I-Zucchini iyisitshalo somndeni wethanga, izwe lakubo yiMexico. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, isetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekuphekeni. Kuqukethe inani elincane lamakhalori, eliwusizo kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.
Imifino ayilandeleki, kungenzeka ukuyikhulisa endaweni eluhlaza, endaweni evulekile nangezinye izindlela. Ukukhiqiza kuzoba phezulu kakhulu kuyo yonke imithetho yezolimo.
Imbewu ye-zucchini ehamba phambili yomhlabathi ovulekile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zembewu ye-zucchini; zihlukile ngesimo, umbala wesikhumba, ubukhulu kanye nokunambitheka. Hlukanisa phakathi kokuvuthwa kokuqala, phakathi kokuvuthwa, kokuvuthwa sekwephuzile.
Kunconywa ukukhula endaweni evulekile:
- I-Cavili F1 - i-Dutch hybrid, ekuqaleni, ukwakheka kwesilinda, luhlaza okotshani. Etshalwe ngoMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izithelo zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amane. Ukumelana nezifo. Ngobude abukho ngaphezu kwama-22 cm, isisindo - 350 gr.
- I-Aral iyi-hybrid; ingatshalwa ngoMeyi ngaphandle kokwesaba isithwathwa. Izithelo ziluhlaza okukhanyayo kufinyelela ku-800 gr., Zivele emva kwezinsuku ezingama-45.
- I-Iskander F1 - Omele amaDashi, amelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. Kuhlwanyelwe ngo-Ephreli, ukhula ube ngu-20 cm futhi unesisindo esingama-600 gr. Isikhumba mncane, inyama enamafutha. Kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-40-45.
- Isazi sezinkanyezi - izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-bush, zilwa ne-powdery hlobo, kufinyelela ku-18 cm ubude.
- I-Belogor - imelana nezithelo ezibandayo, eziluhlaza nezimhlophe ezinesisindo esifinyelela ku-1 kg.
- I-Tsukesha iyi-zucchini ehlukahlukene, izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Izithelo ziluhlaza obumnyama ngamachashazi amancane afinyelela ku-30 cm nesisindo esingu-1 kg. NgoMeyi, kuhlwanyelwe, kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-45.
- I-Ardendo 174 F1 - isuka eHolland, izithelo ezimise isikhonkwane, luhlaza okhanyayo onamachashazi. Isisindo cishe singama-600 gr. Izici ezinsukwini ezingama-45. Etshalwe ngoMeyi, asesabi amazinga okushisa ngokweqile. Kudinga ukuthambisa okuningi, ukulima, ukugqoka okuphezulu.
- Okumhlophe - ukuthambisa kakhulu, isisindo sifinyelela ku-1 kg, ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-40, kungamelana ne-Powdery hlobo, efanele ukulondolozwa.
- IGold Rush F1 - izithelo ziphuzi, nokunambitheka okumnandi, 20 cm ubude no-200 g. Ukuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-50, izihlahla zixubene, azihlushwa yi-peronosporosis.
- UMashe F1 - ukukhula ngesimo sezulu esomile, izinambuzane azimhluphi. Isisindo singama-3.5 kg.
- I-Spaghetti iyinhlobo engajwayelekile, efana nethanga, izithelo ziphuzi, lapho ziphekiwe, inyama ihlukana ibe yimicu efana ne-pasta.
- I-Gribovsky 37 - iziqu ezihlotshisiwe, izithelo zesimo sobucylindrical 20-25 cm, kufinyelela ku-1,3 kg, okuluhlaza okotshani.
- URoller - omelana nokupholisa, unokunambitheka okuphezulu, usetshenziselwa izikhala.
Izithombo ezikhulayo ze-zucchini
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, imbewu yemifino ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha engadini, ezindaweni ezibandayo izithombo zilungiswa kuqala. Inhlabathi ithengwa ngokukhethekile ithanga noma ihlanganiswe enhlabathini enamahlamvu, humus, engeza i-peat kanye ne-sawdust (2: 2: 1: 1). Enye inketho Peat, umquba, turf umhlaba, sawdust (6: 2: 2: 1). Umhlaba ubulala amagciwane esixazululweni se-manganese ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala.
Imbewu igcinwa kuqala elangeni izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, bese ifakwe emanzini afudumele, ihlanganiswe ngendwangu emanzi emva kwamahora ambalwa. Imbewu iyaqandeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Izimbiza ezilungiselelwe noma izinkomishi ezilungiselelwe ezinobude obungama-0.5 l zigxiliwe ngokuqinile ngenhlabathi futhi zihlwanyelwe ekujuleni kuka-1-3 cm, imbewu ngayinye eyodwa. Uma zingazange zifakwe emanzini ngaphambili, khona-ke 2-3, khona-ke amahlumela angenamandla asusiwe. Faka amanzi kakhulu bese ulinda emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ukushisa kusethwe + 23 ... +25 ° C. Uma kungekho kukhanya okwanele, khanyisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, izinga lokushisa lehliselwa ku- + 18 ... +20 ° C ukuze izithombo zingabe zisanda. Ngemuva kwesonto, banikezwa i-urea noma umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, okwesibili ngama-nitrophos. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamashidi angempela, adluliselwa embhedeni wengadi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amahlumela aqina ngesonto, ehlisa izinga lokushisa.
