-shrub endala ivame ukukhishwa futhi ihlulwe ezintabeni zezintombi emva kwalokho. Uma kungenjalo, ukuhlotshaniswa kwehlathi kuyanciphisa kakhulu.
Kungenzeka ukufakelwa ngokuphepha u-Guzmania kuze kube izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka, futhi kufanele okungenani kube nezinyanga eziningana phakathi kwenqubo ngayinye. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbali izozivumelanisa ngokugcwele nezimo ezintsha kanye nenhlabathi microclimate. Noma kunjalo, izitshalo eziningi azifakelwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 eminyakeni engu-3-5. Lesi yisikhathi esivela ku-germ-child encane, i-Guzmania iphenduka isitshalo somuntu omdala, ilungele ukusabalalisa kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla esisha.
Indlela yokufakelwa kwelinye ibhodlela
Ngokuvamile, ukudluliselwa kweGuzmania embizeni entsha akubangeli ubunzima ngisho nangomlimi olungiselelwe. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi abantu abaningi abahluleki ukwenza le nqubo ngendlela efanele, yingakho isihlahla sesivele sesifile emasontweni ambalwa emva kokutshala. Imbali ibumnene ngokwanele, ngakho-ke inqubo kumele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu.
Uyazi? I-Guzmania ingenye yezikhangiso eziphilayo eziphumelela kakhulu - isitshalo esisodwa kuphela singakwazi ukuhlanza igumbi elincane lefulethini elijwayelekile ukusuka othulini nokuthungatha.
Isikhathi sonyaka
Njengoba izilwane zasendlini zivame ukukhulelwa ezimweni ezikude, kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo sibe isitsha esisha kulo nyaka. Noma kunjalo, kungcono ukuqala le nqubo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunyuke ukwanda kwemvelo emini, okuyinto ethinta ngempumelelo ukukhula kwenqwaba yezimoto kanye nokuthuthukiswa okwenziwe ukuhlukaniswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile ngalesi sikhathi, amagatsha ase-lateral akhula cishe ngo-10-15 cm ubude, okuyinto engcono kunazozonke zokukhula kwazo. Ebusika, njengombuso, i-Guzmania ayishintshiwe. Ukukodwa yiwona kuphela amacala uma izingane zikhulu ngokwanele ebhodweni elihlukile. Kodwa-ke, ekuhlanganisweni okunjalo kwezimo, izithombo ezincane zinikezwa ukuhlinzekwa okungeziwe nokunakekelwa okunamandla okukhulu.
Ukukhethwa kwekhasi
Noma yiziphi iziqukathi zensimu ezifanele ukufakelwa kabusha, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyizinhlobo zonke zeplastiki, ingilazi, izitshalo noma izimbiza ze-ceramic. Izidingo eziyinhloko zezikebhe ezinjalo ziphelelwe amandla ekungeneni kwenhlabathi kanye nokutshala izimila, kanye nomgodi ogcwele amanzi.
Ibhodlela elisha kufanele libe lincane, libe nobubanzi nobude obuyi-15 cm. Imbali ayidingi iziqukathi ezinkulu kakhulu, isimiso saso singakwazi ukukhula okukhulayo nokwanda kwesisindo. Ukuma kwesitshalo se-pot kuyaphazamisa futhi.
Ukukhethwa komhlaba nokulungiswa
Ukufakelwa kabusha i-Guzmania, kusetshenziselwa ama-substrates kuphela; ngaleyo njongo, inhlabathi ekhethekile ingasetshenziselwa i-Bromeliads.
Ungalungisa lo mxube ngokwakho, ngoba lokhu udinga ukuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo:
- i-peat;
- umhlaba we-sod;
- isihlabathi somfula noma i-vermiculite;
- moss sphagnum ochotshoziwe.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaminerali, izixube ezinjalo zivuthwa ngemali encane yamalahle kanye ne-pine bark.
Funda izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokulima ukuphumelela kwe-gummania endlini.
Lungiselela i-substrate ingaba iresiphi ehlukile, ngoba lokhu kuxhuma izingxenye ezilinganayo:
- umhlaba we-sod;
- echotshoziwe i-pine bark;
- isihlabathi somfula ojulile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, lezi substrates kufanele zenziwe inzalo. Lesi silinganiso sikuvumela ukubhubhisa izifo ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezibungu zezilokazane. Uma kungenjalo, ukuzivikela komuthi omncane ngeke ukwazi ukubhekana nezinselele zemvelo.
