Okudingayo ukwazi nge-squash nokutshala kwabo

U-squash ungowomndeni ofanayo njengamathanga ne-zucchini, owaziwa kakhulu kubalimi abaningi. Kepha abakwazi ukuqhosha ngokuthandwa okufanayo ngokuthi "izihlobo". Ngasizathu simbe, isiko lithathwa njengelingenasidingo futhi elinakekela ngenkani, yize lokhu kungenjalo kuyiqiniso. Noma ngubani okhula ngempumelelo i-zucchini uzothola isivuno se-squash ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona, umlimi ngamunye angathola enye emfanela kakhulu, agxile ekubukekeni kwezithelo, ukukhiqiza, ukumelana nesithwathwa nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.

I-squash ibukeka kanjani nokuthi yini ewusizo

IPatisson isitshalo saminyaka yonke esinesihlahla noma isihlahla somhluzi esingumndeni wakwaPumpkin. "Izihlobo" zayo eziseduze kakhulu, ithanga ne-zucchini sekuyisikhathi eside zaziwa kakhulu kubalimi. Iningi lama-botanists libheka iNingizimu Melika njengendawo lapho kuzalwa khona u-squash, yize kunobufakazi bokuthi lesi sitshalo sasitshalwa eGibhithe lasendulo. Kuze kube manje, i-squash yasendle ayitholakali emvelweni, ngakho-ke umbuzo uhlala uvulekile.

I-Europe yahlangana nabo ngesikhathi sokutholwa okukhulu kwezindawo. Lesi sitshalo silethwe ezweni labo ngabathumbi baseSpain. Isimo sezulu saseMedithera sisondele kakhulu kusiko, futhi ngokushesha sathola ukuthandwa. Manje i-squash icishe ibe yingxenye yokudla kwaseFrance. Ngisho negama elijwayelekile livela ku-French pâté (pie), elichaza ukwakheka kwezithelo okungajwayelekile. Futhi u-squash uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amathanga abunjiwe esitsheni."

Imifino exotic weza eRussia ngekhulu le-17. Lokhu akusho ukuthi isiko laqala ukuthandwa ngokushesha naphakade, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili, isikwashi sitholakala ngisho naseSiberia. Bajwayela kahle isimo sezulu esinzima. Noma ukumelana kwabo nesithwathwa kunje ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ngeke zikubekezelele ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa kuya kumanani amibi.

Lesi sitshalo simile impela, imivimbo imfushane. Amacembe makhulu, anokhahlo uma uthintwa, embozwe yi "villi" engavamile. Izimbali zihlala zodwa, ziphuzi zegolide, zisesimweni esifana nensimbi. Bangobulili obufanayo, ngakho-ke, ukuze izithelo ziqale, isitshalo sidinga "usizo" lwezinambuzane noma umlimi.

Amabhasi esikwashi ngokuvamile ajwayelekile

Izithelo zes squash ithanga. Isisindo siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-250-300 g kuya ku-800-1000 g, ububanzi - ukusuka ku-cm cm kuya ku-25-30 cm. Unganqikazi ukuvuna. Lapho leli squash likhula, kulapho isikhumba salo siqala ukuqina. Uginindela uba ukotini, ucishe ungabinambitha. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuqoqa imbewu, uma izinhlobonhlobo ezitshaliwe zingeyona i-hybrid.

Izimbali ze-squash zifana-nobulili obufanayo, impova ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kosizo lwangaphandle.

Imvamisa, isikhumba sipendwe ngombala omhlophe, ulethisi noma luhlaza okotshani. Kepha abalimi bazala utshani obuluhlaza, owolintshi, onsomi, no-squash. Umumo wezithelo ufana neplate noma isitsha. I-pulp ithambile, inambitheka kancane okunempilo. Yize amanye ama-foodies athi ukunambitheka kwe-squash kukukhumbuza i-asparagus noma i-artichoke.

Izinhlobo zokukhetha ze-squash ziyehluka ikakhulukazi kumbala wesikhumba nokwakheka kwengane

I-squash isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Bangakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni se-zucchini kunoma iyiphi iresiphi. Ukuma okungajwayelekile kwesithelo kuyenza ilungele ukugcotshwa. Zombili squash abavuthiwe nabancane baya ekudleni. Lezi zokugcina ngokuvamile zingadliwa ziluhlaza. Yizithelo ezineminyaka engu-7-16 esefinyelele kububanzi obuyi-5-7 cm, zibaluleke kakhulu ngabapheki abangochwepheshe. Ziphinde ziphathwe, zithosiwe, zifakwe emanzini anosawoti, zifakwe nosawoti.

