Iklabishi yimifino ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Lokhu kungenxa yokunambitheka okuhle kanye nezinto ezizuzisayo ezakha ukwakheka. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele ukujuluka kwalesi siko.
Ukhiye wesivuno esihle yizithombo eziqinile nezinempilo. Ezitolo ezikhethekile kuvezwa okunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu zalo. Kusuka kwiklabishi ungapheka izitsha eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Imifino isithole nokusebenza kwayo emithini yesintu. Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho ehlobo bavame ukuyisebenzisa ukuqeda izinambuzane.
Izinketho zokutshala iklabishi
Iklabishi lithathwa njengengxenye yomndeni wakwaCrcferous. Imbewu ngokubukeka ifana nembewu yesithombo. Ngenxa ye-photophilousness nokuqina okukhulu kwesithwathwa, kunzima impela ukukhulisa le mifino ekhaya.
Indlela yezithombo
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokutshala, baqondiswa ubuchwepheshe obukhulisiwe obukhombisile. Kuyafana kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ukufakelwa kwempahla kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukunquma usuku ngqo, cabanga ukuvuthwa kokugcina kanye nezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Ukuziba lezi zincomo kugcwele umkhiqizo omncane.
Imbewu zidinga ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, imbewu ifakwa ekuqineni nasekwenzeni igciwane. Ngokuvamile amahlumela avela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-6 ngemuva kokutshala. Umbuso wokushisa omuhle awudluli +18 ° C. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukungezwani kwamafilimu. Iyasuswa ngemuva kokuba kwakhiwe ishidi lokuqala leqiniso.
Ukuvikela ukwanda ngokweqile kwezithombo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kuzodingeka lincishiswe libe ngu-+8 ° C. Imisebenzi edingekayo ibuye ifake umoya omncane wegumbi kanye nokunisela okuhleliwe. Okwesibili, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esikhanyayo esikhanyayo se-potassium permanganate.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, amahlumela adluliselwa kumabhodwe we-peat. Bangashintshwa ngesikhunta seplastiki.
Ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sifinyelele kumingcele ethile. Ekuqaleni, ekuvuthweni okuphakathi nokwindla sekwephuzile, zihlukile kakhulu.
Indlela engenanhlonipho
Le ndlela, ngokungafani nenkolelo ethandwayo, ayinzima. Kulokhu, imbewu itshalwa emibhedeni ebilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Iklabishi elitshalwe ngale ndlela libonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu kobusika nokubekezelela isomiso. Uma yonke imithetho ilandelwa, ubungozi bezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane luzoncishiswa kakhulu. Izinzuzo ezingezekile zifaka ukukhula okusheshayo (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesidingo sokufakelwa), ukukhanyisa okugcwele, nokuphuma ngokushesha kwekhanda.
Phakathi kwezinto ezithinta umkhiqizo, isimo sokuqala senhlabathi, ukusebenza kwezinyathelo zokulungiselela, kanye nesimo sezulu kuhlukaniswa.
Ngendlela okungeyona enhlanyelo, iklabishi sekwephuzile kanye naphakathi ekuqaleni kokukhula kakhulu ivame ukukhula.
Izinsuku zokutshala iklabishi zango-2019
Ukuthola isivuno esihle, kufanele ukhethe isikhathi esifanele sokutshala. Ngasikhathi sinye, aqondiswa yizici ezinjengokuthi:
- indlela yokukhula;
- isikhathi sesikhathi sokutshala;
- izici ezihlukile;
- indawo yokubeka.
Uma umlimi enquma ukutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovaliwe, izinsuku zingashintshwa ngamaviki ambalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokushisa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi kwizakhiwo ezigcina ukushisa.
Amaningi aqondiswa ikhalenda yenyanga. Uma uyihlanganisa uthatha izinkomba eziningi. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa okungathi sína uhlelo lapho kubekwa khona izinsuku ezimbalwa ezinhle zokutshala iklabishi.
Ikhalenda lenyanga linezinsuku ezingama-29 noma ezingama-30. Le nkathi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezikhulayo nezinciphile. Izinsuku lapho inyanga nenyanga iwela zibaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ukutshala, okwenziwe ngesikhathi esihle, kuzoba nomthelela ekuqiniseni isitshalo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kunconywa engxenyeni yokuqala yenyanga.
Ngenyanga entsha, inhlabathi kufanele iphumule, futhi enyangeni ephelele, ukuvuna kuqala.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala nokutshala iklabishi enyangeni ekhulayo.
Ngo-2019, lo imifino ungatshalwa ezitshalweni ngoMashi (10-13, 15-18), ngo-Ephreli (8-12, 15-17). Ukutshala izithombo noma imbewu ngaphansi kwesembozo emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi (7-17) ngoJuni (5, 6, 9-15). Lesi sakamuva sikhuluma ngeklabishi yaseBeijing.
