I-Shepherdia ayaziwa kakhulu kubalimi baseRussia. Kumapulani wasendlini, atholakala ngokuqabukela. Okwamanje, lesi sihlahla esingavamile, somhlobiso, futhi esivame ukuletha izilimo. Ngokubukeka, izithelo ziyafana kakhulu namajikijolo asolwandle, kepha i -heaia inempilo futhi inempilo. Enye inzuzo engangabazeki ukungabekezeleli lapho ushiya. Isitshalo sihlangana ngokuphumelelayo cishe kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, asisho ukuthi ikhwalithi yenhlabathi iyimfuneko.
Ubukeka kanjani umalusi?
I-Shepherdia (i-Shepherdia) luhlobo lwezihlahla ezingapheli zomndeni wakwaSucker (Elaeagnaceceae). E-Russia, kusaziwa kancane, i-sea buckthorn yayo "esondele kakhulu" ivame kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ekhaya (e-USA, eCanada), kanye nasemazweni aseYurophu, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Amaqabunga e-silvery namajikijolo abomvu-wegazi le-Shepherdia aqhathanisa kahle nezinaliti eziluhlaza obumnyama, kubukeka kahle nangokumelana nezitshalo ezinamahlamvu abomvu (i-barberry, irga, weigela).
I-Shepherdia isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo okuhle nokuhehayo.
UMelusi watholakala kudala, ngonyaka we-1818. Kwaqanjwa igama lakhe ukuhlonipha isazi sezitshalo esivelele eMbusweni waseBrithani, uJohn Shepherd, owayengumgcini wokuqala wensimu yezitshalo ezaziwa kakhulu eLiverpool. Umbhali waleli gama, ungumbhali, unguprofesa wasePhiladelphia wezolimo, uThomas Nuttall. Wathumela amakhophi okuqala e-Shepherdia awela ulwandle engadini ye-botanical, lapho asakazekela khona kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo ukwalusa yiCanada kanye ne-USA, isimo sezulu sakhona asihlukile kakhulu kwelesiRussia
I-Russia (ngaleso sikhathi uMbuso WaseRussia) yajwayelana ne-Shepherdia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngenxa yomkhiqizi owaziwayo wozalo I.V. Michurin. Wayenesithakazelo esikhulu ezimweni ezizuzisayo nokunambitheka kwezithelo zesitshalo, edlulisela amakhophi amaningana engadini yakhe ye-acclimatization, eseKiev. Ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, uMelusi akazange akhohlwe yizisebenzi zensimu, futhi ngokushesha kwaqhamuka insimu yonke. Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi kuwo wonke amazwe e-USSR yangaphambili, umalusi uthandwa kakhulu e-Ukraine, yize amasiko engathandi ukushisa ikakhulukazi.
I-Shepherdia iyaphawuleka ekukhiqizeni okuhle, ngaphandle kokuyiqoqa kulula kakhulu kune-sea sihlahla sivame ukwenziwa olwandle
Isitshalo sinezidlaliso eziningi - "i-buffalo / i-bison berry", "i-hare / berry berry", "berry berry", "American sea buckthorn", "Nebraska currant", "berry ebethelwe", "iphepha lesiliva". Ezintathu zokuqala zivame kakhulu. Imvelaphi yabo ichazwa iqiniso lokuthi amakoloni okuqala aseMelika ayesebenzisa amajikijolo ukulungiselela isoso se-buffalo nenyama yomvundla, kanti nenyama yezithelo yayinoshukela lapho ithintwa.
I-Shepherdia - isitshalo esivela esigabeni se "ezimbili nganye", sihlanganisa ngempumelelo ukubukeka okukhangayo kanye nokuba khona kwezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo
Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwesihlahla somuntu esidala kungama-3-5 m. Imvamisa, amaconsi ebusika, kepha kunezinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza. Amahlumela we-Shepherdia mncane kakhulu, embozwe ngegxolo elinzima lombala o-grey-beige futhi avame ukutholakala ngama-spikes amade abukhali. Amahlumela aqhakaza igatsha, lisonteke, lihlangana, liwele, ikakhulukazi eduze komhlabathi, lidala isithiyo esingenakunqotshwa. Lesi sici senza i-Shepherdia ilungele kakhulu ukwakheka kwama-hedges.