Yenza izinqubo ngezindlela eziningana, kodwa ngokuvamile uvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi esetshenzisiwe:
- ukuhamba nge-microwave, 5-10 imizuzu;
- ukugosa kuhhavini, ngo-125 ... + 145 ° С, imizuzu engu-20-30;
- iqhwa ngo -20 ... -25 ° C, ngezinsuku ezingu-3-4;
- ukondla 2% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
Ukugeleza
Umsele ophumelelayo we-flowerpot iyimfuneko yokukhuphula yonke i-Bromeliads. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande lwamalungu omndeni alukwazi ukwakha inetha elincane futhi elinomsoco we-mass impande, lapho likhulile ebhodweni, isisindo esingaphezulu ngenhla singadlula isisindo sombasa, okunciphisa ukuzinza kwayo.
Kulesi simo, umsele ube yinto engalingani, evikela imbali ekuwiweni. Futhi, ukugeleza kwenza kube lula ukususa umswakama obangele emhlabathini, onomthelela omubi hhayi kuphela kwizinto zomhlabathi, kodwa futhi kuvuselela izilonda ezihlukahlukene zokubeka phansi.
Izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ezinamanzi zisetshenziselwa njengamanzi, ngokuvamile amagravel amancane netshe elichotshoziwe lisetshenziselwa lokhu. Ngokuvamile kufakwe indawo yezitini eziphukile noma ezichotshoziwe ze-ceramics. Faka amanzi embizeni ngaphansi kwebhodlela, phambi kwenhlabathi, ungqimba oluba ngu-3-4 cm.
Amathuluzi omsebenzi
Ukufakelwa ngendlela efanele, uzodinga isethi esilandelayo yamathuluzi engadini nezitsha:
- ingadi ekhaliphile noma i-office umese;
- ibhodi yokusika;
- ibhodlela elincane lensimu noma ibhodlela elijulile.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha, kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ngokwanele ohlelweni lwempande yeGuzmania, noma yikuphi ukulimala kulokho okuyoholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kanye nezimbali ezilandelayo zezihlahla.
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Ngokuvamile ukufakelwa kweGuzmania kubangela ubunzima abaningi kubalimi, ngoba abaningi abaphumelelanga ngokutshala kabusha izingane ngokuphumelelayo. Eqinisweni, ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho eyisisekelo, le nqubo ayifinyeleleki kuphela, kodwa iphinde inempumelelo engamaphesenti angamakhulu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuhlakulela imbali, ngisho nabalimi abaqalayo. Ukufakelwa kweGuymania kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Indlela elula ukukhipha isitshalo esidala ebhodweni, ushiye igatsha elincane.
Kulokhu:
- Shrub isuswe ngobumnene ebhodweni futhi ifakwe ebhodini lokuchofoza.
- Ngosizo lommese obukhali ehlathini zonke izingxenye ezindala zidliwa.
- Isihlahla esinqunyiwe sifakwa ebhodweni elidala, emva kwalokho zonke izikhala zimbozwa ngokucophelela nge-substrate entsha.
Naphezu kwejubane layo, abalimi abaqalayo kuphela basebenzisa ukufakelwa okunjalo, futhi kuphela esizukulwaneni sokuqala sesihlahla. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi kuleli cala ukushintshwa kwe-substrate akukwenzi, ngenxa yokuthi kuqoqa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zobuthi kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-Guzmania ukukhula. Futhi lokhu kudala imvelo evumelana nezifo ezehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-substrate ijwayele ukuba mpofu, ngakho-ke ukushintshwa kwayo okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo.
I-Bromeliads esetshenziswe kakhulu kunazo zonke ngendlela enzima kakhulu, lokhu:
- Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ebhodweni, bese sihlukaniswa kuso ebhodini lokusika lezingane.
- Izithelo eziphelile zomile endaweni eyomile ihora elilodwa.
- Ukuze kuphuthumise ukuvuthwa kwezithombo, zihlonywe kwisisombululo esikhulayo (iZircon, Kornevin, njll) cishe amahora ayisithupha.
- I-flowerpot ene-ungqimba yamanzi ku-2/3 ihlanganiswe ne-substrate, bese kuthi ukucindezeleka okuncane kudala emkhunjini.
- Esikhathini sokupheka kufakwa ihlumela, emva kwalokho isitshalo sigcwele umhlabathi.
- Okulandelayo, gweba umhlabathi, futhi isitsha sigcwele i-polyethylene ebonakalayo.