I-squash egcwele inyama, imifino, ilayisi, ukwakheka kwezithelo zalokhu kulula kakhulu

I-squash ayimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi iphilile. I-pulp inothile nge-pectin, i-fiber, amaprotheni, uwoyela ongahluziwe, ushukela kanye ne-fructose. Imunzwa ngokushesha futhi isiza ukugaya ukudla okusindayo. Kwezinto ezilandelwayo, kungaphawulwa ubukhona be-potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, ithusi, i-iron, i-zinc, i-cobalt, ne-sodium. Okuqukethwe amavithamini wamaqembu B, C, E, PP squash adlula amathanga no-squash. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamabala aphuzi zicebile kuma-carotenoids kanye ne-lutein. Le antioxidant yemvelo isiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwegazi (ikakhulukazi ngokuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin), i-cholesterol ephansi, futhi inomphumela omuhle ekuboneni.

Ukudla kwe-squash kudala kwaziwa futhi kufakazelwa kusebenza. Umkhiqizo wayo oyinhloko ungashintshwa kalula nge-squash. Ziphansi futhi kilojoule. Izazi zezempilo zincoma ukuthi kudliwe izithelo ukuze kuvikelwe izifo zohlelo lwezinhliziyo, ukuqina kwamathumbu, kanye nezinkinga zezinso nezinso. I-squash yi-hypoallergenic, i-puree evela kubo ilungele ngisho nezingane ezincane. Ukuphela kokwephula umthetho kungukubekezelela komuntu ngamunye.

Imbewu yesikwele lecithin ingaqhathaniswa namaqanda. Ungumthombo wamaprotheni obalulekile owenzelwe imifino. I-Powder yabo isiza ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ibe ngejwayelekile. Ijusi lisusa ngempumelelo usawoti omningi kanye uketshezi emzimbeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo njalo kuyindlela yokuvimbela isifo sezinso ephumelelayo. I-diuretic enhle futhi enomoya ophansi osebenza nge-laxative iyigqinsi eliluhlaza.

Inyama yesikwashi ilungele impilo, futhi imbewu yayo nayo isetshenziswa emithini yabantu

Ukwehlukanisa squash kusuka ku-zucchini kulula kakhulu. Bheka nje izithelo. Uma sikhuluma ngomehluko omncane obonakalayo, ama-squash bush ahlanganiswe ngokwengeziwe, amaqabunga mancane. I-pulp yezithelo i-denser, inokunambitheka kwayo okudumile, okunothile. Kodwa i-zucchini idlula kakhulu i-squash ekukhiqizweni nasekunembeni.

Ividiyo: squash nezinzuzo zabo zezempilo

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi

I-Patisson isiko elithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi bezitshalo. Baye babele izinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo, ezahluka kakhulu kumbala wesikhumba nokwakheka kwengane.

Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezilandelanayo zo squash ziyatshalwa:

