Ukwandisa ukholifulawa ensimini yakho kuyinkimbinkimbi encane kunaleyo evamile iklabishi emhlophe.
Phela, lolu hlobo lweklabishi aluzinzile futhi luyadingeka kakhulu ekunakekeleni. Noma kunjalo, ukunambitheka, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamavithamini nezakhiwo eziwusizo kwenza umbala wekholifulawa kubaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathandi bezolimo ukuze bazi kahle indlela yokutshala isitshalo esisha kuyoba mnandi kakhulu.
Kodwa namhlanje ngeke sikhulume kakhulu nge-agrotechnology nokuzikhethela kokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo, njengokungathi ngezinhlobo zayo ezinhle kakhulu.
Sizozama ukukujwayela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezikhathi ezahlukene zokulima, ukuze ngokuqinisekile ukhethe okulungile kuwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zekholifula: yini okufanele ukhethe ukuvunwa okuhle?
Sicabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu uzoqonda ukuthi izinhlobo zalesi sigaba zivuthwe kuqala.
Ukuze kuvuthwe ngokugcwele kwekhanda lekholifulawa, inkathi yezinsuku ezingu-85-100, ezedlule kusukela ngesikhathi izithombo zokuqala zivela, ziyoba ngokwanele. Kulesi sigaba kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ezaziwa kakhulu kanye namahlamvu asanda kudalwa.
Lezi zinsuku, nakuba zivame ukuphakama kakhulu, zibhekwa njengento encane. Sizojwayelana nalabo kanye nabanye.
Uhlobo lwe-olifulawa oluhlukahlukene "I-Snowball" - isipho sokuqala sensimu yakho
Lolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene lwe-cauliflower lungenye yezinhlobo zazo ezinhle kakhulu. Ukuvuna kwawo okuqala kungakhipha amakhanda amhlophe amahle futhi aqinile, abhekene nomumo ovamile we-round-flat.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, naphezu kokuba khona kokuphuma kwe-medium, yabo mass kungashintshashintsha kusuka ku-650 kuya ku-850 amagremu (ngezobuchwepheshe obuhle bezolimo kanye nawo wonke ama-kilogram ayi-1.2), okuyinto eningi kakhulu iklabishi yokuqala.
Lolu hlobo lwe-cauliflower luhloswe kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha ngokushesha emva kokusika embhedeni, kodwa futhi nokulungiselela izitsha ezahlukene. It has ukunambitheka kakhulu kakhulu.
Ngempumelelo yokuthola izinkomba eziphezulu zesisindo senhloko eyodwa yale iklabishi kuphela u-1.2 kilogram, ingatshalwa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nakwe-m2 eyodwa kungenzeka ukuvuna 2-4 kilogram.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, azikho izinkinga nge-fruiting, okufaka isandla ukumelana okuhle kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko, kuyinto engokoqobo ukukhula "i-Snow Globe" hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwefilimu, kodwa nasensimini.
Izimila zalesi sitshalo ziphela izinsuku ezingu-55-65 kuphela (kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokuvamile - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-110).
Ngamaphi amanga kufanelekile Izinhlobo ze-olifulawa:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana kakhulu nezifo zekholifulawa.
- Ivumelanisa kalula futhi ibekezelela izimo zezulu ezimbi.
- Inikeza isivuno esihle ngezikhathi ezincane kakhulu.
Eqinisweni, kunzima ukukhomba noma yikuphi ukuhluleka kwalolu hlobo, okwacaca ngemuva kokufakwa ohlwini konke okuzuzayo.
Into ephikisanayo abaningi isivuno esincane futhi amancane amakhanda. Futhi, ukutshala kunconywa kuphela izithombo.
"Veza" - okungcono kakhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-cauliflower zakuqala
Izinhlobonhlobo "Express" zibhekwa nge-rosette ejwayelekile yamaqabunga namakhanda amancane kakhulu. Ngakho, isisindo somuntu okhule kahle singaba amagremu angu 350-500 kuphela.
Futhi, ngezinhlobo zakuqala izinkomba ezinjalo zibhekwa njengezamukelekile. Umbala wekhanda uqobo umhlophe, kodwa nge-yellowness kancane. Ama-inflorescences ahlukaniswa kahle, isimo sekhanda sihlanganisiwe.