Ukutshala izinsuku kuncike esifundeni:
- Ibhendi ephakathi ukuphela kuka-Ephreli;
- Isifunda saseMoscow - ukuphela kuka-Ephreli, ukuqala kukaMeyi;
- ISiberia, ama-Urals - ukuphela kukaMeyi, ukuqala kukaJuni.
Ngokwekhalenda lenyanga lowe-2019, izinsuku ezinhle ngu-Ephreli: 15-17; Meyi: 10, 13-17; NgoJuni: 5-9.
Kufanele icatshangwe - emva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5 emva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo kufanele vele zitshalwe emhlabathini.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyancoma: izindlela zokukhula kwe-zucchini
Abalimi bayazi izimfihlo eziningana ukuze bathole isivuno esihle uma kungekho sikhala esanele esizeni. Kuvele indlela entsha yokutshala imbewu "ngeminenke" (amabhodwe epulasitiki asongwe ngendlela ekhethekile).
Kukhula isikhwama
Izikhwama zisetshenziselwa ushukela, ufulawa noma izikhwama zepulasitiki ezingama-120 kg. Umanyolo we-organic, inhlabathi evela engadini, sawdust iyathelwa. Ngezansi yenza izimbobo ezimbalwa. Isihlahla esisodwa sezithombo sifakwa esikhwameni ngasinye. Amanzi bese wenza umanyolo wezimbiwa. Ukuthambisa, kufakwa ithubhu elinomgodi elinezimbobo, kufakwa phezu kwethefu phezulu.
Ukukhula ngendlela ekhohlisayo
Kulokhu, lo substrate ulungiselelwe ngonyaka. Sika utshani engadini bese ubeka isitaki ngendlela yombuthano omkhulu, ububanzi obungama-2,5 m. Faka amazambane, utamatisi, iziqathe zekarrothi. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokushisa ngokweqile, ukuphakama kwayo kuyofinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.5. Ngale fomu, hamba uye ebusika. Entwasahlobo baphendukela, bagcwalise umhlaba kuze kube ngu-10 cm. Hlukanani izingxenye ezintathu bese nihlwanyela imbewu ekhula, izingcezu ezi-4 lilinye. I-hay notshani zibekwa emaphethelweni ukuze inhlabathi ingome. IZucchini ivela ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3.
Imiphongolo
Kusetshenziswa imiphongolo engama-150-200 litre, kufakwa ipayipi elinezimbobo ezincane lapho. Amapulangwe, amabhulashi njengamanzi abekwa phansi. Ama-humus aphezulu, i-hay, inhlabathi, i-sawdust kanye ne-peat ezingqendweni. Bese kuthi omunye umhlabathi ovela esizeni. Izithombo zitshalwa ezizungeze imiphetho. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngezigxobo zepayipi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu nokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo zitshalwe emhlabathini ngenhlama, ukuze kungalimali izimpande. Indawo ilungiswe ekwindla, yambiwa ngo-20-25 cm, yi-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate iyanezelwa noma amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Indawo yakhethwa ilanga, ngaphandle komoya. Bumba izimbobo, amanzi, beka isitshalo, ufafaze nomhlaba, amanzi. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ngamamitha ayi-1.5, phakathi kwezihlahla - 70-90 cm.
Indawo enhle yilapho ababenganduleli kwakungamazambane, iklabishi, izaqathe, u-anyanisi. Akulungile ukutshala emibhedeni uma kukhula ithanga, ukhukhamba, u-squash.
Imbewu ngamunye ngamunye, futhi owake womile ngaphambili, angcwatshwa emhlabathini obunjiwe futhi avundiswa nge-ammonium nitrate ngamasentimitha angama-3-4. Ibanga eliphakathi kwawo lingama-50-70 cm.Uma mbewu ayi-2-3 ehlwanyelwe, khona-ke ashiya enamandla. 
Ibanga Roller
Ukunakekelwa kweZucchini
Ukunisela okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sesivuno esihle. Lapho umhlabathi womile, izitshalo ziyaniselwa njalo ngezinsuku eziyishumi ukuze kungabikho umswakama owedlula ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngehlobo elomile, ziniselwa kaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho iziqu zizophuka. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, ngokushesha kusuka kwikholamu kuzokwenza izitshalo zibole. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uyeke ukuthambisa.
