Ixia: isithombe, kokwehla nokunakekelwa

Ixia ngumdabu wase-herbaceous perennial waseNingizimu Afrika, ohlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-60. Igama laso, elihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi lisuka esiGrekini ngokuthi “i-bird glue,” kungenxa yokunamathela kwejusi, elikwazi ukunamathela izinambuzane nezinyoni ezincane. Ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zangaphandle, imbali ikhule njengembali yokuhlobisa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-18. Njengamanje, iningi labamele i-ixia lingama-hybrid, kanti izinhlobo zazo azivamile.

Incazelo yezimbali ze-Ixia

I-perennial yomndeni we-Iris ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.6. Ama-inflorescences afana nama-spikelets asesimweni sawo akhiwa izimbali ezincane ezikhipha iphunga lesici. Esiqwini esinciphile samaqabunga aluhlaza ayakhula.

Isampula elilodwa linokufana kwangaphandle nokwakheka kwensimbi, noma kunjalo, lakhiwa ngamaphilisi ayi-6. I-corm imelelwa ngephalethi elibanzi le-shades. I-inflorescence eyodwa ingahlanganisa imibala ephuzi, emhlophe nebomvu.

U-Ixia uqala ukuqhakaza phakathi nehlobo, aqede kuphela emva kwenyanga. Ungasibona lesi sitshalo sivulwa kuphela lapho kunezulu elangeni, ngombana esimeni sezulu esinamafu, kanye nasebusuku, siyavalwa.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-ixia

Ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene esizeni kuzonikeza umehluko nokukhanya kunoma iyiphi ingadi, kepha ungazikhawulela ekusebenziseni uhlobo olulodwa.

Kumnandi

Yaziswa kakhulu ngezimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa, ikakhulukazi izinhlotshana zayo eziyingqayizivele ze-arched. Isiqu sikhula sibe ngu-0,7 m ukuphakama, futhi ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinephunga - indawo eyintandokazi yamavemvane ehlobo.

Uhlaza okuhlaza okotshani

Ukubukeka okungapheli kuyinto ephawuleka ukwakheka kwezimbali zayo - zincanyana, ziyacaba, ngesimo sifana nenkanyezi. I-pharynx, emelelwa yimithunzi emnyama, ivelelene nezinye izingxenyana eziluhlaza nezimfoloko.

I-Hybrid

Ubukhulu besiqu buhlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.

Isikimu sombala we-inflorescence simboza ama-shades amaningi - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi nobomvu.

I-Spotot (Maculata)

Uhlobo oluthole ukwabiwa okukhulu kakhulu lukhula lube ngu-0.5 m ukuphakama. Ipharynx yakhe ihluka kakhulu nombala wamaphalishi. Imbali iyakwazi ukuvala kusihlwa. ISpike inflorescence ingafinyelela engxenyeni yesiphambano engu-0.4 cm.

Panicle

Ama-pharynx nama-petals amelelwa ngamathoni amnene anemibala ehlukahlukene.

Orenji

Izinhlobo ze-dwarf (akukho ngaphezu kwama-20 cm). Isiko elingathembeki lingakhula ngokuphephile, noma ngabe ulinciphisa ukunakekelwa, ngaphansi kwemvula ejwayelekile. Uhlobo olusakazeka ngokushesha luyakwazi ukulahla okusanhlamvu. Ngenhloso yokuhlobisa isetshenziswa ukuhlobisa igquma le-alpine. I-pharynx yombala omnyama iyaqhathanisa nezinsimbi ezi-orange ezigcwele.

I-Monadelph

Kuyaphawuleka ngesimo esidlule samaqabunga e-cirrus, afinyelela kubude obuyi-20 cm. Ama-inflorescence akhiwa kusuka ezimbali eziyi-10 ezimpunga. Umgogodla ophuzi uhlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezinkulu zemithunzi ekhanyayo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kubonakaliswa ubukhazikhazi obukhethekile, phakathi nakho okubuye kungadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kukhona ama-inflorescence apinki, abomvu neminye imibala eminingi.

Hlanganisa

Kubandakanya ukwahlukahluka okukhulu kombala phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ukuqhakaza okugxilile kuyashesha futhi kuvame ukuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. I-ixia enemibala eminingi ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-0.5 m ukuphakama.

