I-Common Birch luhlobo lwezihlahla eziqothulayo nezihlahlana zomndeni wakwaBirch. Indawo yokuhlala emvelweni kulo lonke elaseRussia naseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Igama lalesi sihlahla livela empandeni ye-bhereg, okusho ukuthi ukukhanya, mhlophe.
I-Birch - incazelo nencazelo
IBirch yisihlahla esinesiqu esimhlophe esifinyelela kubude obufika kumamitha angama-30. Uhlala cishe iminyaka eyi-100-150. Inesiqu eside ngisho, sibushelelezi, sinemigqa emnyama enobuntu noma amabala ebusweni be-cortex. Umuthi unezimpande zomgagasi ezingena shí emhlabathini. Amaqabunga angunxantathu we-oblong ngosayizi ohlukile, anamakha kakhulu, adwetshwe ngemibala ehlukene eluhlaza, ehlanganiswe ngasemaphethelweni. Incwajana ezincanyana zingamathela. 
I-Dwarf
Kusuka kusikhathi eside e-Russia isitshalo sehlelo, uphawu lwamaSlavism. Lesi sihlahla sasihlotshaniswa nokubonakala kwentombazane enhle enhle - emsulwa futhi emnyama. Ngokwesiko lamaSudi, kungumuthi ongokomoya - uxosha imimoya emibi futhi uyi-talisman yomndeni.
Kusetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu. Isibonelo, emagatsheni ungaqoqa umshanelo ukuze ugeze, ukukhuphuka kwawo okuzodambisa ukungezwani kwemisipha futhi kudambise isikhumba. I-Birch sap inomphumela onenzuzo ekusakazweni kwegazi, futhi i-tar izosiza ngezifo zesikhumba.
Ubuhle nokubaluleka kwalesi sihlahla kunconywa ezincwadini, futhi izinzuzo ze-birch njengesitshalo azinakunyakaziswa. Kunzima futhi kubekezelela noma yisiphi isimo sezulu nomhlabathi, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo ibanzi kakhulu. 
Mnyama
Izinkuni
Izinkuni zeBirch ziqine kakhulu, ingaphezulu kwegxolo linama-sheen amancane. Ngenxa yamandla ayo, i-elasticity ekhethekile, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni nasekuqedeni imisebenzi nasekwenziweni kokubaza nokukhiqiza ifenisha. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, kuvame ukubola. 
U-Erman
Izimbali
Kuqala ngo-Ephreli. IBirch inamacici e-stamen ne-pistil. I-Pistil - insikazi, ubude be-2-3.5 cm, eyodwa egatsheni. Bahlala kakhulu ngasohlangothini lwegatsha. Kubonakala ngokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga okuqala. Ama-Stamens - owesilisa, isikena eside, ubude be-6-7 cm, amayunithi ama-3-4 emagatsheni, impova egcwele kakhulu. Icici elilodwa lifaka imbewu engaba ngu-600. Isithelo iyi-nati e-oval enamaphiko amabili ephindwe kaningi kunayo. Ukuvuthwa kuqala ngo-Agasti. Imbewu isatshalaliswa emhlabathini ngenxa yomoya futhi imile izimpande kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. 
UKarelian
Izinhlobo zama-birches
Ukuhlukaniswa ngqo akukakenziwa, futhi inani lezinhlobo zomndeni lifinyelela cishe ku-100. Okudumile kakhulu:
| Buka | Ukuphakama (m) / ububanzi bebarrel (m) | Incazelo |
| I-Fluffy (i-pubescent) | Cishe ngo-20-27. Cishe u-0,75. | Amagxolo amancanyana ngombala onsundu, amhlophe aneminyaka yobudala. Umqhele omncane, amagatsha phezulu, wokusabalalisa okuhlukahlukene. Yehlisa ilanga, ukumelana nesithwathwa, inhlabathi emanzi kangcono. Ikhula eSiberia, eCaucasus nasentshonalanga yeYurophu. |
| I-Dangling (warty) | Ubukhulu 35. Cishe u-0.8. | Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Ezihlahleni ezincane, amagxolo aba nsundu, amhlophe emva kweminyaka eyi-10. Amagatsha alenga phansi, embozwe inqwaba yama-resin. I-Habitat - i-Europe, i-Asia, ne-North Africa. |
| I-Ehrman (itshe) | Kuze kube ngu-10-12. Ifinyelela ku-1. | Ukuhluka kwesihlahla esikhathini sokuphila esiseduze kweminyaka engaba ngu-500. Isiqu esivunguzayo, umqhele onqabile. Amagxolo angwevu ngombala onsundu. Ikhula eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, China, Japan. |
| I-Cherry (i-viscous, imnandi) | Around 22-27. Kufika ku-0.65. | Amagxolo ansundu agqamile. Isiqu somthi esimweni sephiramidi, esinamagatsha phansi. Amaqabunga angama-oval oval ngombala oluhlaza saturated. Akazithandi izithambisi, uthandela inhlabathi enomswakama futhi emanzi. Habitat - Baltic States, Belarus, Eastern Europe. |
