UPetunia ngumuntu odabuka emndenini omncane. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo iseNingizimu. Melika Kodwa-ke, ihlala itshalwe ezingadini zaseRussia. Ukuze kube nezimbali ezingcono, imbewu yezitshalo iyanconywa ukuthi imila izithombo.
Izinsuku zokutshala izinyathi zezithombo zezithombo
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa maphakathi noJanuwari. Amahlumela amasha adinga ukukhanya okuningi. Inganikezwa ngama-phytolamp. Uma kungekho kukhanya okudingekayo, izihlahla zizoba mncane futhi zibuthakathaka, ngeke zikwazi ukumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukufaka ukulungiswa kokukhanyisa, linda kuze kube yilapho amahora okukhanya kwelanga esanele (Mashi-Ephreli). Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaqinisi nayo ukuze ukubukeka kwezimbali kungephuthi. UPetunia uzoqala ukwakha ama-buds ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2,5 ukuya kwezi-2.
Ukukhethwa kweMbewu kaPetunia Ukuhluma
Khetha imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho ukucubungula kokuqala ngeke kudingeke. Awungeke uthenge imbewu kubathengisi abaziwa kancane.
Imbewu ithengiswa ngezindlela ezimbili: njengenjwayelo nangamagilebhisi. Esimweni sokuqala, zincane kakhulu, kanti okwesibili zingaqhamuki ngenxa yegobolondo eliminyene (imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngokunisela okubuthakathaka).
Inhlabathi edingekayo yezithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo
Kudingeka i-pH ephansi noma umhlaba ongathathi hlangothi. Isendlalelo sokukhetha amanzi axegayo, anempilo, futhi agcina kahle amanzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kungathengwa esitolo. Isibonelo, umhlabathi womhlaba wonke. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukwengeza kwisigatshana esithengiwe (umthamo ngesigamu sebhakede lomhlaba):
- 500 g womlotha;
- 250 g perlite;
- 1 tbsp potassium sulfate.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngokuzimela. Okulandelayo kuxutshwe ngengxenye 2: 2: 1: 2:
- humus;
- i-turf;
- isihlabathi;
- Peat.
Ungasebenzisa isihlabathi, inhlabathi yengadi, i-peat substrate (1: 1: 2).
Ngemuva kokulungisa inhlabathi, kufanele idlule ngesihlungo amahlandla ama-2 (okokuqala ngokusebenzisa okukhulu, bese idlula ngokulunga). Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, uthele i-Previkur noma i-potanganum permanganate yokuthola amagciwane.
Ukuzikhethela kokuhlwanyelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo
Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezijulile, ezibanzi. Izinketho ezingaba khona:
- Amacwecwe we-Peat alungile futhi awusizo. Izindleko zabo ziphakeme impela, kodwa bayakufanelekela.
- Amakhasethi - hhayi aphansi ezinzuzweni okukhethwa kukho kokuqala. Kunosayizi abahlukahlukene, kunconywa i-petunias ububanzi obu-10 cm.
- Iziqukathi zepulasitiki ziyisitsha esingabizi futhi esidumile.
UMnu Dachnik weluleka: izindlela ezinobuqili zokuhluma imbewu ye-petunia
Imbewu incane, ngakho abalimi baqhamuke nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelula ukuhlwanyela. Icebo lokuqala:
- Thela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi esitsheni, usuka phezulu ngu-0.5 cm.
- Gcwalisa isikhala esisele ngeqhwa.
- Sakaza imbewu ngemigqa, uqaphela ibanga elingama-2 cm.
- Mboza ngentambo yepulasitiki.
- Ngemuva kokuluma izithombo, susa indawo yokuhlala.
Indlela yesibili (enenkonxa):
- Thenga isigajana esincanyana se-laminate (2 mm) kunoma yisiphi isitolo sehadiwe.
- Beka imbewu phezu kwayo ngemigqa, uxhasa ibanga elingu-2 cm.
- Mboza ngephepha lasendlini yangasese bese ufafaza ebhodleleni lokufafaza nge-nozzle enhle.
- Songa umqulu, gqoka ngentambo.
- Beka egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyiswe kahle.
- Lapho kuvela izithombo, khulula i-cochlea bese uthele umhlaba kuyo.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, dlulisela emabhokisini, ushiye ibanga elingama-7 cm.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhala futhi uthole izithombo eziqinile.
Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo zikaPetunia
Amahlumela angabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6. Ama-pellets ahluma ezinsukwini ezi-1-2 ngaphambili. Isikhathi sokuqala amahlumela adinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, ngoba mncane futhi ababuthakathaka.