• White 13. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa eziphakathi nendawo, ezifuywa maphakathi no-60s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isabhekwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu zokukhula ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ubunzima bokuzithoba kokushiya (ngisho nangasemuva "kwezihlobo") nokumelana nesithwathwa. Ukukhiqiza - 3-5 kg ​​esihlahleni ngasinye. I-squash evuthwe ngokugcwele inesisindo esingu-400-500 g, izithelo ezisencane - 90-100 g. Ngokwesimo, zifana neplata, "ama-clove" eceleni komkhawulo abonakaliswa buthaka. Isikhumba simhlophe noma siphuzi isaladi, isicwebezelayo. Izithelo zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-65-70 ngemuva kokuvela.
• Isambulela Ibanga lokuqala. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-45-50. Ungathembela ku-4-5 kg ​​/ m². Isitshalo sinamandla impela, si-semi-bush. Izithelo zibukeka njengensimbi, ingaphezulu lele ntaba. Isikhumba simhlophe noma siluhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke, mncane, izithelo azifani ngokukhanya kwazo nokuthwala. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-squash ngu-300-400 g, ububanzi ngu-10-12 cm.
• Shayela. Izithelo zivunwa emva kwezinsuku ezingama-40-50 ngemuva kokuvela. Umumo we-squash disc, onophiko oludalulwe lwaba izingxenye, "ama-denticles" emaphethelweni cishe angabonakali. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-350-400 g. Isikhumba simhlophe. Uginindela ungobukhulu obuphakathi, hhayi obuluhlaza ikakhulukazi. Izithelo zigcinwe kahle, zingahlala kuze kube sebusika. Ukubuyisa okuphambili ukuthambekela kokuthinteka yi-powdery hlobo.
• Cheburashka. Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala, kusukela ekuhlumeni kwezithombo kuya kwezithelo ezifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-39. Isitshalo sinamandla, sakha imivimbo engu-8. Isisindo se-fetus singama-200-400 g, ububanzi bungama-9-10 cm, isikhumba simhlophe, mncane. Inyama imhlophe qhwa, ithenda ngokubunjiwe, inoshukela. Kuyaziswa kakhulu ngokwanda kweqhwa, ukunambitheka, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo okukhulu.
• Fuete. Izinhlobo eziphakathi kokuqala, izithelo ziyavuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-50-55. Izithelo zilingana-munye, zilingana, ngesimo sepuleti elinomphetho "wewavy". Isisindo - 280-300 g. Isikhumba sinsundu-owolintshi, mncane, kepha siqine. Ipulpula limhlophe qhwa, liminyene. Izinhlobonhlobo zahluka ngekhwalithi enhle yokugcina.
• Ilanga. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-58-70, kuya ngesimo sezulu. Isihlahla sixubene kakhulu, siyisigatsha esincane. Izithelo zibunjiwe ngesitsha, ngomphetho "obekekile". Isisindo - 250-300 g.Nxa uvuthwa, umbala wesikhumba uyashintsha usuka ophuzi ophuzi ube orenji okhanyayo. I-pulp inamafutha, i-beige emuncu, inambitheka kakhulu. Izitshalo kuyaqabukela zihlushwa i-real and downy hlobo.
• UFO orange. Ibanga lokuqala. Lesi sitshalo sihlangene. Ubuningi be-fetus buhlukahluka kusuka ku-280-300 g kuya ku-500 g. Isikhumba siphuzi, sicwebezelayo. Ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-3-5,5 kg / m². Kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-UFO, ezimhlophe, ezingafani nhlobo kunoma yini, ngaphandle kombala wesikhumba.
• Chunga Changa. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zibonakaliswa ukumelana nesithwathwa. Lesi sitshalo sihlanganisiwe. Izithelo zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-42-45. Isikhumba siluhlaza okomnyama ngombala, inyama enokhilimu omnandi, omuncu. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-400-450 g. U-squash obunjwe nge-Disc, onqenqemeni "olungenasici". Izinhlobonhlobo ziyabonakala ngokugomela okuhle.
• Gosh. Izithelo zivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-45-50. Isihlahla sihlangene, amaqabunga mancane. Izithelo zingama-malachite amnyama, acishe abe mnyama. Ukwahlukaniswa okucaciswe ngokwezigaba. Uginindela umhlophe qhwa, awugqinsi, awuluhlaza kangako. Isisindo esijwayelekile sika-squash singu-150-250 g. Ukukhiqiza kungama-1.3-4.2 kg / m². Kuya ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo, izinhlobonhlobo zifuna ukunakekelwa.
• Bingo Bongo Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezinezithelo ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingasho lutho. Zenziwe ngesimo se-disc, cishe ngaphandle kwe- “denticles”. Isihlahla siyaphawuleka ngesilinganiso sokukhula kwawo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sibumbene. Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-40.
• Polo I-squash yakuqala esevuthiwe. Isisindo esimaphakathi sezithelo singama-300-400 g. Isitshalo sihlanganisiwe. Izithelo zisesimweni sikapuleti, umbala wesikhumba uhluka kusuka ku-milky green kuya kusaladi. Uginindela umhlophe qhwa, hhayi aminyene. Izinhlobonhlobo zenani lesithelo saso esiphakeme njalo (i-8.8 kg / m resistance) nokumelana ne-Downy hlobo.
• ILunny Bunny. Izinhlobo zokuqala, ukuvuthwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-42-46. Izithelo ngesimo sediski, isikhumba siphuzi mnyama, inyama ino-oranges omuncu. Isisindo esijwayelekile sikashiki ngu-150-250 g. Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zaziswa kakhulu ngokuvezwa kwazo nokunambitheka kwezithelo, isivuno esihle (i-4.5 kg / m²), kanye nokumelana ne-powdery hlobo.
• I-watermelon F1. I-Mid -izini hybrid, ehlukaniswa umbala wombala wokuqala wezithelo. Esikhunjeni, ukukhanya okubanzi nemifushane emide eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlukile. Njengoba uvuthwa, u-squash osesimweni se-disc "round" kancane, aze abe njengamakhabe. Isisindo esijwayelekile sezithelo singama-300-450 g. Lesi sitshalo sinamandla, siqinisa amagatsha ngokuqinile.
• Chartreuse F1. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kweHybrid, okuhlukaniswa ukunambitheka kwezithelo. Isikhumba siluhlaza okomnyama, kwesinye isikhathi ngemivimbo emhlophe qwa noma isaladi namabala, inyama yesaladi. Njengoba uvuthwa, kancane mhlophe. Ububanzi be-fetus abudluli ku-3 cm, isisindo - 50-70 g.
• Ipiglet. U-squash wokuqala ovuthiwe, uvuthwe ngokwesilinganiso ngezinsuku ezingama-50. Isikhumba siluhlaza obomvu, bushelelezi. Isisindo esijwayelekile singama-225 g. Ukunambitha akukubi, kepha isivuno singama-1.5 kg / m² kuphela. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela isomiso kahle.
• Thokozani Langa. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zesikweletu ezivela eNetherlands. Izithelo zefomu ejwayelekile ngokwesiko, isikhumba siphuzi, sicwebezelayo, inyama imhlophe. Isisindo esimaphakathi - 80-100 g. Yaziswa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, isivuno esikhulu (kufika ku-16,5 kg / m²) nekhwalithi enhle yokugcina. Izithelo zihlala cishe kuze kube yisithwathwa sokuqala, izitshalo zibekezelela isomiso kahle.
• Ingane encane. Lesi sitshalo sihlangene, amaqabunga mancane. Ububanzi be-fetus buyi-3-5 cm. Isitshalo sivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-50. Ungathembela ku-3-5 kg ​​ukusuka esihlahleni. Isikhumba sezithelo ezakhiwe njengama-disc luhlaza okotshani, inyama icishe ibe mhlophe.

Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo ze-squash ezidumile phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia

Ikhula izithombo ezingama-squash

Imvamisa, abalimi, ukuze bathole isivuno sikashiki masishane, bakhule leli siko ngezithombo. Le ndlela yenziwa nasezifundeni ezifudumele lapho amahlobo amafushane engalindeleki ngokuya ngesimo sezulu.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukulungiswa kwembewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyimpoqo. Lokhu kuyasebenza nakulokho okuzotshalwa ngokushesha engadini. Ukwelashwa kuvusa ukubukeka kwezimbali eziningi zesifazane. Okokuqala, imbewu yosuku ihlanganiswa ngezicubu ezanyiswe ngesixazululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant, ukuyivimbela ukuthi ingomile. Ngemuva kwalokho zigezwa futhi zigcinelwe ezinye izinsuku ezimbili endaweni efudumele, ezimbozwe nge-gauze oswakanyiswe ngamanzi ajwayelekile. Ukufudumeza imbewu kuthatha isikhathi esincane - kufakwa emanzini ashisayo (50-60ºº) amahora angama-5-6 noma agcinwe kuhhavini, kufudumele ekushiseni okufanayo. Enye inketho okuthiwa yi-shock therapy. Isonto lonke, imbewu efihlwe esihlabathini esimanzi ifakwa esiqandisini ubusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku ifakwe efasiteleni likhanyiswe yilanga.

Imbewu yesikwele idinga ukwelashwa okuvela ngaphambi kwesikhathi

I-squash itholakala kalula ezifweni zokukhunta, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ifakwa imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-potassium permanganate noma noma ikuphi ukubulala imvelaphi yemvelo (iBayleton, Alirin-B, Ridomil-Gold). Ngemuva kwalokho zigezwa ngamanzi apholile bese zomiswa zibe yisimo esinefrimu.

Imbewu yezithombo itshalwe engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli. Kungcono ngokushesha kuzimbiza ezincane zepuni, ukukha nokudlulisa amasiko akubekezeleliki kahle kakhulu.

1. Amathangi agcwele ingxube ye-humus nenhlabathi yendawo yonke yezithombo (1: 1). Imbewu isondelana kuze kufike ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm. Isendlalelo esincane siniselwa ngokulinganayo, amabhodwe ambozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi.
2. Kuze kufike izithombo (lokhu kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-7-10) zigcinwa ebumnyameni ngamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-30 ° C. Lapho nje imbewu imila, indawo yokukhosela isuswe, yehliselwa ku-22-24 ° C phakathi nosuku ne-18-20 ° C ebusuku. Izinguquko zokushisa ezingazelelwe zezithombo zinobungozi kakhulu.
3. Izithombo ezineminyaka engu-10 kuya kwezingu-1210 zidla ngokuthulula isisombululo se-superphosphate elula (3-5 g ilitha lamanzi). Izithombo ziniselwa kancane, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Ngaphandle kwalokho, u-squash angabola.
4. Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zifafazwa ngesisombululo se-urea noma omunye umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ukukhulisa ukungabikhona komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwenza lukhuni, ngokunwebisa isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni esivulekile kusuka emahoreni angama-2-3 kuya kwayi-8-10. Iwindi elisendlini lapho izithombo zingavaliwe khona ebusuku.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-squash kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Izithombo zikulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ngezinsuku ezingama-25-30, ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kumele babe nobuncane bamaqabunga ayiqiniso ayi-2-3. Izithombo zitshalwe kwizimbobo ezingaba ngu-15 cm ukujula, ibanga phakathi kwazo lingama-70-80 cm. Isikhathi esifanele senqubo sisekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa ngemuva kokushona kwelanga.

Imithombo ichitheka kahle ngamanzi. Ngezansi faka i-humus embalwa, isipuni sothuli lwenkuni kanye nesikhukhukazi se-anyanisi.Izithombo zitshalwa ndawonye ngebhodwe le-peat noma ngesixha somhlaba, zigqitshwe amaqabunga okuqala e-cotyledon. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kahle, izithombo ziniselwa futhi, zichitha cishe ilitha linye lamanzi ngesitshalo. Kuze kube kudluliswa u-squash, kungakuhle ukuthi uzivikele elangeni eliqondile ngokwakha i-canopy yesikhashana yanoma iyiphi into emboze okumhlophe.