Izinsuku ezingezinhle: Mashi (5-7.20-22), Ephreli (4-6, 18-20), Meyi (4-6, 18-20), Juni (2-4, 16-18).
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo, kubalulekile ukuba unake izinhloso ezizolandelwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Isibonelo, iklabishi yakuqala idliwa okusha. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa ukuvuthwa okuphakathi nendawo zisetshenziselwa ukuvutshelwa kwesikhashana, kamuva - ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside nokwakhiwa kwezikhala.
Iminyaka yezithombo inqunywa ngokuya ngesimo sayo sangempela. Isikhathi sokukhula yisikhathi esidingekayo ukufeza ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kukhonjiswa kwiphakheji enezimbewu.
Abaningi balulekwa ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zeklabishi ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungenzeka uma isimo sezulu sivuma.
Futhi, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezici zokuhlukahluka.
Iklabishi elimhlophe libhekwa njengesilimo esivimbela ukubanda kunazo zonke. Kungashiwo okufanayo nge-broccoli, i-kohlrabi, iSavoy, enekhanda elibomvu neBrussels.
Iklabishi laseBeijing litshalwe kamuva kunezinye izinhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa ye-thermophilicity yayo kanye nesikhathi sokukhula esifushane.
Izidingo zomhlaba ongakhuli wezithombo zamaklabishi
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi yezithombo kungathengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma kwenziwe ngokuzimela. Ukwakhiwa kuqukethe: umhlaba we-turf, ama-humus ngamasheya alinganayo kanye nomlotha (1 tbsp.spoon nge-1 kg yenhlabathi.
Esimweni sokugcina, kufanele sibulawe amagciwane bese sibalwa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Izici zezithombo ezikhulayo ekhaya
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokutshala, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebhokisini noma ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezihlukile. Lapho unquma isikhathi, kufanele ubheke ama-nuances alandelayo:
- izithombo zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-8 kuya kokugcina ngemuva kokutshala;
- ekwakhekeni kwezithombo zabantu abadala, kuthatha ezinye izinsuku ezingama-50.
Ngokusekwe kulokhu, imbewu kufanele itshalwe kungxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zidlulele emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuthola izithombo eziqinile, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso othile wokushisa. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, akumele yedlule +9 ° C ebusuku futhi +17 ° C phakathi nosuku, ngaphandle kwalokho izithombo zizokwanda.
Ukukhetha kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kombhangqwana wokuqala wamaqabunga eqiniso. Le nqubo izosiza ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande, inikeze ukukhanyisa okwanele kanye nokudla okunempilo. Ukuhluma okusebhokisini akufanele kusondele kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Izithombo zenqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukuthulula amanzi abandayo. Lokhu kungadala ukubonakala kwezimpawu zomlenze omnyama.
Ukutshala izithombo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo
Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ilinganiswe futhi icutshungulwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikeleke umthelela omubi wamagciwane kanye nezinambuzane. Ukulungiselela ngendlela efanele isihluthulelo sokungazethezeki okuphezulu. Ukubulala amagciwane kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-potassium permanganate.
Uhlelo lolu luyakhiwa, lugxila ohlelweni olucishe lube yimisebenzi yezolimo. Uma umlimi enquma ukwenqaba ukukha, okungenani kufanele kube amasentimitha ayi-5 phakathi kwezimbewu .. Uma le nto ikhona, ibanga elifanele lingamasentimitha amathathu.
Uma izimo zokushisa ezidingekayo zihlangatshezwa, izithombo zizovela ezinsukwini ezi-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Kufanele zithuthwe impova ngomlotha wezinkuni. Esikhathini sosuku ku-greenhouse kufanele sisuke ku-+15 kuya ku-+17 ° C, ebusuku - kungadluli ku-+9 ° C.
Izici zokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeklabishi
Iklabishi elimhlophe lingatshalwa ezitshalweni nasezitshalweni. futhi izithombo zikhula kuphela emhlabathini ovikelekile. Izinhlobo ezisele zeklabishi zinezimpawu zazo zokutshala.
- Iklabishi yaseShayina neBeijing kumele itshalwe emhlabathini ngokushesha. Lapho kukhula izithombo, kuba nesidingo sokudlulisa amahlumela kusuka ebhokisini elivamile kuya kwizimbiza zokucwilisa bese enhlabathini evulekile. Lezi izehlakalo zithinta kabi ukwakheka kwemifino.
- Ikholifulawa lidinga inhlabathi evundile. Isitshalo sibonisa ukushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama onothando. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-252 C, ukukhuphuka ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kungenzeka. Umphumela uba ukuvela komgodi esiqwini nokwakheka kwamakhanda ahlukanisayo ngosayizi omncane.