| Mnyama (umfula) | Ungabi ngaphezu kwama-35. Ngaphezu kuka-1. | Amagxolo ansundu noma ompunga anomthungo ongemuhle. Amaqabunga angunxantathu noma okusaqanda, aluhlaza okotshani. Ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele. Ikhula eMelika. |
| I-Dwarf (encane, encanyana) | Ukushintshashintsha kwezimpawu kusuka ku-0.2 kuye ku-1. | Isihlahla esihlotshiswe ngokuqinile esinamagxolo omthunzi onsundu. Amaqabunga ama-Fluffy anemiphetho eyenziwe ngamakhamera. Ikhula ikakhulukazi e-tundra, ngakho-ke, ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama ngokweqile. Kutholakala eYakutia, Kamchatka, eSiberia, kanye nasezintabeni. |
| UKarelian | Kungafinyelela ku-6-9. Cishe u-0,4. | Isimo sifana nesihlahla. Isiqu sishubile, asilingani. Izinkuni zibhekwa kakhulu ekwakheni ifenisha. Umqhele yi-acutifoliate, imiphetho eyenziwe ngamaphayini. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo - INorway, iSweden, iKarelia, iPoland, iBelarus. |
UkuqhafazaUkuhamba nokunakekela
IBirch ayikhethi emhlabathini, ingakhula futhi ikhule kunoma iyiphi. Ukuze ukhule isihlahla esisontekile endaweni yangakini, kunconywa ukulungiselela umhlabathi omanzi futhi othambile. Kufanele ugaye ukudangala lapho ingxube ingezwa khona ngxenye ethile: i-peat, isihlabathi, i-humus kanye nenhlabathi ejwayelekile yengadi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1: 1: 2. Ukuze senze isitshalo sinezimpande ezingcono, isithombo kufanele sibekwe ngesigaxa sobumba ezimpandeni. Ngemuva kokutshala, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo anzima aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ehlobo isihlahla sithatha amanzi amaningi; ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunisela amanzi njalo kucatshangelwa ibhakede eli-1 nge-1 sq. Km. m
Bayondla kabili ngonyaka: ekwindla nasentwasahlobo - ngesisombululo esine-nitrogen noma i-nitroammophos.
Ukuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane kwenziwa njalo ngonyaka. Lesi sitshalo siphathwa nge-fungicide, isibulala-zinambuzane. 
I-Fluffy
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: izakhiwo zokwelapha ze-birch kanye nokusebenza
Umuthi waziwa ngokuphulukisa kwawo: ukhuthaza ukuphulukisa amanxeba, uqeda ukuvuvukala, ulwe namagciwane, futhi futhi uqinisa amasosha omzimba wonke.
Isilinganiso esenziwe ngamaqabunga e-birch singasetshenziswa njengesibulala magciwane, i-antiseptic, isisu kanye ne-choleretic. Amafutha abalulekile, uvithamini C, i-nicotinic acid, ama-antioxidants, ama-tannins - awanambithe.
Ngaphezu kokubilisa, kusuka emaqabunga ungathola ukumnika okuqukethe ama-antioxidants: phytoncides nama-flavonoids. Bakhuthaza ukwenziwa kabusha kwamaseli nezicubu, ngoba ama-antioxidants ajwayele ukumunca ama-radicals wamahhala. Isetshenziswa njenge-antimicrobial, i-antiviral kanye ne-anti-inflammatory agent.
I-tincture yamaqabunga ama-birch asemancane ukulungiselela okungcono kakhulu kwamavithamini asiza ngezifo zezinso, i-jaundice, i-malaise nokucindezela.
I-Birch sap inomthelela wokuqinisa mzimba ngenxa yama-asidi aso, ushukela kanye ne-fructose. Uma uyiqoqa ngezinsuku ezithile zikaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, ujusi uyasiza ekuhlanzeni igazi.
Ukusuka kuma-buds we-birch, ama-decoctions kanye nama-tinctures alungiselelwe izifo zohlelo lwe-genitourinary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banomphumela we-diaphoretic, choleretic ne-diuretic. 
UCherry
Ukusetshenziswa komshanelo we-birch ebhavini kungukuvimbela izifo zamaphaphu, kusiza ukuphumula umzimba wonke futhi kunomthelela omuhle esikhumbeni.
Ngokuvamile, ukuba khona komuntu ehlathini le-birch kunomthelela omuhle kuye - kunciphisa ingozi yokubamba umkhuhlane, futhi iphunga elimangazayo lizodambisa isimo esibi.