I-squash etshalwe emhlabathini, ijula ​​emaqabunga e-cotyledon wokuqala

Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Imbewu yesikwele ingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Kepha le ndlela yenziwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu enesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kuyo yonke iRussia, isivuno singase singabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa uma isimo sezulu ehlobo sibanda, sinamafu futhi lina.

Engadini, bakhetha indawo evulekile ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele asondele ebusweni kune-1.5-2 m. I-substrate iyinto evundile efiselekayo, kepha ekhanyayo, nekhululekile. Inketho enhle kakhulu i-loam. U-squash ngeke ukhule ku-acidified noma i-saline substrate, kanye nasenhlabathini efana kakhulu nesixhaphozi.

Umbhede we-squash kufanele ukhanyiswe kahle yilanga

"Abanduleli" engadini bajabule nganoma isiphi isiko, ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezivela emndenini wakwaPumpkin. Kungcono ukuyibeka kude nokutshala amathanga ne-zucchini. Lezi zitshalo zithathwa kalula impova. Akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukubikezela ukuthi yini ngempela ezovuthwa esihlahleni.

Isiza siyalungiswa kusukela ekwindla. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasengadini lapho kuhlelwe khona ukutshala izithombo zikashiki. Inhlabathi imbiwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo kusetshenziswa humus (5 l / m²), phosphate (15-20 g / m /) kanye nomanyolo we-potash (8-10 g / m²). Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, ufulawa we-dolomite, isigaxa sempuphu noma isikhunta esigobekile siyangezwa.

Humus - ikhambi lemvelo lokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi

Entwasahlobo amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ikhululwe kahle, umbhede wengadi uthululwa nesixazululo sanoma yimuphi umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo zemifino. Inhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele ifudumale kuze kufike okungenani ku-15ºº. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, izimbewu zesikwashi zingatshalwa kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMeyi. Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye naphakathi nendawo kweRussia, le nkathi isuswa engxenyeni yayo yesibili, kanti e-Urals naseSiberia kuzofanela alinde kuze kube ukuqala kukaJuni. Imbewu etshalwe emhlabathini ongabanjwanga kungenzeka ibole.

Imbewu yezingcezu ezi-1-2 itshalwe emithonjeni ngokunqenqemelana okungama-70-80 cm, ukujula ngo-5-8 cm. Bafafazwa nge-humus ngaphezulu, okuniselwe ngokulinganayo. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela, umbhede uqiniswa ngokugoqwa kwepulasitiki ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Izithombo ezisesigabeni seqabunga leqiniso lesibili zinwetshwe, zishiya esinye, isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu futhi sithuthukile emgodini. Okusele kunqunywe ngesikele.

Lapho utshala imbewu yesikwashi emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele futhi ugcine isikhathi sokuphakathi kwezitshalo

Izeluleko Zokukhathalela Izitshalo

Ukunakekela squash akunzima ukwedlula isikwashi. Kepha ngaphezu kokunisela nokondla, badinga "usizo" lomsebenzi wensimu yokuvunda impova. Izinambuzane nazo zithwala impova, kepha akufanele uthembele kuzo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu sikhona futhi simanzi. Ukuheha izinyosi kanye nezimbali ezakhiweni, ama-buds afafazwa ngoju noma isiraphu yeshukela exutshwe namanzi (20-30 ml ngelitha).

Abalimi bafeze impova yesikwele ngesandla

Izimbali zabesifazane zihlukaniswa kalula kusuka kuzimbali zabesilisa ngokuba khona kwe-ovary yezithelo ezansi kwesiqu. Ukuze impova imbali yesilisa, udinga ukusika amacembe bese ubamba pestle kaninginingi kuma-stamens. Ngisho impova idluliswa kusetshenziswa ibhulashi elithambile noma ukotini. Ukungcola kwenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile.

I-fem squash flower ingahlukaniswa ubukhona be-ovary yezithelo

Umbhede wensimu kumele ukalwe futhi ukhululwe njalo, kepha ngokucophelela. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo alunamsebenzi. Kuyelulekwa ukuhlanganisa izithombo zenhlabathi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini, kuvikele ukhula ukuthi lungadabuki futhi kuvikele nezimpande ezomile.

Uma ukugeleza kwezimbali kukhula isikhathi eside, abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusika amaqabunga amadala kakhulu esihlahleni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, inqubo izodinga ukuphindwa. Mchithe ekuseni kakhulu.

Njengawo wonke amathanga, u-squash uthanda umswakama. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, aniselwa ngamanzi emafrijini okushisa egumbini ngalinye njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5-6, echitha amalitha ayishumi amanzi nge-1 m². Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari, isikhathi esiphakathi kokuphuza sincishiswa saba yizinsuku ezingama-3-4, okujwayelekile kukhuphukela kumalitha ayi-10-12. Amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwempande noma emiseleni phakathi kwezihlahla. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthi amaconsi awele emacembe, izimbali nezithelo.

