Izimfihlo zokuvuna okucebile kwesithombo. Ungakhetha kanjani izinhlobo ezifanele futhi ukhule imifino enhle futhi enempilo?

I-Radish iyinhlobo yezitshalo ezinomsoco womndeni weKlabishi. Ifomu lasendle litholakala eYurophu nasezindaweni ezizungezile ze-Asia.

Ingxenye edlayo ye-isithombo yiyimifino empande ethanda njenge-radishes. Lesi sitshalo sibaluleke kakhulu emithini yendabuko ngezindawo zayo ezizuzisayo futhi sisetshenziselwa ukupheka ukulungiselela ama-saladi, ama-appetizers, isobho nezinye izitsha.

Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezici zokushukela nokuhambisana nezinye izitshalo. Kwembulwa izimfihlo zokuvuna okuhle. Futhi ikutshele ngezinkinga ezingenzeka nokuthi ungabanqoba kanjani.

Izici zokukhula nokunakekelwa

Isithombo sesitshalo sinezici ezithile, ukuhlukanisa ukunakekela kwakhe ekunakekelweni kweminye imifino:

1. Ukuzwela ukukhanya - ukuntuleka kwayo kuzoholela ekusungulweni kokungafanelekile kokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo zezimpande. Kungcono ukukhula endaweni evulekile ngokukhanya okungaphezulu kwelanga.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimila eziphilayo ezintsha ngaphansi kwesithombo asikwenziwanga: kuzokwenyusa ukuphindaphinda kwezinambuzane, ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe.
3. Ukuvuna ehlobo, ama-radishes atshalwa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukuvuna kwasebusika - engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.
4. Ukukhulisa izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabathini owomile nobunzima.
5. Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu wokutshala izitshalo ugobile. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo, inhlabathi enjengomhlabathi omnyama ngeke isebenze isithombo.
6. Isithombo singamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi emhlabathini nasemoyeni, ikhuthazelela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elibukhali.
7. Lesi siko, ngokungafani nabanye abaningi, ezimweni eziningi asidingi ukufaka umquba owengeziwe.
8. Ngezikhathi zesomiso, ukuchelela okuningi kunesibopho ukuze kugweme ukuphahlaza izithelo nokubonakala kokufutheka kuzo.

Iyahambisana nezinye imifino

Isidakamizwa sikhetha indawo yezitshalo ezinjengo-radishes, izaqathe, isipinashi, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, utamatisi, ama-beet nama-parsnips. Kusukela kumbono wokutshala embhedeni owodwa ngesithombo iklabishi, i-peas noma i-strawberries kufanele ishiywe. Isithombo sinika isivuno esihle, uma ngaphambi kwesayithi kwakukhule utamatisi, amazambane, imifino, ukhukhamba noma amathanga.

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zesithombo kukhona ukuvuthwa kokuqala (isibonelo, iMeyakaya), ukuvuthwa okuphakathi (uMargelanskaya, Chudnaya) nokuvuthwa kwesikhathi sezulu (Lekar, Gaivoronskaya).

Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuzosekelwe ezintweni ezinjengezikhathi zokuvuna ezifunwa, isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu sendawo, lapho izitshalo zizotshalwa khona, ukunambitha nezakhi zokwelapha, ukulinganiswa kokulondoloza indawo, inani lemvuno, njll.

Ukuvuna kokuqala, izinhlobo ezinqanda ukumelana namaqanda ezingatshalaliswa ekuqaleni kuka Mashi. Uma ufuna ukuvuna ukugcina ikhwalithi yayo isikhathi eside, izinhlobo ezifana ne-Winter Round White noma i-Winter Long Black zifanelekile. Lapho ukhiqiza isithombo ngezinhloso zokwelapha, ukhetho kufanele lwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezihlukahluka zeMargelanskaya.

Enye yezinhle kakhulu yi-Daikon ehlukahlukene. Inomusa omuhle, ongathobekile, izimpande zingakwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu obungamamitha angu-60 ubude kuze kube ngu-10 cm ububanzi. Okudliwayo yizona zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.

Usizo Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswe ukuthi asikwazi ukungena izinto ezilimazayo emvelweni, kungasetshenzwa ngokuphepha ezindaweni ezingcoliswa yendawo engokwemvelo - ubuthi obuyizimpande empande ngeke buthelele.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezidakamizwa, okukhethwa kuzo okwenzeka eRussia, yizona ezidingekayo kakhulu ezimweni zokunakekelwa futhi zilungiswa kakhulu ekutshalweni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezesimo esifanele.

Ukuthenga imbewu

Ungathenga imbewu yokusanhlamvu ezitolo ezikhethekile noma nge-intanethi. Abathengisi abanegama elingathandeki kufanele bangathengi impahla yokutshala. Amanani wezinhlanzi zembewu kusuka kuma-ruble angu-5 kuya ku-3500. iphakheji ngayinye, kuye ngohlobo, ikhwalithi yezimpahla, isisindo sokuqukethwe kwephakheji, njll.