I-Shepherdia ibamba kahle ukwakheka kwayo ngemuva kokusika, amagatsha ngokuqinile - lokhu kuyenza isitshalo esifanele ukwakheka kwama-hedges
Amaqabunga mancane, angama-5-7 cm ubude, aminyene ekuthintweni. Ahlelwe ngamabili ngababili komunye nomunye kuma-petioles amafushane. Ipuleti lamaqabunga liyi-elliptical noma lanceolate, libushelelezi, ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Kepha kusuka kude, kubukeka ngathi kusilika ngenxa yokuba khona kwesikali esincane noma i-villi ekhombisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphansi kweqabunga nakho kuyi-pubescent, kukhulu kakhulu kunohlangothi olungaphambili.
Amaqabunga e-Shepherdia aluhlaza okotshani, kepha ngenxa yobukhona be-villi ehlelwe ngokuqinile, kubonakala sengathi aphonswe ngesiliva
Ukuqhakaza kukaMelusi akuwona umbono omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, izimbali zakhe ziyazuzisa. Lesi sitshalo siyisitshalo esihle soju, siheha izinambuzane ezingena pollin esizeni. Izimbali ezincane kakhulu ezinombala ophuzi noma omuncu, ziqoqwe ngebhulashi noma ngesiqubu esenziwe ngespike, siqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isihlahla simbozwe ngamaqabunga. Izimbali azihlali isikhathi eside, kungapheli isonto elilodwa nohhafu. Ziqhakaza lapho nje umoya ufudumala ufinyelela kumazinga okushisa we-7-9ºС.
Izimbali ze-Shepherdia azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zibukekayo futhi zangaphandle ziyabukeka.
I-Shepherdia ingelesigaba sezitshalo ezi-dioecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma itshalwe hhayi nje ukuhlobisa ingadi, kodwa futhi nangesiqhamo sokuzala kwesikhathi esizayo, kubalulekile ukuba nazo zombili izitshalo "zabesifazane" kanye "nabesilisa" ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-4: 1. Lesi sakamuva sisebenza njengabavimbi. Unganquma ukuthi yisiphi isigaba esingesihlahla ngokuhlola ukuqhakaza izimbali. Ezitshalweni “zesilisa” zikhulu futhi ziyindilinga, ezitshalweni "zensikazi" zinephoyinti elikhonjiwe futhi zicindezelwa ngokuqinile ezimpondweni. Izimbali "zabesilisa" azinayo i-pestle, zibonakala ngokuba khona kwama-stamens amaningi.
Imbali “yomusa” kaMelusi ibonakala kalula ngokungabikho kwepestle
Izithelo zomelusi berry eliphakathi nendawo (5-6 mm ububanzi) oyindilinga oyindilinga ngombala obomvu noma owolintshi. Isikhumba sakhe simbozwe amabala amhlophe amhlophe, kufana nesifutho sepende. Ngaye, lokhu kuyinto ejwayelekile, hhayi isifo esithile. Inyama ithambile, imnandi futhi imuncu. Kukhona ukunambitheka okungaqondakali kwezinkanyezi okungewona wonke umuntu owuthandayo, ngakho-ke ama-jellies, ama-marshmallows, ama-jams, ama-compotes, notshwala, namanye amalungiselelo ahlala elungisiwe kusuka kumajikijolo kunokuba amasha. Yize ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi izithelo ezishiywe esihlahleni ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala zimnandi kakhulu futhi zithambile ngokwengeziwe. I-Shepherdia nayo iyanconywa ngokwenza amasoso - nayi i-acidity elula futhi i-tartness ebushelelezi ilusizo kakhulu.
Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ze-Shepherdia akuthandwa yiwo wonke umuntu, kepha ziwusizo kakhulu, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukubekezelela
Ngokungafani ne-sea buckthorn, ukuqoqa i-Shepherdia kulula kakhulu. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa, kwanele ukusabalalisa ifilimu, indwangu noma iphephandaba ngaphansi kwesihlahla bese sikunyakazisa kaningana ngamandla. Izithelo zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, kepha kuze kube manje zibambelele ngokuqinile kumagatsha, zingawi.
