I-Okra - isitshalo semifino esiyingqayizivele

Namuhla, abalimi abaningi nabahlali basehlobo abakhulisi nje kuphela izithelo nemifino esivamile kithina, kodwa futhi bazama ukuthola isivuno ezimangalisweni zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Lo msebenzi uthokozisa kakhulu, ngoba ukunakekela izitshalo ezihlukile, umlimi uguqula imibhede yakhe ibe iziteshi ezincane zokuhlola, futhi abe ngumcwaningi. I-Okra iseseyisitshalo esingandile emapulazini ethu, yingakho kuwumbono omuhle kakhulu kulabo abathanda ukuzama imikhiqizo emisha.

I-Okra - incazelo yesitshalo

I-Okra - imifino exotic engavamile ingatholakala kaningi ngaphansi kwamanye amagama - okra, gombo, iminwe yabesifazane, abelmosh edible.

Ukusakazeka kwe-okra

Lesi sitshalo sidlangile eMelika, e-Eshiya, eningizimu yeYurophu futhi, ezweni lakubo - e-Afrika. E-Russia, lokhu kusesitshalo esingavamisile semifino. Amahlathi amancane atshalwa eTrrasnodar Territory naseStavropol Territory, kwezinye izindawo ezakhiwe kuphela ngabalimi be-amateur.

I-Okra, etshalwe emigqeni ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeRussia

Isiko isimilo

I-Okra iyi-herbaceous yemifino minyaka yonke yomndeni we-mallow. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuncike ezinhlotsheni futhi kungaba ngama-30-40 cm ekukhuleni okuphansi futhi kufinyelele kumamitha amabili ngezinhlobo ezinde. Ngenxa yesiqu esikhulu esinamagatsha anamanzi namaqabunga amakhulu wombala oluhlaza omnyama, isitshalo sinokubukeka okuhle. Izimbali ezinkulu ezizodwa zikakhilimu noma umbala wobisi ovela emacabangweni eqabunga zenezela ukuhlobisa kulo lonke shrub. Izithelo ziyafana ngesakhiwo namapheya e-pepper - amabhokisi ama-pubescent aluhlaza anezithombo eziningi, kwezinye izinhlobo angaba makhulu impela - ubude obungaphezu kwama-20 cm.

Ukuqhakaza nezithelo ze-okra kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-okra

Akhula i-okra ikakhulukazi njengesitshalo semifino. Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okungathathi hlangothi, okusikhumbuza ubhontshisi we-asparagus, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, ama-macro- nama-microelements, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhalori nekhono lokwehlisa i-cholesterol, i-okra nayo isetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Imbewu yezitshalo inothile ngamafutha, ngokufana ngenani lomnqumo. Izithelo futhi ziqukethe izinto ze-mucous ezinezakhiwo zokumboza, ngakho-ke kunconywa izitsha ezivela ku-okra zezifo zepheshana lesisu. Ezihlokweni ezivuthiwe, ezihlanganisiwe, kuqhutshwa isiphuzo esithanda ukunambitheka njengekhofi yangempela.

Izithelo ze-Okra ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini nezakhi zomzimba

Kwesinye isikhathi ezithelweni ze-okra kukhona ukufakwa okuncane kwezinto ezivuthayo. Ngokulashwa okushisa, ubukhali buyanyamalala, kepha ukuqoqa nokupheka imifino eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi enkulu, kungcono ngamagilavu. Lesi silinganiso sizovikela izandla zakho ekushisweni nasekucasukeni.

Ividiyo: i-okra - izakhiwo eziwusizo

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-okra

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-okra ziyehluka komunye nomunye ngobude besihlahla, ubukhulu nokunambitheka kwezithelo, kanye nesikhathi sokukhula kwesikhathi.

Ezimweni zethu zesimo sezulu, isivuno esihle kakhulu siyathengiswa:

1. I-Star ka-David iyizinhlobo ezinde. Izithelo zifinyelela ku-15 cm.
2. I-red velvet iyinhlobo yokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Izithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-70 ngemuva kokuhluma.
3. I-velvet emhlophe ingenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu ezinezimbali ezinhle ezimhlophe nama-pods cishe ama-10 cm.
4. IClemson iyinhlobo ethandwa ukuzala ephezulu. Okukhethekile yizithelo ezinkulu zokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
5. IBlondi yizinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo zokuvuthwa okusheshayo kwezithelo eziningi eziluhlaza.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-okra

Ukukhula kwe-okra ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu

I-Okra ikhule ngempumelelo ezifundeni eziningi zezwe lethu, kepha izindlela zokutshala zezindawo zezulu ezahlukahlukene zinomehluko wazo. I-Okra itshalwa ikakhulukazi ngendlela yesithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo enhlabathini kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu - iKrasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, kanye neCaucasus. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiko liyi-thermophilic futhi lizwela kakhulu amazinga okushisa.