Imiyalo Ekhulayo

Esikhathini sokushisa

• Ukufika. Isithombo esitsheni sokushisa singahlwanyelwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasehlobo, futhi ekuqaleni kwasebusika. Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ibe semanzi, kunconywa ukwenza amaminerali amaminerali. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini ibe yi-3 cm ejulile, isikhashana sibe ngu-15 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa okungenani ngu-20 cm.
• Izimo ezikhulayo. Esikhathini sokushisa, izinga lokushisa eliqinile (cishe ama-20-23 degrees) kumele ligcinwe. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngemifino ngomthombo wokukhanya owengeziwe (isibonelo, izibani ze-fluorescent).
• Ukunisela Isithombo somswakama wokushisa siphuziswa njengoba inhlabathi iyoma, ngokwesilinganiso - kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14-15, izinhlobo zebusika kaningi. Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi (cishe ama-8-10 amalitha amanzi ngehora elilodwa²).
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Isidakamizwa sidinga umquba wamaminerali angaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2 phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo (ngesikhathi sokuhluma kanye nenyanga eyodwa kamuva). Izitshalo ze-autumn ezivuthwe ngemuva kwesikhathi zivuthwe njalo ngeviki (ngaphezu kwamaminerali amaminerali, asetshenziselwa umanyolo we-nitrogen).
• Weeding Ukhula okhula eduze nesithombo kufanele lususwe njalo - ngesandla (ukudonsa emhlabathini) noma ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (isibonelo, choppers). Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga zingumhlabathi ongajulile okhululekayo.
• Ukuthinta. Isithombo - isitshalo esikhulu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele amahlumela ngesikhathi esifanele (emva kokuhluma kanye namaviki amathathu emva kokuqothula kokuqala). Izitshalo ezimele zifanele zihlulwe phansi kwesitshalo, kunokuba zisuswe emmpandeni (lokhu kungalimaza ama-rhizomes ezitshalo ezinempilo).
• Hilling lisetshenziswa kuphela ngenkathi ebandayo (ukuvimbela iqhwa).

Emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukufika kuyenziwa kokubili ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo kanye nasehlobo. Ukutshala ubusika obuncane kuvunyelwe (uma usebenzisa imbewu yezinhlobo ezikhethekile). Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuqala zokufika:

Ayizinamanzi

• Ukufika. Imbewu elungiselelwe itshalwe enhlabathini engaphambi kokukhulelwa neyomanzi enezintaba ezimisiwe (kuya kufinyelela kuka 2-3 cm), efafazwe ngomhlaba, i-tamped, futhi imboza imibhede. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwembewu singama-15-20 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 20-25 cm.
• Izimo ezikhulayo. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokukhula kwempande - ama-18-22 degrees. Isithombo sokuvuthwa okufanako sithanda ukukhanya kwelanga elide.
• Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo. Ukuphumula okude kungadala ekubunjweni kwemigodi ezimpandeni. Ekuqaleni, emva kokuhluma, isithombo siphuziswa njalo ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, ehlobo - njengoba inhlabathi ikhala. Ku-1 m² 10-15 amalitha amanzi kufanele ahambe. Izinhlobo zasebusika azidingi ukuchelela okuningi.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Phakathi nenkathi, ama-fertilizer amaminerali asetshenziswa izikhathi ezingu-2 - esiteji sokubukeka kwamaqabunga amaqiniso amabili emahlathini nasesiteji sokuqala sokwakheka kwesithelo, izinsuku ezingu-25-30 emva kokudla kokuqala. Ukusebenza kokugqoka kuqedwa amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna.
• Weeding Ukhula luyasuswa embhedeni njengoba lukhula. Ukhula luyakwandisa ingozi yezinambuzane zasendle, "ukudonsa" emhlabathini umswakama kanye nezakhi. Ngemuva kokunisela, kutuswa ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi (hhayi ejulile kune-6-7 cm).
• Ukuthinta ukukhiqiza isikhathi esithile emva kokuhluma kwezithombo. Izitshalo ezingeziwe futhi ezibuthakathaka zisuswa, zidonsa noma zizisika. Phakathi kwamahlumela ushiye inhlabathi engama-5-6 cm. Ngesikhathi sokunciphisa kabusha, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele likhule lifinyelele ku-15 cm (uma kwenzeka izinhlobo zehlobo) noma ku-20-25 cm (esimweni sezinhlobo zasebusika).
• Hilling Yenzelwe ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka okusheshayo komswakama kusuka emhlabathini, ukuvikela izitshalo zasekwindla nobusika kusukela ku-frost. Kusenziwa njengengxenye engenhla yempande ibonakala emhlabathini - kulokhu, inqubo "yokuhlunga" inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo isiza ukulondoloza ukunambitheka komkhiqizo.