Squash, njengawo wonke Ithanga, adinga ukuthambisa kaningi futhi maningi

Ngaphansi kwezithelo ezakhiwe ezilele phansi, empeleni zibeka ucezu lwe-plywood, ingilazi, umuzwa wokuphahla nokunye ukuze uzivikele ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi omanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kokubola cishe akunakugwenywa. Ngenhloso efanayo, amaqabunga amadala agxilile nezinsalela zezimbali ezifuywayo zisuswa kuyi-ovary yezithelo.

Isikhathi sokumila ku-squash sifushane impela, ngakho ukugqokwa okubili okuphezulu kwanele isitshalo. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-40-50 g womanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphorus asatshalaliswa ngendlela eyomile efomu elomile nenxenye ye-nitrogen engakanani. Ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi - Azofoska, Ammofoska njalonjalo.

Izithelo ezivuthiwe zidinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium. I-nitrogen ivuselela izihlahla ukwakha ngamandla isisindo esiluhlaza; azinawo amandla asele ku-squash uqobo. Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari wezithelo, u-squash ufakwa ngokufakwa komquba omusha, amaconsi ezinyoni, amaqabunga we-nettle noma i-dandelion. Ilungiselelwe ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, umkhiqizo uyahlungwa futhi uxutywe ngamanzi u-1: 10 noma u-15: 15. Noma yimuphi umanyolo osuselwa ku-vermicompost, ukumfakwa kwe-ash ash lokhuni nakho kufanelekile. Isitshalo ngasinye sidla cishe amalitha ayi-0.5.

Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - umthombo wemvelo we-phosphorus ne-potassium

Ividiyo: Izeluleko Zokukhathalela I-squash

Isikwashi ku-greenhouse

Amabhlogo we-squash ahlanganisiwe impela, ngakho imbewu nezithombo zingatshalwa ku greenhouse. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi kulokhu, isivuno sivuthwa emavikini ayi-1.5-2 ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile.

Ekwindla, inhlabathi kufanele ibiwe, humus ifakwe ukuze ikhulise ukuzala. Ngokubulala amagciwane, kuthululelwa isixazululo esimnyama esimnyama se-potassium permanganate noma i-5% sulfate yethusi, okuluhlaza okokugcwala kuyashiswa, kuvutha ucezu lwesibabule.

Isikwele ku-greenhouse sithuthelwa impova ngesandla. Ihlala isetshenziswa njalo. Umoya omanzi ofanele ulungele kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi zokukhunta, izinambuzane eziningi ziyawathanda. Ekushiseni okukhulu, ingilazi ifafazwa ngaphakathi nge-lime eyenziwe nge-hydrate ehlanganiswe namanzi, futhi izikhala ziyaniselwa ngamanzi abandayo. Lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa.

I-squash ingatshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ukuqina kwesitshalo kuyakuvumela

Imbewu nezithombo zezikwele ku-greenhouse zitshalwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela uhlelo lokufika. Izifo nezilokazane ezingaphakathi endlini zisakazeka ngokushesha kunasemhlabeni ovulekile, futhi ngokufika okugqinsiwe, kukhanya ngokushesha.

Njengomthetho, ama-bush of squash we-greenhouse akhula ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke udinga ukususa amaqabunga okweqisa ama-ovaries wezithelo ngendlela efike ngesikhathi. Beka izigaba ezifafazwe ngushoko ochotshoziwe noma ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe.

Squash ekhaya

IPatisson isitshalo esinamahlahla futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, sibumbene impela. Ingatshalwa ngokuphelele esitsheni noma embizeni enkulu futhi ikhule ekhaya.

Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande alunamibono engaphezulu, ngakho-ke umthamo akufanele ube ujule kakhulu. Ububanzi - cishe 60-70 cm. Izimbobo zamadayimane ziyimpoqo. Ungqimba lobumba olunwetshiwe, amatshe abilayo, ama-chip wezitini ngobukhulu be-3-5 cm athululelwa ezansi.

Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, noma isiphi isendlalelo sendawo yonke yezithombo kufanelekile uma sihlanganiswa ne-humus noma inhlabathi evundile yesodogo ngokulingana okulinganayo. Ukuvimbela izifo zokukhunta, kwilitha ngalinye lengxube eseqediwe, engeza isipuni se-chaki echobozekile noma yekhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza yaba yimpuphu.

Isitsha sibekwa eduze kwewindi elibheke eningizimu-mpumalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ukugwema ukushiswa kwamaqabunga, u-squash kufanele uvikeleke elangeni eliqondile. Ehlobo, ibhodwe likhishwa ku-loggia, kuvulandi, ku-veranda.