Njengokwehlukahlukana kokuqala, itshalwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi kakade ezinsukwini ezingama-55-60 kuyokwazi ukusika izinhloko ezikhulile ngokuqhamuka kobuchopho kusukela embhedeni.
Kunconywa ukuba ukhule ngaphansi kwefilimu, yize uma entwasahlobo inhle kakhulu - ungathatha ingozi yokuyivula ngendlela evulekile. Kusuka endaweni eyi-1 m2, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuqoqa cishe ama-1.5 kilograms iklabishi, futhi kusuka ku-1 hektare kuya kwamathani angu-18.
Izinzuzo Iklabishi echazwe:
- Ukunambitheka okuphezulu phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa zakuqala.
- Good bacteriosis ukumelana.
Izinkinga zalezi zinhlobonhlobo kunzima ukubiza. Into kuphela isitshalo esiphakeme esinokwethenjelwa yizinambuzane ama-cauliflower, okuvela lapho imibhede kumele ihlanganiswe khona, emva kokucubungula.
I-cauliflower ye-hybride yasekuqaleni evuthiwe "Movir-74": yini engayiqhayisa, futhi uma kungenakwenzeka?
I-rosette yamacembe ale kholifulawa isayizi obukhulu, enobubanzi obungamamitha angu-45 kuya kwangu-95. Izinhloko zivame ukubunjwa ngesakhiwo esicwebezelekile noma esinesigxili.
Kuye ngezinga lembewu, izimo zezulu nezokunakekelwa, izinhloko zingakhula zibe ziphakathi (ububanzi 12-15 amasentimitha) noma ubukhulu (ubukhulu obungamamitha angu-23-25 ububanzi). Ngakho-ke, isisindo sabo singahluka kusuka ku-400 amagremu kuya ku-1.4 kilogram.
Uhlukanisa lo mbhoshongo we-bumpy nombala omhlophe (ngezinye izikhathi ubomhlophe-ophuzi).
Ngamakhanda amakhulu, isivuno se-cauliflower "Movir-74" singaba cishe 4 kilogram. Ikhula ngokushesha kakhulu, ngoba isikhathi semifino egcwele yesitshalo asikho izinsuku eziyizingu-105.
Ngamaphi amanga kufanelekile ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid:
- Iklabishi inomusa omuhle futhi ingasetshenziswa kokubili nokushayela.
- Ukubekezelela ukushisa nokushisa kubanda kakhulu.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi ufike ku-2 ukuvuna ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ngokuhlwanyela ngesikhathi esisodwa sembewu yezithombo, izitshalo ezindala zivuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
- Le kholifulawa isabela kahle ekutheni.
Ukuvuselelwa le kholifulawa ngempela hhayi phezulu. Ngokuvamile kuthinteka kokubili i-bacteriosis nezinambuzane. Kudinga ukulawulwa nokuvikelwa.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda mayelana nokutshala ukholifulawa
Izinhlobo zezinkanyezi eziphakanyisiwe ze-caulifulawa
Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kweklabishi enjalo kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-120-130. Naphezu kwezinkathi ezivuthiwe zokuvuthwa, izithelo zeklabishi ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kunabokuqala.
Ukholifulawa wasePoland "Flora Blanca" - umhlobiso wangempela wemibhede
Uhlukanisa leli klabishi kancane liphakamisa i-rosette lamaqabunga, kanye nenhloko ekhululekile. Ikhanda lilinganiselwa ku-1.2 kilogram futhi lidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe ophuzi.
Ngokushesha ukuhlukanisa ensimini kungenziwa kuleso sici, njengekhanda elihlanganiswe kahle lamaqabunga. Futhi, unayo ukunambitheka okukhulu.
Naphezu kokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingaphakathi nenkathi ephakathi, ukuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezithelo zaleli klabishi kungase kuqale ezinsukwini ezingu-110 emva kokuvela kwezithombo. Kodwa nokho, asikho isidingo sokusheshisa ekuqaleni kokuvuna, kungcono ukuvumela ukuba uhlale isikhathi eside ensimini kunokuthi iklabishi engavuthiwe.