Rassadny

• Ukufika. Imbewu yokuhlwanyela iyenziwa eziqukathweni ezigcwele isakhi se-nutrient substrate. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwembewu okungenani sibe ngu-3 cm.
• Izimo ezikhulayo. Izithombo zigcinwa endaweni eyomile, emva kokuvela kwamahlumela adluliselwe ohlangothini olusenyangeni noma ebhalini.
• Ukunisela nokudla. Amanzi ahluma kuncike ekutheni umswakama wenhlabathi, ngokwesilinganiso kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-10-12. Ngesikhathi sokukhulela izithombo, ukugqoka okuphezulu akufakwanga, kodwa inhlabathi evundisiwe isetshenziselwa ukutshala imbewu.
• Ukuthinta Isidakamizwa ekhaya siyadingeka njengalapho sikhulile ku-greenhouse noma emhlabathini ovulekile.
• Weeding futhi hilling izithombo azikhiqizi. Esikhathini sesigaba sama-3-4 amaqabunga alesi sitshalo atshalwe ensimini.

Ekhaya

Sakaza ukulima okugcwele esikhaleni ngamathangi amakhulu.

• Ukutshala emabhokisini kwenziwa ukuze izitshalo zingaphazanyane, kanti izimpande zinesikhala esanele sokuthuthukiswa. Izinhlobo zakuqala nezingenakuzithoba zifaneleka kakhulu.
• Izimo Ukushisa okungcono kunama-degree angu-15-22. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo singadluliselwa ekamelweni, ngenkathi efudumele - sibeka emoyeni ovulekile.
• Ukunisela kuyenziwa kanye ngesonto, ukondla kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Ukucwenga - umcimbi onesibopho ekunakekeleni isithombo sekhaya.
• Ukuhlunga kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka.
• Ukulimala kwenziwa kuphela uma izimpande zingenalutho.

Izimfihlo zokuvuna okuhle

Lapho ukhula kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezinye iziqili:

1. Ukwehlukanisa imibhede kuzosiza umhlaba ukuba ugcine umswakama kanye nezinto eziwusizo isikhathi eside, futhi isiko esithandayo umswakama siyokujabulela ngokuvuna okucebile.
2. Izitshalo ze-acidity yenhlabathi kufanele zibe ziphansi, kanti izimpande ziyoba zinkulu, enambitheka kakhulu.
3. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuyisihluthulelo ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo ezinkulu ezimpande.
4. Ukutshala kwezwe ngotshani uthuli nomlotha ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuzovikela isitshalo ezinambuzane, futhi umlotha uzosebenza njengomanyolo we-potash.

Izifo

1. Ukubola okumhlophe - ukunqotshwa nokuqothulwa kwezicubu.
2. Idonsa likaMealy - kuthinta ama-stalks namaqabunga, kancane kancane - iziqu.
3. Umlenze omnyama - ukutheleleka kwe-fungal engxenyeni engenhla yempande kanye nengxenye ephansi ye-rosette enamagatsha.

Ukulwa: ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ezinempilo kusuka ekuguleni, ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi ezilimazayo noma izitshalo ezigulayo, ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwemifino ye-pathogenic.

Izinambuzane

1. I-Kapustnitsa (butterfly).
2. I-moth iklabishi.
3. Spring iklabishi fly.
4. I-Cruciferous flea.

Ukulwa: uphefa izitshalo ezithintekile ngamanzi nezinambuzane, uzihlukanise nezinye izitshalo.

Ukuvimbela: ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka futhi nezindlela zokuzinqoba

1. Ukubola kwempande. Ivela ngenxa yokungena ngokweqile. Inani lamanzi kudingeka lihliswe.
2. Izithelo zikhula kabi. Mhlawumbe lesi sitshalo asinakho ukukhanya okwanele noma umhlabathi unzima kakhulu. Inkinga ixazululwa ngokudluliselwa emibandela efanelekile, ukukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi.
3. I-bolting enamandla. Mhlawumbe inhlabathi iyancipha kakhulu. Ivunyelwe ukuncipha kokufakelwa kwenhlabathi ye-acidity (isibonelo, ngokulinganisa).
4. Ukuqhekeka kwe-fetus. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntula umswakama. Kubalulekile ukulungisa umbuso wokunisela, ukukhiqiza imibhede eningi noma imifula yezitshalo.

Ukugcwalisa umzimba ngamavithamini nezakhi, kunconywa ukuba wengeze isithombo ekudleni okujwayelekile ebusika nasentwasahlobo. Imifino isungulwe ngokwayo njenge-agent evikelayo futhi elwa nokuvuvukala okuphumelelayo, ngenxa yokuthi iba yinto ethandwa kakhulu ekuhlaleni ezindaweni ezizimele.