Ngaphambi kokuba imifino iqale ukhula, inhlabathi iyakhululwa, ukhula luyasuswa. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-4-5 amaqabunga eqiniso ama-spud.
Ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa ungakhohlwa impova. Kulokhu, izindlela eziningana zisetshenziselwa ukuheha izinambuzane. Imibhede ifafazwa ngesisombululo sikashukela (0.5 tbsp.) Ne-boric acid (2 g.) Ebhakedeni lamanzi. Faka uju oluhlanjululwe (1 tsp. Ku-250 ml wamanzi). Noma ama-marigold adonsela izinyosi atshalwa eduzane. Kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo zokuzitholela impova.
Bayondla ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ngemuva kokutshala nge-nitrophosus enamanzi (30 g ilitha), i-mullein (ihlanjululwe emanzini ashisayo (1: 10), ngemuva kwamahora ama-3 ihlanjululwe ngamanzi (1: 5) futhi iniselwe ngaphansi kwempande). Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kusetshenziswa i-superphosphate ene-potassium nitrate ehlanjululwe ngamanzi. Lapho kuvela izithelo - i-Agricola, i-nitrophosphate noma i-potassium sulfate ene-superphosphate ne-urea. Fafaza ngesisombululo seBud njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi.
I-zushchini ye-Bush ayibophisi, amahlumela ezinhlobo zokukhuphuka avunyelwe kwi-trellis bese ancipha phezulu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IZucchini kwesinye isikhathi ithela izifo kanye nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane.
| Inkinga | Izimpawu | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Inhlanganisela ethambile, emhlophe mpunga, bese iphenduka ibe nsundu. Amaqabunga aqothuka, omile, izithelo azonakalisiwe. | Kufafazwe ngesibabule se-colloidal, Bayleton, Quadris, Topsin-M. |
| Isikhunta esimnyama | Amabala aphuzi, bese amabala amnyama-onsundu emaqabunga. Izithelo azikhuli, ziqheqhe. | Ayikwazi ukwelashwa, amakhambi alimele ayasuswa, ashiswe. |
| I-Sclerotinia noma ukubola okumhlophe | Ukuhlanganiswa okumhlophe kuzo zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza kanye namaqanda, izithelo zithambile. | Izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasuswa, izingxenye zifafazwa ngamalahle, zondliwe ngomlotha, amagobolondo amaqanda, izingxube ze-phosphorus. Anisela inhlabathi ngeFitolavin, enze umquba. |
| I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha) | Amabala aluhlaza-ophuzi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aba nsundu. | Isiza i-oxychloride yethusi, iMetiram. Bayeka ukuchelela izinsuku eziningana, babondle ngomanyolo we-potash. |
| I-Anthractosis | Amabala aluhlaza aphuzi kumaqabunga, bese omile bese kuba yizimbobo, inyama inambitha okumunyu, izithelo ziyabola, zibole. | Kufafazwe nge-1% Bordeaux uketshezi, i-Previkur, amalungiselelo we-Fundazol. |
| Bacteriosis | Amabala amhlophe amhlophe, anesikhathi esinsundu se-angular, izilonda zamanzi ezitsheni. | Iphathwa nge-1% Bordeaux ketshezi, i-chloride yethusi. Uma kungasizi, izihlahla ziyachithwa. |
| Ikhukhamba mosaic | Amabala aphuzi, amhlophe, ashiya i-curl, akukho sitshalo. | Esigabeni sokuqala, inqubo ne-Actara, Actellik. Ukuvimbela, babhubhisa ngokushesha izintuthwane, ama-aphid aphethe lesi sifo. |
| I-Whitefly | Ukunamathela okuqinile ngemuva kwamaqabunga, okuphela kancane kancane. | Amabala ahlanzwa ngamanzi, inhlabathi iyakhululwa. Ngemuva kwalokho afafazwa ngama-insecticides: Commander, Tanrek, Oberon. |
| Amageza aphansi | Ingxenye engenhla iyoma kancane kancane. | Kufafazwe ukumnika u-anyanisi, ugwayi, ugarlic, iziqongo zamazambane noma iDisis, Karbofos |
| Slug | Yidla izimbali, amahlumela, amaqabunga. | Izinambuzane ziqoqwa ngesandla, upelepele, umhlanga lwesinaphi, amaqabunga amaqanda asakazeke ezungeze izihlahla. Ngokuhlaselwa okukhulu, baphathwa nge-sulfate yethusi, amagremu eMetaldehyde asakazekile. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Ithinta ingxenye engezansi yamapuleti amaqabunga, yakha amachashazi aphuzi, ama-cobwebs. Isitshalo siyoma. | Sebenzisa ukumnika u-anyanisi, ugalikhi ngokufaka insipho yokuwasha. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe namanje: 20% Chloroethanol, 10% Isophen. |