- Ngemva kwamasonto amabili endaweni efudumele, ekhanyisiwe, izithombo zihluma, emva kwalokho i-dome ingasuswa, futhi imbali idluliselwe esimweni esilungisiwe.
Kubalulekile! Akunqatshelwe ukucubungula inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo; lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande lwezithombo, okuyinto cishe isongela njalo ngokufa.
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe
Ukulima kahle kweGuymania kuhilela ukuhambisana nemithetho elandelayo:
- ibhodlela lixazululwe kuphela efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma langasentshonalanga;
- ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-20 ... + 27 ° С, ebusika - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 ° С;
- I-Guzmania ithanda umswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ifakwe. Ehlobo, inqubo yenziwa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku; ebusika, imvamisa yokugaya iyancipha ibe yisikhathi 1 ngesonto;
- baphuza amanzi ngendlela ekhethekile; amanzi awathulwanga emhlabathini, kodwa ngqo kwi-rosette yamaqabunga. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuchelela, umswakama owedlulele kumele ususwe, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizobe sesihlaselwa izilonda zokubeka. Esikhathini sokunisela sasehlobo senziwa nsuku zonke, ebusika - angabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezimbili ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ne-distilled kuphela, ukushisa kwekamelo;
- isihlahla asithandi imisebe yelanga eqondile, ngakho-ke itholakala ku-penumbra;
- ukugqugquzela izimbali, imbali kufanele idliwe, isebenzisa ukuxuba okukhethekile kwamaminerali we-bromeliads ngalokhu. Yenza inqubo 1-2 izikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngaphambi nje kwezimbali.
Izimpendulo zemibuzo yomsebenzisi
Namuhla, isihlahla saseGuzman esicacile nesihle singatholakala kakhulu, kepha akusiwo wonke umlimi ozokwazi ukugcina ubungqabavu besitshalo ngezimbalwa eziningana futhi ajabulele izimbali zalo. Ngokuvamile isizathu salokhu yiziphambeko ezihlukahlukene ekunakekeleni, okuvimbela hhayi kuphela ukuqubuzana komuthi, kodwa futhi kuvuse zonke izinhlobo zezifo. Ngezansi ungabona imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu ephakama ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwesitshalo.
Ngidinga ukutshala emva kokuthenga
Naphezu kokuthi i-bromeliads ikhule kancane kancane, abalimi abaningi baqala ukuyifakelwa ebhodweni elithengiwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile, lezi ziqukathi azifani nokubukeka nokubukeka kahle, futhi azikho ukumelana nokulimala nokucindezeleka komshini. Kodwa, ngokuvamile lokhu kungabi kubalulekile, ngakho-ke kungenziwa njengoba kudingekile. Ukukodwa yilokho kuphela amacala lapho ibhodlela elithengi liincane kakhulu ekukhuleni okulandelayo kwalokhu.
Ngingakwazi yini ukutshala ngesikhatsi setimbali?
Nakuba ukufakelwa isitshalo esithengiwe embizeni ehlala njalo kuyisilinganiso esivamile, senziwa kuphela kuze kufike izimbali. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, noma yimuphi umthelela osebenzayo wohlobo lwe-biotic noma i-abiotic luvusa ukuvimbela ukukhula nokumisa umzimba. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izimbali kanye nokwakheka kwezingane ezalandela, okuvame ukuholela ekubhujisweni okungenakwenzeka kwehlathi.
Bheka futhi incazelo nesithombe sezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-guzman.
Kungani lesi sitshalo singathathi izimpande
Amaphutha ajwayelekile kakhulu okuholela ekudakaleni kokuqothulwa kwe-Gusmania:
- ukutshala izithombo ngezitshalo ezingaphansi kuka-1.5 cm noma izingane ezincane kakhulu, ezinebude obungaphansi kuka-10 cm;
- izindawo ezinqunyiwe zishiywa zingelashwa, lokhu kuholela ezilonda ezithathelwanayo nge-seedling. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izingxenye zigcotshwe nge-pitch engadini noma oqoshiwe ngomuthi oqoshiwe;
- ngesikhathi sokufakelwa isitshalo, lesi sitshalo sibhekene nokulimala okumangalisa;
- Ukuvuthwa kwesikhumba kwenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma ngokuntuleka komswakama;
- ukukhiqizwa, izingxenye zehlathi ezonakaliswe izinambuzane noma izifo ezisetshenziswayo.