Ukutshala i-Ixia emhlabathini ovulekile

Isimo esiyisisekelo sokutshala ngempumelelo i-ixia indawo efanelekile nokuzala kwenhlabathi esizeni, ngoba lesi sitshalo sinokutshala ngokungagxili futhi ukunakekelwa ngeke kulethe inkathazo enkulu kumniniyo.

Indawo

Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo indawo evulekile, enokhanyayo kahle, evikelwe emithonjeni eqinile yomoya nezinhlaka, ezingaphula noma zivimbe isiqu ezinhlotsheni ezinde. Isithunzi noma inxenye engafani ayifanele i-ixia, ngaphandle kwalokho hhayi kuphela ubukhazikhazi bokuqhakaza kwayo, kepha futhi isilinganiso sokuthuthuka kokuqala singaphazamiseka.

Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, umanyolo

Izidingo ezingezansi:

• Ukuzala
• Ukuba khona kokudonsa (kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izitini ezaphukile, udaka olwandisiwe noma itshe elichotshoziwe).

Ngobusuku bokutshala, kunconywa ukugcotshwa okuphezulu, lapho umquba obolile uphelele. Inhlabathi yobumba kufanele ihlanjululwe ngesihlabathi somfula ngesilinganiso sebhakede elilodwa nge-1 m2. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi umanyolo uqukethe i-superphosphate, i-magnesium kanye nomlotha wezinkuni ku-2: 1: 10.

Isikhathi sokutshala ama-corms

Ezindaweni ezifudumele, kuvunyelwe ukutshala i-ixia entwasahlobo nasekwindla, noma kunjalo, ukubekwa okunjalo kuzodinga izindlela zokufudumeza ezingezekile, ngokwesibonelo, ngokwandisa ukujula komgodi ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Kwezinye izindawo, kungcono ukutshala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.

Inqubo yokufakelwa

Ngobusuku bokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa, okungukuthi, amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokubekwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kubalulekile ukuqala izinqubo "zokuvuka" kanye nokuhluma. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sale nqubo maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngenxa ye-thermophilicity ye-ixia (izinga lokushisa lomoya akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-+8 ° C).

Izilimo eziyizigaxa esevele zivuthile kufanele zivulwe ngaphambi kwegciwane - ukuthambisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese. Isikhathi senqubo akufanele sadlula imizuzu engama-20, kuthi emva kwayo, okufundayo kugezwe. Ukucwilisa yisinyathelo sokuvimbela esivimbela ukukhula kwezifo zokukhunta. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqala inqubo yokuhluma, eyenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isitsha esingaxutshwe nalutho esenziwe ngokhuni futhi usigcwalise ngesihlabathi noma ngesihlahla somdondo. Ubukhulu bengqimba obunconyiwe - 10 cm;
2. Zilingana kahle ngaphakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlobene nomunye;
3. Mboza isitsha nge-polyethylene;
4. Shiya efasiteleni endaweni yokushisa efudumele;
5. Isitsha kufanele singene umoya ngoba i-conduction izokwakheka ngesivalo sokwenza indawo. Musa ukubambezela inqubo isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-10.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15, amahlumela kufanele abe esevele “eqhekeza”. Zonke izinhlamvu ezingavuthiwe kufanele zisuswe, okusele kufanele kutshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo.

Ukugibela kufaka izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula:

1. Ukumba izimbobo kube ngu-7 cm ukujula, ngenkathi ukhumbula ukuthi ibanga elidingekayo phakathi kwemigodi li-10-20 cm;
2. Ukubekwa emigodini yezilimo eziyizigaxa;
3. Fafaza nge-mulch encane.

Kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ukumanzisa i-ixia ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, kuzodingeka kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Isibonakaliso sesimo sokunisela siyovela ukubukeka kwamahlumela amancane.

Ukuzala kwe-Ixia

Ikhiqizwa ngokusika ama-corms ngommese obukhali. Ingxenye ngayinye yomuntu ngamunye kufanele ibe nesiqalo nesisekelo nge-primordia. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyasiza ukucubungula ukusikeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umlotha noma amalahle achobozekile kufanelekile. Ngesizini efanayo, izitshalo zizoba nezimbali.

Ukusakazeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwama-corms endodakazi nakho kuyasetshenziswa, kepha izimbali zawo kufanele zilinde iminyaka engama-2-3. Ehlobo, isitshalo esidala sinamabhulethi amancane, phakathi kwalawo aphile kahle kunazo zonke kufanele akhethwe.

Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukususa ama-tubers endodakazi ukuze agcinwe egumbini elipholile. Ukuze uthole induduzo enkulu kunazo zonke, kufanele ufafaze ama nge-ash ash. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, sekuvele ukuthi ukutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi uma kuqala ukwindla, ingabuye ibekwe kabusha ukuze igcinwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukuqhakaza.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu

Inzuzo yokusatshalaliswa kwembewu yikhono lokugcina izinhlobo ezingandile kanye nenani elikhulu lezitshalo ezisencane ezizalwe. Ukutshala okunjalo kungokwesibili kuphela kwabanye esikhathini eside senqubo. Ukuhlwanyela izithombo kufanele kwenziwe ekupheleni kobusika, ngoba lokhu okudingayo:

1. Ngokuxuba inhlabathi yengadi ne-peat echotshoziwe nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso 2: 1: 1 ukuthola inhlabathi yembewu ye-ixia. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola amakhambi lapho kuhlanganiswa kuhhavini, ngawo
2. Gcwalisa ibhokisi elilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ngesisindo;
3. Hlela imbewu ngaphezulu bese uyimboza ngesendlalelo esincane somxube olungiselelwe, bese ufafaza;
4. Ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, kuyadingeka ukumboza isitsha ngengilazi, kuyilapho izithombo kufanele zithunyelwe njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3;
5. Ezinye izithombo zokuhluma kufanele zisuswe ukuze kwakheke ibanga 2 cm phakathi kwezitshalo ezincane;
6. Lapho usungula ukushisa okushisa okufudumele emgwaqweni, kubalulekile ukwenza lukhuni izithombo, ngezikhathi ezithile uzithathe ngaphandle kwendlu. Kubalulekile ukwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi i-Ixia isemgwaqweni, futhi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo isizovele ikhule ngokuphepha emhlabathini ovulekile.

Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukukhipha isibani, esizovela esitshalweni ngesikhathi sokukhula sokuqala. Ubusika kufanele benziwe egumbini elimnyama, elipholile, futhi entwasahlobo lingatshalwa ukuze ikhule.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Ixia

Izimo ezidingekayo zokutshala ngempumelelo i-ixia:

• Ukuba khona kokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo (kuthinta ngqo ukugcwala kombala kwama-inflorescences);
• Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu;
• Umswakama ungaphezulu kwesilinganiso.

Isimo sokugcina sitholakala ngokufafaza njalo. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukhula ukhulule inhlabathi bese uyondla. Kubalulekile ukuqeda izingxenye ezinenkani futhi eziwohloka ngendlela yesikhathi, ngoba ukuba khona kwazo kungavusa izifo eziningi noma ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane.

Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo somhlobiso siqedile ukuqhakaza, izimbotshana zemvelo kufanele zisuswe kusetshenziswa amasekhethi. Lesi silinganiso sizosekela ukubukeka okuhle kwe-ixia, futhi sizovusa ukuqondiswa kabusha kwamandla ezitshalo kusuka ebusweni kuya ngaphansi komhlaba (ama-tubers).

Ukunisela

Kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukunisela okungapheli kwe-ixia ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahlamvu, isitshalo sidinga umswakama omningi, ongaqinisekiswa ngokwandisa inani lokunisela nobuningi bawo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi afudumele kancane futhi axazululwe ngaphambilini. Ku-ketshezi, ungangeza izithasiselo ezinomthelela kwinqubo yezimbali.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Kokubili umanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic (nitroammofosk, Kemira Lux, Potateum humate) uwusizo ku-ixia. Ungenzi kaningi ukwedlula isikhathi esiyi-1 emavikini ama-2, thela umxube kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalo yomenzi. Qala ukondla kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqeda ngemuva kokuqothuka kwesitshalo.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Lesi sitshalo cishe asitholakali ekuhlaselweni yizinambuzane nezifo ezinambuzane. Izinga lomswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini lingavusa lesi sifo. Uma kungokwemvelo ejwayelekile, khona-ke ama-ixia ambozwe ngesikhunta.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-ixia ihlaselwa ngama-aphid, okulula ukususa ngokumane kufafaze isihlahla ngasinye. Okusebenza kakhulu ezimweni ezinjalo yisisombululo sezinambuzane, esiqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwesikhathi eside ekuhlaselweni okuphindaphindwayo. Ukwelashwa okuningana okuvamisile kwesikhathi 1 ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ukuya kwezi-35 phakathi nenkathi kuzokwanela.