- IBroccoli inemibala egqamile. Imifino ingaba nsomi, iluhlaza okotshani noma iphuzi-luhlaza. Isici saso sibonisa ukungathobeki. Ubunzima ngokutshalwa kwalesi sitshalo ngokuvamile asiqhamuki.
- UKati akakhiqizi amakhanda amakhulu aminyene eklabishi. Izici zayo ezihlukanisayo zifaka ubukhona bezindlela ezinama-curly-leaved and sheet-sheet sheet, ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu. Le nhlobonhlobo ilungele ukukhula endaweni enomthunzi. Inhlabathi ingahle ivezwe yi-acidity ephansi. Izithombo zibekwa endaweni evulekile lapho iminyaka yayo ifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-50.
- Amahlumela eBrussels anesiqu eside lapho amakhanda amancane eklabishi avela khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ububanzi bawo abudluli ku-7 cm. Isikhathi sezitshalo sisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-135 kuye kwezingu-160.
- I-Kohlrabi yisimo esibonakala sibonisa ukunambitheka okumnene nobuchopho.
Ilungiselela ukufika emhlabeni ovulekile
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha indawo efanele. Kufanele kukhanye kahle. Uhlu lwezidingo eziyisisekelo lubandakanya umswakama nokukhanya. Uma iklabishi itshalwe emthunzini, ngeke ulinde isivuno esihle.
Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuba sisebenzise umthunzi omncane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaqabunga obucayi angahlupheka. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukushiswa kwenzeka kubo.
Isiko kufanele litshalwe emhlabathini otshaliwe. Uhlu lwezinketho ezinhle kakhulu luhlanganisa ama-peatland asezingeni eliphansi, izindawo ezihamba ngamatshe, izindawo ezinamanzi nezindawo ezinesihlabathi esikhulu.
Ukuze uzuze ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, udinga ukubheka izinga le-acidity (pH). Kwenhlabathi ye-sod-podzolic, le nkomba kufanele ihluke kusuka ku-6.5 kuya ku-7.0, yenhlabathi enobuthi be-peat-bog - ukusuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-5.5.
Ukutshala iklabishi enhlabathini ene-acid kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuzinzisa i-acidity, ufulawa we-dolomite noma umlotha wezinkuni ungeniswa emhlabathini. Kubandakanya i-magnesium ne-calcium. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bangeza uthuli lwentuthu kulezi zinto. Ngale ndlela, ukuvela kwethambo elibethelekayo kunqatshelwe.
Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezitshalwe endaweni ekhethiwe ngaphambili. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kwakuyi-clover, amazambane, u-anyanisi. Uhlu luhlanganiselwa ngamakhukhamba, i-beetroot fodder ngonyaka.
Iklabishi lidonsela izakhi zomzimba eziningi enhlabathini, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukulitshala endaweni eyodwa. Umhlaba ngemuva kwalesi siko udinga ukuvuselelwa komhlaba kabusha.
Ukwenza inhlabathi ivunde kakhulu, ivundiswa ngamanyolo we-potash ne-nitrogen. Imisebenzi eminingi yezolimo yenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zamaminerali, i-organic mambo ifakwe enhlabathini. Amaminerali, umquba, umquba kanye ne-humus kubekwa phansi emhlabathini ekwindla.
Indawo ekhethiwe yokutshala ilungiselelwe ekwindla.
Imibhede idinga ukutholakala ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga.
Ukumba kukhulisa ukuvama komoya nomoya wobumbano. Inzuzo eyengeziwe yokucubungula ekwindla ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane. Umanyolo wethulwa emhlabathini ezinyangeni zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kufanele kufaka phakathi izinto eziphilayo (umquba obolile, umquba) kanye namaminerali (potassium, phosphorus). Ingxube yokudla ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile.
Ukutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile
Inhlobonhlobo ngayinye inekhalenda yayo yentuthuko nezidingo. Masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile, izinhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa zivame ukutshalwa. Kubandakanya iklabishi elimhlophe neklabishi le-Savoy. Zithatha izimpande kahle entwasahlobo. Izithombo zitshalwa ngokuba khona kwamaqabunga kusuka ku-5-15 ezitshalweni. Isikhathi ngqo sokutshala sinqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini zezulu. Izinga lokushisa lomoya iklabishi etshalwe ngalo emhlabathini akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka +18 ° C.
Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingama-25 cm, phakathi kwamarowu angama-40-50 cm.Kuklabishi sekwedlule isikhathi, ibanga kufanele lenyuswe ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngemuva kokutshala, ziniselwa kahle futhi zifakwe emanzini amaningi.
Leli siko liyabathanda omakhelwane. Phakathi kwamakhanda okwakha ungatshala u-anyanisi, isipinashi kanye namasaladi ahlukahlukene. Lezi zitshalo zinesistimu yezimpande engaphezulu.