Amajikijolo aphilile ngokweqile. Owokuqala ukubona lokhu kwakuyibo bomdabu baseNyakatho Melika. I-Shepherdia iqukethe ivithamini C eningi kakhulu kunolamula, i-sea buckthorn ne-currant emnyama (kufika ku-250 mg). Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe ama-organic acid, i-carotene, ama-tannins, ama-anthocyanins, amavithamini A, u-E, R. Shepherdia isiza ukukhulisa ithoni yomzimba wonke, yehlisa ijubane ukuguga, isiza ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, umkhuhlane, inqubo yokuvuvukala, isetshenziswa ku ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Amajikijolo nawo ane-bile ne-diuretic effect. Okuqukethwe kwabo kwekhalori kuncane - ama-kcal angama-28 kuphela nge-100 g. Okuwukuphela kwento esidonsa ngayo ukuthi amajikijolo angabangela ukwaliwa. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kufanele kuthathwe ngokuqapha kulabo asebevele bazi ngokubakhona kokungabekezelelani kwabantu kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokudla.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa, izinzuzo zama-monsters amajikijolo awalahleki, ngakho-ke, amalungiselelo okuzenzela kwesinye isikhathi avame ukwenziwa kuwo, ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, isimilo se-astringency siyanyamalala
I-Shepherdia ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni. Isikhathi sokuqala isitshalo siqhakaza eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu emva kokutshala isithombo emhlabathini. Isihlahla esidala minyaka yonke siletha ama-12-16 kg amajikijolo. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza okungenani iminyaka engama-30, ukunakekelwa okulula kuzosiza ukukunweba kube yiminyaka engama-50-60. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka kuphela, ufinyelela kuma-40-50 kg.
Isimo sezulu ezweni lase-Shepherdia sihluke kancane kulokho okuphathelene neningi lendawo yase Russia. I-shrub ibekezelela isithwathwa ukuya ku--45 ° C ngaphandle kokulimala okuningi ngokwayo, okwenza ikulungele ukutshalwa eSiberia, e-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukumelana okubandayo kuhlukaniswa hhayi kuphela ngamahlumela, kodwa futhi nezinso. Amaqabunga kanye namaqabunga evulekile, izihlahla zithela izithelo ngemuva kokuqandeka kakhulu kwentwasahlobo emuva, okuthi kulezi zifunda, okubizwa ngokuthi "indawo enobungozi yezolimo", azikho ngokujwayelekile.
Okubalulekile kubalimi, isitshalo asihlushwa yimikhunta, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izinambuzane nazo azikhombisi intshiseko ngaso. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo asidingi ukufafazwa ngama-pesticides kanye nama-insecticides, ekuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esinemvelo.
Izinhlobo ezikhona
Kukhona kuphela abamele abathathu emndenini kaMelusi. Abafuyi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, baba nentshisekelo kulesi sitshalo muva nje, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kokutshala kwezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo akukaze kube nemiphumela eqhubekayo. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngemizamo yokuwela i-Shepherdia nge-sea buckthorn. Lo mhlahlandlela ubonwa njengowethembisa kakhulu - kungenzeka ukuthi uhlanganise isivuno kanye nezithelo ezinkulu zolwandle ezinamagquma amaningi ngokuqina kokulingana kwezifo, izinambuzane, isimo sezulu esibi kanye nesimo sezulu.
Kaningi esivandeni ungathola i-silver Shepherdia (S. argentea). Lesi isihlahla esinjengesihlahla esinamagatsha spiny, sifinyelela ubude obungu-5-6 m. Amahlumela amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aguqula umbala kancane abe i-taupe. Amaqabunga amancane, angama-3-5 cm ubude, ngendlela ye-ellipse enephoyinti elikhomba. Ngenxa yobuntu be-pubescence, baphonswa zombili izinhlangothi ngesiliva. Izithelo ezinobubanzi obungu-5-6 mm nesisindo esingama-0.5-0.7 g. Zivuthiwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, yize zithola umbala wesimilo ngoJulayi.
Umalusi wesiliva utholakala kakhulu emasimini engadi kaningi.