Izimo ezifanele zokukhula
Uma ulandela izincomo ezingezansi, ukukhula kwezithombo ngeke kube yinkinga:
| I-Factor | Izimo |
| Isibani | Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-5-6 - ubusuku nemini. Bese kwanele amahora angama-11-12. Uma igumbi limnyama, ungasebenzisa izibani zokukhanyisa. Zidinga ukufakwa ngo-20 cm ngaphezu kwamahlumela. Imisebe yelanga ingashisa imifino. Ngakho-ke, ntambama, izihlahlana zizithunzi noma zisuse efasiteleni. |
| Ukushisa | Lapho ukuhlwanyela, okuphezulu kungo + 22 ... +25 ° C. Ngokuncipha kwaso, izithombo zingahle zingakhuphuki, ngokunyuka kuzoqala ukulimala. Ngemuva kokuluma amahlumela, yehlisela ku-18 ... +20 ° C (phakathi nosuku), + 14 ... +16 ° C (ebusuku) ukuze lukhuni. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhambisa amabhodwe kude nezinto ezisebenzayo ezishisayo, kungenisa umoya egumbini. Lapho uvula amafasitela noma amafasitela, i-petunia kufanele ikhishwe iye kwelinye igumbi. |
| Ukunisela | Izinsuku eziyi-7 zokufafaza ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate (1-2 r. / Day.). Amahlumela avelayo aniselwa nsuku zonke. Akunakwenzeka ukweqisa izithombo, lokhu kwandisa ubungozi bokukhula umlenze omnyama. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuzokhipha izihlahla. Amanzi kufanele abe athambile, axazululwe, ngaphandle kwe-bleach, afudumele (mhlawumbe ancibilikisiwe). Kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuphansi. Ingathululelwa ngaphezulu kwezindonga zembiza noma ifakwe ngesirinji ngaphansi kwezimpande. I-hydrate yesikhathi sasemini ingalimaza ama-bush young. Ngakho-ke, emvuleni badinga ukuniselwa ngaphambi kokudla kwakusihlwa, kanye nokushisa ngemuva. |
| Umanyolo | Uma izithombo zibuthakathaka kakhulu, fafaza amahlandla ambalwa nge-Epin, Heteroauxin kanye namanye ama-accelerators wokukhula ngaphambi kokumba. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-7 ngemuva kokuluma amahlumela, yenza izingxube zezimbiwa. Phinda ukondle ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1.5. |
Ukukhetha izithombo zika-petunia
Ekhaya, izithombo ziqukethe izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-rhizome ikhula ngokuqinile, izitshalo zidinga ukudilizwa zibe zingilazi ezingama-200-250 mg. Izimbobo zokukhipha ziyadingeka ezansi.
Ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamabili amaqabunga ama-2-3:
- Hambisa ama-bus by transshipment. Ngezimpande okudingeka uqaphele kakhulu, azikwazi ukuphazamiseka.
- Gcwalisa voids ngomhlaba bese moisten.
- Lapho inhlabathi ihlala, engeza ingxenye engezansi.
- Umthunzi kusuka kwimisebe ye-UV.
- Phakathi nesonto, gcina emazingeni okushisa + ka-18 ... +21 ° C.
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa ezibhebheni ze-peat, amahlumela adluliselwa kwezinye zezitsha ezinazo. Kwesinye isikhathi izihlahla zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi zishona kabili.
Cindezela izithombo ze-petunia
Kudingeka ukuze ube negatsha. Cindezela amashidi ama-4 noma ama-5. Udinga futhi ukwephula ingaphezulu lesiqu nephuzu lokukhula. Ngenxa yokukhohlisa okunjalo, igatsha elisha lizoqala ukukhula kusukela kumacala aluhlaza, ukuqhakaza kube maningi.
Ukutshala ezinhlotsheni ze-ampel akunamandla. Ukuphina ngeke kusize ukubenza babe abahle ngokwedlulele, ngakho-ke akudingekile.
Izifo nezinambuzane zezithombo
Njengomthetho, izifo nezinambuzane zenezela izithombo ze-petunia kuphela ngamaphutha ekunakekelweni:
| Inkinga | Izizathu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| I-Chlorosis |
|
|
| Isikhala sesicabucabu |
|
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| Umlenze omnyama |
|
|
Ilungiselela izithombo zokufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile
Ngemuva kwe-dive, izihlahla zidinga ukuqina. Okokuqala thatha ikota yehora, wandise isikhathi nsuku zonke. Shiya endaweni evulekile ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokwehla. IHardening kufanele iqhubeke amasonto ambalwa. Ukufakwa emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo (lapho amathuba eqhwa ebuya enyamalala).