I-squash "yasekhaya" enamanzi njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi loma, njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3-4. Yondla njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 nganoma yimuphi umanyolo osuselwa ku-vermicompost. Leli siko likhetha izinto zemvelo.

Izifo, izilokazane nokulawula kwazo

Njengawo wonke amathanga, u-squash uvame ukuhlushwa yizifo. Basengozini yokutheleleka ngesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ifakwe ekhasini lokuxazulula isikhunta.

Izifo ezilandelayo ziyingozi kakhulu kusiko:

• Anthracnose. Amabala amakhulu aphuzi aphuzi aphuzi aphuzi ngamaqabunga, amafomu aphuzi ngokubomvu emithanjeni. Izithelo zimbozwe "izilonda" ezimnyama ezicindezelwe. Izicubu ezithintekile zibola.
• I-Ascochitosis. Iziqu namaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezincane ezinsundu, umngcele wawo ube mnyama kancane kancane, kanti nendawo iyaqaqamba. Izicubu ezithintekayo ziyoma futhi ziyafa.
• Ukubola okumhlophe. Emagqumeni naseziqu, ifomu “elikhala” lamabala amnyama, eliqiniswa ungqimba lwenhlanganisela “emfushane” emhlophe. Kancane kancane, iba denser, i-lime eliphuzi noma i-pink ketshezi liqale ukudonsa.
• Isikhunta esimnyama. Izindawo ezinombala onsundu ziyavela emaqabungeni aphakathi kwemithambo, kancane kancane idonsele ungqimba lwethanga elinsundu. Ngemuva kwalokho isifo sisakazekela ezithelo. Izicubu ezithintekayo ziyafa, ifomu lezimbobo.
• I-Powdery Mildew Ingubo emhlophe enamakha ibonakala ngaphambili, ifana nefulawa esakazekile. Izicubu ezithintekile ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zomile.

Igalari yezithombe: Izimpawu zesifo esijwayelekile sos squash

Amagciwane amaningi awazibekezeleli izingxube zethusi. Ngakho-ke, ama-fungicides asetshenziselwa ukulwa nawo. Yomibili le mikhiqizo emidala ihlolwe izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwesisodwa sabalimi (iBordeaux ketshezi kanye ne-vitriol) nezidakamizwa zesimanje (iTopaz, Horus, Skor, KhOM, Kuprozan nokunye) izokwenza.

Ukuze uvimbele, inhlabathi emibhedeni isuswe yizingqimba zikagwayi noma isibabule se-colloidal. Izitshalo ngokwazo zifafazwa ngoshishi ochotshoziwe noma ngomlotha wokhuni. Amanzi wokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile athathelwa indawo ngesixazululo se-pink potassium permanganate solution.

Uma izimpawu zibonakala ngesikhathi, ungazama ukubhekana nalesi sifo usebenzisa amakhambi abantu. I-squash ifafazwa ngesisombululo se-ash ash, insipho yokuwasha, ihlanjululwe ngamanzi i-kefir noma ubisi lwe-Whey nge-iodine (eyehla ilitha). Inzuzo yamakhambi abantu ingukuthi isetshenziswe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwama-fungicides, uma kungewona amalungiselelo wemvelaphi yemvelo, akuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nezinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.

Izikwele azidluleli squash. Ingozi enkulu kulesi sitshalo yile:

• Ama-aphid amnandi. Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza ophuzi zihlala kulesi simila kuwo wonke amakoloni, zinamathela ngokuqinile kumaqabunga amancanyana, efihlekile naseziseleni zezithelo. Ukuvimbela, u-squash ufafazwa nganoma iyiphi i-infusions ye-pungent. Njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ungasebenzisa iziqongo zamazambane noma utamatisi, umhlonyane, ikhasi le-lele, amaqabunga kagwayi omisiwe, imicibisholo ye-anyanisi noma kagalikhi. Marigolds, marigold, lavender atshalwa eceleni kwembhede nasendleleni. I-infusions efanayo izosiza ukubhekana nenkathazo, uma i-aphid isekuncane. Kepha u-squash uzodinga ukufafazwa hhayi zonke izinsuku ezingama-7- 7, kodwa amahlandla ama-3-4 ngosuku. Uma kungekho mphumela, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides wesenzo esivamile - i-Iskra-Bio, Confidor-Maxi, Inta-Vir.
• Isikhala sesicabucabu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona inkathazo uqobo ngamehlo anqunu, kepha ama-cobwebs acwebezelayo, amaqabunga aqinile, ama-buds namaqanda esithelo abonakala kahle. Ukuvimbela, ehlathini kufafazwa nge ukumnika ka-anyanisi kanye negruel yegalikhi. Ukuze ubhekane nenkathazo, ama-acaricides asetshenziswa - uNeoron, Vertimek, uSunmayt, u-Apollo.
• Slug. Izinambuzane zidla izicubu zezithelo nezithelo, zidla izimbobo kuzo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesiliva okunamathelayo kuhlala kusebusweni. Uma kukhona ama-slugs ambalwa, ungawaqoqa ngesandla noma uwafundise usebenzisa izicupho (iziqukathi ezembiwe emhlabathini ogcwele ubhiya, ujamu oxutshwe namanzi, isiraphu kashukela, izingcezu zeklabishi noma igrapefruit). Isisekelo sesiqu sizungezwe "yisithiyo" senaliti ehlanganisiwe, isihlabathi, ama-egghells aqhobozekile. Endabeni yokuhlasela okukhulu kwama-slugs, iMeta, ukuduma, iSududge kuyasetshenziswa.
• I-Whitefly Imvamisa squash esikhule ku greenhouse uhlushwa yiwo. Izimvemvane ezincane ezimhlophe ezinjengebhu elinamakhanda zinamathela ngaphansi kweqabunga, zibhekabheka lapho okukhanya kalula. Ukuvimbela, izihlahla ziyafafazwa nganoma yikuphi ukufafaza kwamakhambi okubabayo. Abantu abadala babhujiswa yizicupho ngesimo esifakwe nge-petroleum jelly, i-glue yomiswa omude, izingcezu zezinyosi zamakhadibhodi noma zeplywood. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kube nokuhlasela kwabantu abaningi, kusetshenziswa iMospilan, Aktara, Admiral, Fufanon.