Kukhona nzalo yokuzalanisa ngezithelo ezigqamile ophuzi - Xanthocarpa naseGoldeneye. Kepha lezi yizimpumelelo zakamuva zabafuyi, okuze kube manje ziyivelakancane kakhulu ngokufinyelela okuvulekile. Ukubathola kunzima kakhulu, ngisho nangaphesheya.
Ividiyo: isiliva lomalusi libukeka kanjani
Umelusi waseCanada (S. canadensis) utholakala "ekudingisweni" kaningi kakhulu. Unenzuzo engenakuphikwa - ukungabikhona kwezikhala, kepha uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa kuphela. Izithelo zaso zincanyana, ziphuzi-orenji, cishe akunakunambitha. Futhi akufani ngesilinganiso sokukhula, ukuphakama okuphezulu kungama-1.5-2,5 m. Amaqabunga aluhlaza grey noma omnqumo, acwebezelayo acwebezelayo, amise okweqanda.
Inzuzo enkulu yomelusi waseCanada ukungabikho kwameva, kodwa izithelo zayo akuvamile ukuba kudliwe.
Ummeleli wokugcina wohlobo lolusa uyindilinga ngokujikeleza (S. rotundifolia). Lesi sitshalo esihlala sitholakala ngokwemvelo kuphela esifundazweni saseColorado. Akufani ku-hardness yasebusika, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukulinyelwa emasimini amaningi aseRussia. Amacembe akhe ambozwe ukukhula okuncane, okufana nama-warts, akhiwe emagatsheni kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, zinenyama, ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo, amahlumela athambekele emhlabathini, enze umdanso omuhle. Izimbali zincanyana kakhulu, ziphuzi. Izithelo azidliwa.
I-Shepherdia rotundifolia - isitshalo esisekupheleni kweColorado engamelana neqhwa, okuthikameza ukusatshalaliswa kwayo phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur
Ungasitshala kanjani isitshalo
U-Shepherdia akazithobi. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ngekhwalithi engafani nhlabathi yenhlabathi. Ilungele inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma inhlabathi evundayo - enempilo futhi inokusiza okuhle. Kepha ingakhula lapho kungekho khona elinye isiko elingaphila khona. I-Shepherdia ikhona ngempumelelo futhi ithela izithelo enhlabathini enesihlabathi, amatshe, usawoti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezimpandeni zesitshalo kunezinunu ezincane - iziqukathi zamagciwane akhethekile. Ngiyabonga kubo, i-Shepherdia ihlinzeka nge-nitrogen, "ukuyikhipha" emkhathini. Isigceme nje esindayo (ubumba, udaka, i-peat) ngeke simhambele.
Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo alunamsebenzi, kepha luthuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isihlahla singatshalwa emithambekeni, emaweni, emithambekeni. Uyakwazi ukuvikela ngempumelelo lezi zindawo ekuguguleka komhlaba.
Kungcono ukhethe indawo evulekile yokwalusa. Ukushisa nelanga kuthinta kahle isivuno nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo. Inketho embi yinoma yiziphi izindawo eziphansi, zivame ukumisa amanzi nomoya obandayo womswakama. Futhi, musa ukutshala i-Shepherdia lapho amanzi asemhlabathini asondela ngaphezulu kune mitha. Ukungabikho kokuqina komswakama kucishe kube yimfuneko yesitshalo, kufanelekile ukusilalela. Kuyathandeka futhi ukuthi kube nomgoqo kude lapho uvikela isihlahla emimoyeni ebandayo, kepha lokhu akuyona imfuneko.
Ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga kunomthelela omuhle enanini nasekunambithekeni kwamajikijolo e-Shepherdia
Isikhathi esihle sokufika endaweni efudumele, ikakhulukazi e-Urals naseSiberia, yintwasahlobo. Isimo sezulu kulezi zifunda asilindelekile; ubusika bungafika kungazelelwe. Lapho utshala ekwindla, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi okungenani izinyanga ezimbili zisele ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ukuze kube yisithombo, lesi yisikhathi esanele 'sokubhekana nengcindezi' futhi uzivumelanise nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.
Lapho utshala izitshalo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga eli-1.8-2 m liyagcinwa phakathi kwazo. Okuwukuphela kwento i-Shepherdia, eklanyelwe ukwakha uthango. Kulokhu, isikhawu sincishiswa saba ngu-0.5 m.