Ukuthela Ukholifulawa "Flora Blanca" ngokwanele phezulu, yenza amathani angama-25 ukusuka endaweni yehektare elilodwa. Izintuthwane zivuthwe cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuvumela ukuba uvune ngokushesha.
Izinzuzo izinhlobo: kungani kufanelekile ukukhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene phakathi nonyaka?
- Izithelo zingaba nokusetshenziswa, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni okusha, ukugaya kanye nokuqandisa.
- Isitshalo esiphumela singagcinwa isikhathi eside futhi kahle.
- Le kholifulawa ayesabi ukwama-autumn frosts futhi imelana ne-bacteriosis.
Umthamo wokwanda kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-cauliflower awusungulwa
I-solifulawa yasemkhatsini "Ubuhle obumhlophe": izici nezinzuzo
Inhloko yale iklabishi ngokwayo inombala omhlophe nesakhiwo esiqinile kakhulu. Ukuma kuhlanganiswe. Isisindo sekhanda elilodwa ngokwesilinganiso singaba nezinkomba ze-1.2 kilogram.
Amaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, cishe ihlanganise ikhanda. Kufanele ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali.
Lezi zihlukahlukene ngokufanelekile ziyisihloko sokuphakama okuphezulu, esasizwa izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu nezindayo. Ikakhulukazi, ngisho no-1m2 engadini yakho uyakwazi ukujabulisa ngezitshalo ezifika ku-6 kilogram.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo iklabishi zikhula isikhathi eside - kuphela izinsuku ezingu-125 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izithombo zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, nakuba imbewu ekhule ngaphansi kwefilimu nayo inikeza imiphumela emihle.
Okuhle izici zezinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa ezichazwe: kungani uthando futhi kungani lukhula?
- Ikhono lokuthola isivuno esiphakeme ngokwesilinganiso.
- Ukunambitheka okuvelele kanye nekhono lesikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwesitshalo esilandelayo.
- Ukubukeka kahle kwe-white inflorescence.
- Ama-inflorescences afanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, ngokuqhwaza ngisho nokukhweza.
Izinkinga zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyafana nakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi: ikhono eliphansi lokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Eyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zekholifulawa
Lezi zinhlobo ze-cauliflower zivuthwe isikhathi eside ngokwanele - izinsuku ezingu-130. Kulokhu, ukulima kwabo kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Uma kungenjalo, kuyoba nenengozi enkulu yokuqhwaba kwezinsizakalo noma izinhloko ezivuthiwe kakade.
Okuhle kakhulu, leli qembu lezinhlobonhlobo limelelwa amafomu e-F1 hybrid.
"I-Cortes F1" - ukholifulawa ophelile kakhulu ophelile
Okokuqala, le iklabishi ibonakala ngekhanda elimhlophe kakhulu elinomsoco. Isisindo ikhanda elilodwa lingashintsha kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 kilogram, okuyinto engumlando wokuqopha phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla.
Ngokuvamile, ukutshalwa kwale fomu hybrid of ukholifulawa kwenziwa ngokuthengisa ngokuqondile efomini elisha, nakuba ibuye ifaneleke nakanjani kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokucubungula nokuqandisa.
Njengoba le hybrid ihlelwa eqenjini lezinhlobo eziseduze, ukuvuthwa kokuvuna kwayo kwenzeka esikhathini sekwephuzile.
Kusukela lapho izithombo zitshalwe kuze kutholakale ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezobuchwepheshe, izitshalo zidinga okungenani izinsuku ezingama-75. Ngakho-ke, amakhanda okuvuthwa kweklabishi angakwazi ukuhlangana nokuvuthwa kwekwindla, engabonakali ngokukhethekile ngenxa yamaqabunga afaka ikhanda.
Yimuphi uhlobo kufanelekile ukubaluleka okubhekiselweyo?
- Le hybrid inekhono "lokuvikela ikhanda" ngamaqabunga ngesikhathi esishisayo sasehlobo, esiyivikela emonakalweni yelanga.
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu.