Igalari Yezithombe: Zibukeka Kanjani Izilokazane Ezi-squash

Ukuvuna nokugcina

I-squash iqoqwa njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokufinyelela ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe. Izithelo ezihlala isikhathi eside esihlahleni ziyavuthwa kabusha futhi zivimbele amaqanda amasha ukuba akhe. I-peel kufanele ibe mncane ngokwanele, kepha iqinile, imbewu kufanele ibe mincane futhi ingabi lukhuni. Kepha izithelo ezincane kakhulu ezinobubanzi be-3-4 cm nazo zikhethwe .. Zikulungele ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezithelo, zingafakwa emanzini anosawoti futhi zigcwele usawoti.

Ukuvunwa kwe-squash kuvunwa njalo, lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezithelo ezintsha

Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinqunywa ngokucophelela nesiqu ngezikhafu ezibukhali noma ngommese. Ezingeni lokushisa lamakamelo alala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, esiqandisini - izinsuku eziyi-12-15. Ngokwesitoreji sesikhathi eside, izithelo kuphela ezingenasisekelo ezinobubanzi obungama-6-7 cm futhi azikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Zibekwe endaweni emnyama enomoya omuhle, zinikeza izinga lokushisa lika-2-4 ° C kanye nomswakama ongaba ngu-80%. Ama-squash abekwe emabhokisini noma emabhokisini, athulula isihlabathi, ukushefa, sawdust. Ezimweni ezinjalo, azilahlekelwa amandla okusebenza kwawo kanye nokubonakala kwawo ezinyangeni ezi-3-4.

Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, kuphela u-squash ofanele ngaphandle kokulimazeka komshini nokutholakala kwezifo nomonakalo wezinambuzane.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokugcina:

• Ukubanda U-squash omncane ugcwele iqhwa, usikiwe izingcezu noma ugaqeke ku-grater eyi-coarse. Ziyageza, zomiswe, zibekwe phezu kwamathreyi ambozwe ngephepha bese zithunyelwa efrijini okwemizuzu emi-2-3, zisebenza kumodi yokuqandusela “eyethusayo”. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa ezikhwameni ezikhethekile nge-tightener. Impilo yeshelf iyinyanga eziyi-8-10.
• Ukomisa I-squash "ibuna" elangeni izinsuku ezingama-3-5, geza, uthathe amapulasitiki amancanyana. Zibekwa emathayipheni okubhaka noma emathayipheni ukuze angathintani futhi omiswe ngokwemvelo, kuhhavini noma esoshile okhethekile sikagesi. Izilayi ezilungele ukugcinwa zigcinwa endaweni epholile eyomile ezikhwameni zamaphepha noma ezikhwameni zelineni izinyanga eziyisithupha.
• I-Canning. U-squash uganwe futhi unosawoti, ngokwahlukana noma njengengxenye yemifino exubekile. Impela wonke umfazi wasendlini uzothola izindlela ezizithandayo zokupheka okwenziwe ekhaya.

I-squash ekhula esakhiweni ayinzima kangako kunamathanga noma i-zucchini. Isiko alisixakile, akukho okungaphezu kwemvelo okudingekayo kumlimi. Izithelo azizinambitheki kuphela, kodwa futhi zinempilo kakhulu. Ukubonakala kwe-squash kuhluke kakhulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi kanye nzalo ezifuywa abafuyi. Impela phakathi kwabo, wonke umqadi wengadi uzothola eyodwa azoyithanda.