Ezifundeni eziphakathi nendawo, esifundeni seVolga, eSiberia nase-Urals, i-okra itshalwa ngezithombo, futhi inikezwe ukungafani kwesimo sezulu, kungcono ukukhulisa lesi sitshalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ekuthuthukisweni okuhle kwe-okra, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala. Njengoba kunikezwe umsuka waseningizimu, kuyadingeka ukuyinika indawo enelanga futhi evikelekile kakhulu emoyeni. Inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo inesivuno esihle.

Ividiyo: okra okhula emabhodweni - izakhiwo eziwusizo

Indlela yesithombo yokukhula kwe-okra

Imbewu ye-Okra imila kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwamane, ngakho-ke, ukuze isheshise inqubo, ifakwe emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-napkin enezinhlamvu esosweni, uyithambisa ngamanzi at lokushisa lasekamelweni bese ubeka endaweni efudumele yosuku.

Lapho ufaka imbewu, kubalulekile ukuyivimba ukuthi ingangeni ngokuphelele emanzini - imbewu kumele iphefumule. Ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu, ungathambisa indwangu ngamanzi emvula noma ancibilike.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo

Imbewu ye-Okra itshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ngazinye zokutshala, kungcono Peat. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithombo ze-okra zinezimpande zezimpande, futhi cishe azikho izimpande ezingemuva, ngakho-ke zidlulisa ngobuhlungu ukufakelwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodwe we-peat kuzovumela ukutshala izithombo engadini ngaphandle kokonakalisa uhlelo lwezimpande.

Lapho usebenzisa amabhodwe we-peat, izithombo ziwela emhlabathini ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande

Inqubo-nyathelo-nenqubo yokutshala imbewu

1. Beka amabhodwe we-peat esikhwameni bese ugcwalisa inhlabathi yezithombo.
2. Embizeni ngayinye, yenza induku nge-recess engaba ngu-4 cm.
3. Yehlisa imbewu ungene egumbini lokuphumula bese ufafaza nomhlaba.
4. Thela amanzi at lokushisa lasekamelweni.
5. Mboza ugqoko ngamabhodwe nge-foil.

Ukunakekelwa kwezithombo ze-Okra

Ngesikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingama-degree angama-20 futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kufudumeza amabhodwe. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ifilimu kufanele isuswe, bese izithombo zifakwa endaweni efudumele ekhanyayo.

Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwezithombo kwehla kokunisela kanye nokudla ngesikhathi. Emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuvela, izitshalo zinganikezwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ophelele wezithombo zemifino. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-12-14 ngaphambi kokudlulisela izithombo endaweni engapheli.

Izithombo ze-Okra zidinga ukuhlinzeka indawo efudumele negqamile

Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini

Eminyakeni engu-35 kuya kwengu-45, izithombo ze-okra esezikhulile zaba namandla zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Imibhede enenhlabathi evundile ilungisiwe ekwindla - enza umanyolo wamaminerali nowokumba ukuze umgaye. Ukufakelwa kahle kwenziwa kangcono esimweni sezulu esinamafu noma kusihlwa. Lapho utshala izinhlobo ezinde, phakathi kwezihlahla zishiya ibanga elingaba ngu-90 cm naphakathi kwemigqa - amasentimitha angama-50. Izitshalo ezikhula kancane zitshalwa ngemuva kwezikhala ezingama-60 cm no-40 cm. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zichitheka kahle futhi zifakwe nge-peat noma nge-humus.

Izithombo ezikhulile ze-okra zitshalwa emibhedeni

Indlela engenanhlonipho yokukhulisa i-okra

Ezifundeni zaseningizimu zezwe lethu ehlobo elilinganayo nelifudumele, i-okra ingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa lapho inhlabathi isifudumele ngokugcwele futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingawa ngaphansi kuka-16 C.

Imbewu emanzi zijule ngo-3-4 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemithombo iyafana nalapho utshala izithombo. Imbewu emibili ingafakwa emgodini bese kuthi kamuva lapho kuvela izithombo - kuthambise ababuthakathaka ngokuncipha. Ileveli futhi unisele umhlaba.

Nakekela ngesikhathi sokukhula

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Okra kulula futhi nezindlela zezithombo nezindlela zokutshala ziyafana. Ngemuva kokuvela, kuyadingeka ukuvimba ukoma kwenhlabathi. Lapho umquba, kungakuhle ukuthi uguqule umanyolo wezimbiwa we-phosphorus-potash kanye ne-organic.