Izithombo ze-Shepherdia kumele zithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile noma enkulisa, lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yezinto zokutshala
Ukujula okuphezulu komgodi wokufika kungama-0,5-0.75 m. Kungcono ukuthi uyilungiselele kusengaphambili, okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10-12 ngaphambi kwenqubo ehleliwe. Kwinye nenye engeza amalitha ayi-1010 womquba obunjiwe noma we-humus, imbiza yelitha yomlotha wezinkuni ohlanganisiwe, kuxutshaniswa ama-fertiliser kanye nengqimba ephezulu yomhlaba ekhishwe emgodini (wokuqala we-10-15 cm). Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukumboza umgodi ngokuthile okungangeneki kwamanzi, isibonelo, ucezu lwesilayidi.
Asikho isidingo sokwenza umgodi ojulile wokubamba i-Shepherdia, uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo alunamaphutha
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokufika emhlabathini. Le nqubo yokwalusa ihlukile kancane kuleyo yezihlahla zezithelo namahlahla amajikijolo.
- Uhlelo lwezimpande luhlolwa ngokucophelela, izimpande ezomile nezifile ziyasuswa. Okunempilo kutholwe ku-2-3 cm, ngaphandle kokuthinta ama-nodragle okuzo.
- Izimpande ze-Shepherdia zicwiliswa amahora angama-3-4 esitsheni samanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Ungangeza i-potanganum permanganate kuyo (kuya ku-pink hue) noma kunoma iyiphi i-biostimulant (Epin, Heteroauxin, potassium humate, succinic acid), uselungisile ikhambi ngokuya ngemiyalo.
- Isitshalo sibekwa endundumeni yomhlaba bese siqonda kahle izimpande, siqondise phansi. Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungalimazi ama-nodragle akuzo.
- Umgodi wokutshala umbozwe izingxenye ezincane zomhlaba, ngezikhathi ezithile unyakazisa izithombo. Akudingekile ukwenza i-substrate ngamandla, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale ikhululeke ngokwanele.
- Umbuthano wesiqu onobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-50-70 uniselwa kakhulu, usebenzisa amalitha angama-25-30 amanzi. Lapho igwenywa, le ndawo ihlanganiswe nge-peat crumb, humus, utshani obusha obusikiwe kanye notshani obolile.
- Amahlumela akhona ancishiswa cishe ingxenye yesithathu ukuvuselela ukwanda kwamagatsha.
Ukutshala i-Shepherdia enhlabathini cishe akufani nenqubo efanayo kwezinye izihlahla nezihlahla
Ukuzalela ukwalusa
I-Shepherdia isakazeka ngempumelelo zombili izindlela zokusungula nokukhiqiza. Ngasikhathi sinye, izihlahla ezitholakala embewini zizuza ngokugcwele izimfanelo zesitshalo “somzali”. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ku-nzalo ezifuywayo ngokuzalaniswa, kepha azenzeki eRussia.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Imbewu ka-Shepherdia iqoqwa ngokuzimela, igaye ugaya wejikijolo omkhulu kunepulpiti. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha esinabo kufanele sibekwe elangeni.Lapho uginindela womile, imbewu ingahlukaniswa kalula kuyo.
Imbewu ye-Shepherdia kulula ukuyiqoqa ngokwayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyitshala ngonyaka lapho ziqoqiwe
Etshalwe ekwindla efanayo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhluma kwehla kakhulu. Ezimbewu eziqoqwe ngesizini efanayo, cishe zingama-80%. Akusizi ukugcina izinto zokutshala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Isikhathi esihle sokufika emhlabeni yishumi leminyaka likaNovemba. Isilinganiso sezitshalo "zesilisa" kanye "nezesifazane" phakathi kwezithombo ezitholiwe cishe zilingana, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngalokhu.
- Imbewu evuniwe itshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Akudingeki ukuthi zijule ngokujule, kube nje ama-cm angama-2-3 anele.Ukushisa okungahlanzeki kulungele le njongo. Ukuze ungalahli isiza sokufika, ungamba ibhokisi elincanyana emhlabathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Enye indlela kulokhu kwehlukana kwemvelo ukuguga kwembewu amaviki angama-6-8 ekushiseni okungu-0-2 ° C. Kulokhu, batshalwe emhlabathini ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, kepha izinga lokuhluma kwabo liphansi kakhulu - lingabi ngaphezu kwama-60%.