Ngeshwa, kodwa le kholifulawa ayikwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo eziphezulu uma ikhulile eziqhingini. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola amakhanda enesisindo esingu-3 kilogram, kuyadingeka ukuba unike isikhathi esiningi ukuze ukondle izitshalo bese ufaka umquba emibhede.
Ifomu le-hybrid le-cauliflower eliphelile "i-Amerigo F1" - yini okufanele ilandelwe?
Inhloko yale kholifulawa inombala omhlophe weqhwa, onomqondo omuhle kakhulu wezohwebo. Futhi, ine-rosette enamandla yamaqabunga angakwazi ukumboza ikhanda kushisa.
Amakhanda anesilinganiso esiphakathi kwama-2 kuya ku-2.5 kilogram. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo zaleli klabishi cishe kufana nefomu le-hybrid yangaphambilini.
Le kholifulawa iyinhlanganisela yesizukulwane esisha. Kubonakala ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu kwezitshalo kanye namandla okukhula aphezulu. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu kakhulu.
Iklabishi ivuleka ngasekupheleni, izinsuku ezingu-75-80 kuphela emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Nokho, ngenxa yokukhula ekwindla, "Amerigo F1" inconywa ngoba ayesabi ukhilimu.
Okunye okubalulekile kufanelekile i-cauliflower hybrid
- I-hybrid inokumelana nokushisa okushisayo, ihlanganisa amaqabunga ekhanda ngokuzimela.
- Ububanzi obubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezithelo.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, okuchazwe kuhle kakhulu mayelana nokuba khona kwamaminerali amaminerali. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi ikhule kangakanani, izitshalo zizodingeka zondliwe.
Kanjani ukutshala okufanelekayo kwekholifulawa emibhedeni: imiyalelo emifushane?
- Imbewu yokutshala ukholifulawa kumele iphathwe ngamanzi abilayo kanye nezixazululo zezakhi bese ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini enhlabathini evundile.
- Ngosuku oluyi-12-14 lokukhula kwezithombo kufanele likhonjiswe.
- Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-15ºС kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-30, iklabishi ingadubula umcibisholo.
- Uhlelo oluhle lokutshala lezi zitshalo ngamamitha angu-25 phakathi kwezithombo zomugqa wamanzi no-50 phakathi kwemigqa.
- Emva kokutshala, isitshalo sidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokuchelela njalo.
Imithetho esemqoka kanye nezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunakekela ukholifulawa noma ukufeza kanjani isivuno esihle?
- Ukunisela. I-cauliflower yomswakama idinga okuningi, kepha awukwazi ukuyiqeda. Emasontweni okuqala emva kokutshala, izithombo ziphuziswa izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto (okungenani amalitha amanzi ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 kuya ku-1m2), kanti kuphela eyodwa (amanani amanzi akhula angama 8-10 amalitha).
- Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane. Lesi sitshalo singathinteka yizinambuzane ezihluke kakhulu, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukulwa nayo. Kodwa-ke, kuyasebenza kakhulu ukusebenzisa amakhambi omuntu we-prophylaxis: i-cauliflower enothuli ngokushiswa komuthi noma ugwayi; sishaye ama-infusions we-anyanisi ikhasi, ama-burdock noma ama-tomato ama-stalks.
Ukuze iklabishi ingathinteki yizifo ezihlukahlukene, kubaluleke kakhulu ukushintsha ezinye izitshalo emibhedeni.
- Imibhede yomanyolo kanye nokutshala ukudla okunomsoco. Ukuzala kwenhlabathi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhula kwekholafulawa. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyahluma futhi inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo iyongezwa kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhuthaza ukukhula, izitshalo zengezwa ezixazululweni ezivela kumanyolo we-mullein noma umquba wezinkukhu. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zidinga umquba wamaminerali.
- Ukushaya izithombo zekholifulawa. Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ukuqina kufanele kuqalwe kusukela ngosuku lwe-12 lokukhula kwezithombo ukuze kusize kangcono ukuvumelanisa emoyeni ovulekile nokukhanya kwelanga. Thatha amabhokisi wezithombo emgwaqweni kuphela emini. Uma uyikhuphula ngaphansi kwefilimu, lesi samuva sivuka usuku.