Ekuqaleni, izithombo zidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile - ukhula, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela okufika ngesikhathi. Ngokukhula kwe-okra, ukunakekelwa kuyenziwa lula - izihlahla ezikhule kakhulu azivumeli inhlabathi ukuba isheshe iphume futhi zivimbela ukukhula kokhula. Amabhishi amadala anganiselwa kaningi, kepha ngobuningi, ukumanzisa inhlabathi aze ajule ngo-40 cm.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bush

Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla se-okra kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ungakhula isitshalo esiqwini esisodwa - ukhipha izitebhisi ezivelayo. Abaxhasi bale ndlela bathi amagatsha awanikezi izithelo ezincane, kepha asuse amandla wehlumela eliyinhloko, nalo elahlekelwa isivuno salo.

Ngendlela yesibili, umqhele wesiqu esikhulu uyenziwa mfushane, okhuthaza ukwakheka kwamagatsha we-lateral. Abalandeli bokutshala okunjalo bakholelwa ukuthi ukubumba okunjalo kunikeza isivuno esikhulu. Futhi ngokusobala, izivivinyo kuphela esizeni sabo uqobo ezizosiza i-amateur ukuthi inqume ukuthi iyiphi indlela ekhethekile.

Ithathe okra

Cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuqhume, i-okra iqala ukuqhakaza, kuthi emva kwesonto uthathe isivuno sokuqala. Izithelo zidinga ukuqoqwa njalo, ngoba, ngemuva kokudidiyela izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ezingeziwe, ziba ngama-coarse futhi zingasebenzi. ENingizimu, ukuvuna kwenziwa nsuku zonke, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu - njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5.

Iqoqo lezithelo ze-Okra

I-fruiting ye-okra ihlala kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile, kepha ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa komoya, ukukhula kwamapodoli kwehla kancane.

Lapho uvuna i-okra, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa, ngoba lesi sitshalo simbozwe kanzima, futhi sibukeka kahle, okubangela ukucasuka esikhunjeni. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza nalesi sitshalo kungcono nangamagilavu.

Izifo ze-Okra

Okra, lesi sifo sibonisa ngezifo ezimpawu zezitshalo ze-malvaceae yomndeni.

Umlenze omnyama yisifo sokukhunta. Ngokuvamile kuthinta iziqu zezithombo ze-okra. Isitshalo esinesifo kufanele sisuswe masinyane ukuze omakhelwane bangatheleleki. Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka komlenze omnyama, akufanele uvumele umswakama owedlulele, uvame ukufudumeza izitshalo uma zikhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa.

Lapho ulungisa inhlabathi yezithombo kanye nokutshala okulandelayo emhlabathini ovulekile, kungakuhle ukuyithululela ngesisombululo se-phytosporin. Lokhu kulungiswa kwe-microbiological kusebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi zokukhunta kanye namagciwane.

Ukugqwala kuyisifo sokukhunta esiyingozi. Kubonakala ngesimo sezindawo eziphuzi kumaqabunga, ngeziqu kanye namahlumela. Ngasohlangothini lwangaphakathi lweqabunga elinombala onsundu obomvu - izinhlamvu zesikhunta - zitholakala. Izitshalo ezithintekile zivame ukufa. Uma kutholakala isitshalo esinegciwane, kubalulekile ukusisusa masinyane futhi sihlole konke okutshalekile.

I-Powdery mildew isifo esivamile sokukhunta. Emagqabini esitshalo esithintekile, ungabona ukuthi kukhona amalahle amhlophe qhwa, lesi sitshalo asikhuliswanga kahle, sinezindlela ezimbi. Kuyadingeka ukususa wonke amahlamvu ngenhlanganisela emhlophe.

Igalari Yezithombe: Izifo ze-Okra

Izindlela zokwelashwa nezokuvimbela

Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta, kunconywa ukuthi ungafafaza izitshalo ezinesifo kuphela nesixazululo se-phytosporin, kodwa futhi nezomakhelwane, kanye nenhlabathi ezungezile. Imiyalo yomuthi ichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungawulungisa kanjani umuthi nokuthi uphinda kangaki ukwelashwa.

Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo, lapho kukhula i-okra, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho eyisisekelo yobuchwepheshe bezolimo:

• qaphela ukujikeleza kwezilimo;
• vimbela ukuqina kokufika;
• khipha amaqabunga ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi lawo athinta umhlabathi;
• silwe nokhula nezinambuzane, ngoba imvamisa yibona abathwali bezifo.

Amaphutha ekusebenziseni umanyolo kuholela kubuthakathaka kwezitshalo kanye nokwehla komzimba. I-nitrogen ethe xaxa kanye nokuntuleka kukamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kungabangela ukwanda kwezifo zokukhunta.