- Ukutshala kuhlanganiswe nge-peat noma nge-humus, kwakha ungqimba olungama cm 8-10. Ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa ngokwanele liwa, kuthululelwa iqhwa embhedeni.
- Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli. Ngenkathi, izithombo zinakekelwa njengezitshalo zabantu abadala. Kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi, kungakuhle ukuthi kwenziwe ukufafaza okungama-2-2 ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen - ashukumisa ukukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza.
- Ekupheleni ekwindla, izithombo zizofika ekuphakameni okungama-12-16 cm. Izitshalo ezinjalo zingadluliselwa endaweni okuhlosiwe. Isivuno sokuqala esivela e-Shepherdia esitshalwe ezinhlanyelweni singalindelwa eminyakeni engama-5-6, kepha lesi sikhathi singakhula iminyaka engama-8-10.
Imbewu ka-Shepherdia etshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphambi kobusika ikhombisa ukuhluma okungcono kunaleyo okumila ekhaya
Ukusakazwa yizendlalelo zezimpande
Ngaleyo ndlela, u-Shepherdia uthela izithelo kakade emva kweminyaka engama-3-4. Amahlumela aminyene akhiwa endaweni eyi-1.5-2 m ukusuka ehlathini. Izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zigxile kakhulu.
Ukuzala kabusha usebenzisa amahlumela asisekelo kuyindlela enikezwe yimvelo uqobo. Izinto zokutshala zisuswa ngokucophelela enhlabathini kanye nezimpande.
- Bopha inhlabathi, uhlukanise ngokucophelela kusuka engxenyeni yomame. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukusikeka okumbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka, unciphise ukuhlukumezeka ezimpandeni.
- Amanxeba adalwe yinzalo ayabulawa amagciwane, afafazwe ngushayi ochotshoziwe, amalahle ocushiwe, umlotha wezinkuni osikiwe, isinamoni.
- Izendlalelo zitshalwe endaweni ekhethiwe, eniselwe ngokulinganayo. Uma umgwaqo ungafudumali kakhulu, ambozwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki asikiwe. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, okutshaliwe kuvikelwe ngezinto ezimbozekayo ezimhlophe. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amaqabunga amasha, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa.
Izimbumbulu
Ukuzisika komalusi yingxenye ephezulu noma ephakathi yombambo waminyaka yonke ongu-10-12 cm. Zinqume engela engaba ngu-45º. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi inga-lignified; ukusika okunjalo kuthatha izimpande ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungasika izinto zokutshala kuyo yonke inkathi, kodwa isikhathi esihle salokhu ukuphela kukaJulayi noma ingxenye yokuqala kaJulayi.
Ama-cuttings we-Shepherdia alungele ukusakazwa - izihloko zamahlumela zaminyaka yonke
- Ukuncipha okuncane kokudutshulwa kumanzi cishe usuku kusixazululo sanoma iyiphi isivuseleli sezimpande esilungiselelwe ngokwemiyalo. Ungamane ufafaze nge-powder Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Zircon.
- Izimbiza ezincane noma izinkomishi zepulasitiki zigcwele inhlabathi enezithombo zezithombo. Isendlalelo sakhiwe kahle.
- Izilimo zitshalwe emhlabathini, zikhule ngo-3-4 cm ekhoneni elingaba ngu-60º. Uma kunesidingo, hlukana namaqabunga aphansi. Fafaza inhlabathi ngesendlalelo esondelana sesihlabathi (1-2 cm). Kubalulekile ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ngokubeka iziqukathi ezikhwameni, uzimboze ngezibuko zengilazi noma usike amabhodlela epulasitiki. Nsuku zonke imizuzu engama-5 ukuya kwengama-10, kususwa indawo yokukhosela ukugwema ukunxeshezelwa.
- Ama-cuttings, anikezwe ukukhanya okukhanya okusakazekile kwamahora angama-8-10 ngosuku kanye nokushisa okuyi-22-25 ° C, anikeze izimpande ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25. Futhi, badinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke ngamanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Inhlabathi akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba isomile; ukusikeka okuqondile kwelanga nakho kuyalimaza.
- Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma eshumini sokuqala sika-Okthoba, ukusika okugxilile kudluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
I-Shepherdia isatshalaliswa ukusikwa ngendlela efanayo namanye ama-berry bush.
Ukunakekelwa kweShrub
Ukunakekela uMelusi kuzosusa isikhathi senkathi nomgadli. Ngisho nalabo abangenalo ulwazi oluthe xaxa emkhakheni ofanele baqinisekisiwe ukuthi babhekene nakho nokulinyelwa.
I-Shepherdia ibonakala ngokuqhathanisa nesithwathwa nokuqothuka kwesomiso, kunganciphisi ikhwalithi yenhlabathi. Ayidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika, ikwazi ukwenza kahle ngemvula yemvelo. Yize ephendula ngokubonga kokunisela okwengeziwe nokugqoka okuphezulu, okuphathekayo noma amaminerali.
I-Shepherdia ibekezelela iqhwa elinzima kakhulu ngaphandle komonakalo, ngakho-ke, ayidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika
Noma yisiphi isitshalo sidinga amanzi ngesikhathi sokumiswa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, uma ihlobo lishisa futhi liwomile, kungakuhle ukuthi unisele abelusi kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-8-10, usebenzise amalitha angama-25-30 esihlahleni esidala.
Umelusi angenza kahle ngemvula yemvelo, kepha ukuchelela njalo phakathi nehlobo kunomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni
Njalo ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngokucophelela. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-Shepherdia luyathuthukiswa, kepha alukhethi. Ukhula njalo kubalulekile. Ukhula lususa umsoco odingekayo esitshalweni futhi uphazamise nokujwayelekile okujwayelekile. Ukonga isikhathi ngokubalulekile kuzosiza i-mulching. Ama-basal amahlumela, uma singekho isidingo sokutshala impahla, nawo asuswa ngokumba umhlabathi bese anisela izimpande. "I-Hemp" ayinconywa ukuhamba.
Izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu phakathi nenkathi, ungenza ukugqoka okuphezulu. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga i-nitrogen. Lokhu kungabanjiswa umquba noma i-humus (15-20 l) kusatshalaliswa phezu kombuthano oseduze, i-urea, i-ammonium nitrate, i-ammonium sulfate (10-15 g nge-10 l lamanzi) noma ukumiliselwa kwe-nettle eluhlaza, amaqabunga e-dandelion (noma noma yikuphi okunye ukhula).
I-Urea, njengamanye amakhambi aqukethe i-nitrogen, ivuselela isitshalo ukwakha inqwaba eluhlaza, ebaluleke kakhulu entwasahlobo
Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo, izihlahla zondliwa ngephosphorus ne-potassium (25-30 g ye-superphosphate elula ne-potasium nitrate ngo-10 l wamanzi). Enye indlela yemvelo ukufakwa komlotha wezinkuni (ilitha eli-1 lamalitha amanzi abilayo). Ngemuva kokuvuna, ukugqoka okufanayo okuphezulu kuyaphindwa. Ungasebenzisa amalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi (Aba, Autumn).
I-Wood ash - umthombo wemvelo we-potassium ne-phosphorus
I-Shepherdia ibonakala ngesilinganiso sokukhula ngamandla nokuqina kwamagatsha, ngakho-ke inqubo okuyiyo kuphela yokuyinakekela ithenwa. Izitshalo ezinjalo zibukeka zinhle futhi zihlobisa ngokwengeziwe. Kungcono ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokuphakama ube ngu-2-2,5 m, unciphise amahlumela aseceleni kumagatsha okuqala. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukuvuna. Le nqubo yenziwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-5.
Njengoba ukhula, isilinganiso sokukhula sincipha, ngakho njalo eminyakeni engama-7-8 umelusi udinga ukuthenwa okuvuselelayo. Zonke amahlumela akhona amadala kakhulu kunale minyaka asuswe ngokuphelele, wonke afinyeziwe ngokwanda kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule. Lokhu kuvuselela ihlathi ukuthi liqhubekisele phambili ukwakha amagatsha, kufaka isandla ekukhuleni komkhiqizo futhi kwandise nosayizi wezithelo.