Izinambuzane ze-okra

Ezikhungweni zezinambuzane, ingozi eyenzeka kakhulu kwi-okra imelelwa ngama-aphid, ama-thrips, kanye ne-iklabishi scoop.

Ama-aphid - isivakashi esivamile esivandeni, sidonsa ujusi emaqabungeni, senze buthaka isitshalo. Ukuqongelela kwezinambuzane ezincane ezimpunga noma eziluhlaza kungabonakala phezulu kwesitshalo nangaphansi kweqabunga.

Ama-thrips izinambuzane ezincane ezihlala phansi ezidala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Zihlala emaqabungeni nasezimbali, zidweba ujusi ezitshalweni. Ngemuva kokudla kwabo, izimbobo zihlala ezitshalweni lapho zingena khona zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe, ngakho-ke ukulwa nalolu gciwane kumele kuqalwe ngokushesha.

Iklabishi scoop - isibungu sidla amaqabunga nezithelo ze-okra. Esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, inkathazo iyakwazi ukushiya umlimi ngaphandle kwesitshalo se-okra hhayi kuphela, kodwa nezinye izilimo eziningi.

Igalari yezithombe: Izinambuzane ze-Okra Insect

Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane

Ngokulandela imithetho elula yokukhula kwe-okra, izinambuzane zingavinjelwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli imibhede ibe lukhudlwana, ukhula ngesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezitshalo kuzosiza ukuqaphela inkathazo kuze kube manje lapho kuzoba nzima ukubhekana nakho, futhi nomonakalo owenzekile uyabonakala. Lapho kutholwa izinambuzane okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuphatha okutsaliwe ngesinambuzane. Namuhla, emashalofini ezitolo kukhona okunezinhlobonhlobo ezicebile zezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulawula izinambuzane. Phakathi kwalesixuku, ngangikhipha i-Fitoverm - amalungiselelo angokwemvelo futhi anobuthi bemvelo. Izithelo nemifino eyenziwe yi-Fitoverm ingadliwa ngezinsuku ezimbili.

Ukuqoqa, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwe-okra

Izithelo ze-okra ezivuniwe azikhonjelwa kwisitoreji eside. Okusha kufanele kusetshenziswe ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngemuva kokususwa. Ungasebenzisa imifino eluhlaza, edliwayo noma ethosiwe, njengezitsha eziseceleni, izithako zesaladi noma njengesitsha esizimele. Ukuze upheke, thatha imidumba emincane, igezwe futhi ihlanjululwe ngamanzi abilayo. Ama-peel alungiselelwe ngale ndlela angakhanywa kalula. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze isikhumba esinolaka singonakalisi ukunambitheka kwesitsha. I-Okra ilungiswa ngokushesha, ngemizuzu nje embalwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye izakhiwo zayo eziwusizo azonakaliswa.

U-Okra uphathiswe imifino

Ukuze ulondoloze izithelo ze-okra isikhathi eside, sebenzisa ukuqanda okusheshayo, ukomisa noma ukuwafaka.

I-Okra (i-okra) yakhula ngaphandle kwezinkinga, yatshala imbewu ngqo emhlabathini (isb., Ngaphandle kwezithombo), engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi (namanje isitshalo se-thermophilic).

SE

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E-Krasnodar Territory, ngakhula ngilungile. (U-Okra igama lakhe lesibili). Uma ngingenzi iphutha, lesi sitshalo siyisihlobo sikotini. Imifino iyathakazelisa impela, ungapheka izitsha ezimnandi, kepha njalo kusuka engqongqotheleni abasebasha, njengoba beshesha ukuvuthwa futhi babe lukhuni. Kuqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ze-mucous, ivuselela kahle isisu. Izimo zokukhula: okushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya - hhayi ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-14-16. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo uye enyakatho, ungazama ukukhula endaweni eluhlaza okotshani noma ngaphansi kokulondolozwa kwamafilimu. Isikhathi esikhulayo sezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-90.

Ffr

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i-okra (i-okra) - izithelo kufanele zisuswe njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho zizothamba, zibe yimicu. I-Super esiphundu emnandi. Imifino ethela izithelo kakhulu, kepha futhi, ungasukhi usayizi. Okuncane, okungcono. I-pexless laxative.

Vx900

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Ukuvunwa kwe-okra kuzothokozisa abalimi nabalimi kungakhathalekile ukuthi kutshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma obala.Futhi izitsha ezilungiselelwe kusuka kulo mkhiqizo wokudla zizokwehluka futhi zinothise noma yikuphi ukudla.