Ukuze usike i-Shepherdia sebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi abukhali futhi angcolile
Njalo ngonyaka, entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa, ukuqeda ephukile, yomisiwe futhi ingaphumelelanga, kuqondiswe phansi futhi kujule kumqhele, amahlumela avele.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Izithelo ze-Shepherdia silvery, ngokwazi kwami, zimnandi futhi zimuncu, lokhu kubhaliwe kuyo yonke imithombo. Kepha isihlobo se-Shepherdia eselusi - i-Canadian Shepherdia - ngempela sinezithelo ezibabayo.
INkosi yezimbali//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
I-Shepherdia nayo iyafana ne-sea buckthorn, kufaka phakathi ukunambitheka, njenge-turnip for radish - ngumndeni kuphela futhi isimo sezithelo asifani.
serov vladimir//fialka.tomsk.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=43&t=16910
Sekuyiminyaka emibili ngikhula njengomalusi wesiliva. Isihlahla esihle esingenangxaki, esingaqhakaza.
I-Valeric//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=290565
Minyaka yonke ngiqoqa i-Shepherdia. Ukuvuthwa, cishe i-berry ye-Cherry: okumnandi, okunambitheka kancane, ukunambitheka okunezinongo kukhona, kodwa kancane. Le berry iyi-amateur, kepha ngiyithanda kakhulu, iqhwa kakhulu futhi ngidla ebusika, njengembewu. Ezweni lethu, i-Shepherdia ayikhuli ngezihlahla ezinamamitha amathathu futhi, ngaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo, ibukeka njenge-ivushka.
ILyudmila I//otvet.mail.ru/question/171230749
I-Shepherdia, empeleni, isitshalo esihlukanisayo. Izitshalo zowesilisa nabesifazane zingahlukaniswa kuphela ngamahlamvu wezimbali: emadodeni ayindilinga, makhulu, kwabesifazane - akhombe, amancane. Ama-flower efihlekile akhiwa amahlumela waminyaka yonke kanye namahlumela wokuqhubeka. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amafushane anjengomlingo. Ukuhlanjululwa e-Shepherdia, kanye nakumakhompiyutha ahlobene nawo kanye nolwandle ama-sea sihlahla sivulekile Ngithole izitshalo zobulili obuhlukile, zincane, zingaba yingxenye yemitha ubude, zingandisi ngokushesha.
I-Peregrina//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Njenge-sea sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kolwandle, i-Shepherdia iyisitshalo sezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze kwenziwe izithelo, kuyadingeka ukuba ube nesitshalo sowesifazane nowesilisa. Iminyaka eminingana manje, isitshalo sowesifazane i-Shepherdia, esihlanganiswe kwi-sea sihlahla sivame ukuqhuma, besilokhu siqhakaza, ngenxa yokungabikho kwesitshalo sowesilisa, i-ovary, noma sakha, kodwa ngokushesha kuwa. Akufanele sikhathazeke ngobulukhuni bokubusika kwe-Shepherdia, imelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, imelana nesomiso, ayithinteki ezifweni zokukhunta.
USergey Lazurchenko//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Ngokwami, umbono wami ukuthi uma ufuna ukugcina i-Shepherdia ngenxa yamajikijolo, akufanele! I-berry, empeleni, imnandi, kepha i-viscosity ebonakala kumaSuckers amaningi ayikhishwa ngokuphelele kuyo. Uma ukugcina, kungenela kuphela iqoqo, “njengokwejwayelekile” njengami, ngiqoqa konke okungenzeka nokungatholakali kusayithi yayo.
UNikolay waseSamara//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=2168
Ukutshala i-Shepherdia ngeke kudinge izindleko ezinkulu zesikhathi nokuzikhandla kumlimi. Kwanele ukumnikeza ukunakwa okuncane, ukuze isihlahla seminyaka eminingi sihlobise ingadi. Lesi sitshalo sibhekwa kakhulu ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle, okungajwayelekile kakhulu kanye nezinzuzo zezithelo. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okusheshayo kokuthandwa kwayo. I-Shepherdia isakazeka kancane kancane eRussia. Uyakwazi ukusuka nokuphuma emasimini engadini, ngokwesibonelo, ulwandle olugotshwe olwandle.
