I-Watercress - isho izitshalo zemifino, ukunambitheka okumunyu kancane. Manje sekuyathandwa kakhulu. Ukunambitheka okungajwayelekile kungenxa yobukhona kawoyela wesinaphi ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zalo mthi.
Izici ezizuzayo zalolu luhlaza bezaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. UHippocrates ukhulume ngezici zokupholisa ze-watercress, amandla ayo okuhlanza igazi futhi abe nomphumela oqinisayo ojwayelekile kuwo wonke umzimba. EGibhithe lasendulo, ngosizo lwayo yathuthukisa impilo yabesilisa kanye nokwanda kwe-potency.
Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, iya ngokuya ibonakala emibhedeni nasemafasiteleni ezakhamizi zaseRussia.
Ukuchazwa kwe-Watercress
Lesi sitshalo sinotshani, senzeka ngokufanayo futhi sibili. Kubhekwa ngokudla.
I-Watercress inamagama amaningana: i-watercress, ukuhlwanyela klopovnik, Tsitsmat. Ungowomndeni wakwaC Crucifer, uhlobo lweKlopovnik. Ungowokudabuka e-Iran, kepha futhi ukhula ezimweni zemvelo eGibhithe, e-Ethiopia nase-Asia. Kwakuyaziwa emakamu emgodini waseMedithera ngezikhathi zeNkathi yasendulo, imizamo yokuqala ephumelelayo yokulima yaqhamuka lapho.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60. Izimpande zawo zilula. Amaqabunga anjengamahlumela apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo. Izimbali zingaba nombala ohlukile, kukhona: omhlophe no-pink. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza okuningana ngoJuni-Julayi, kuvela izithelo ezifana namadumba. Ukulungiselela ukukhula endaweni enelanga noma enomthunzi omncane. Ithanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela. Kusatshalaliswa imbewu.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zesitshalo ezitshaliwe: ukuhlwanyela, ngamaqabunga aphelele nangama-curly. Zonke zihlukile komunye ngokubukeka.
Ngakho-ke i-curly watercress inezindawo ezikhuliswe isigamu, futhi amaqabunga awo angajwayelekile, aqoshwe. Ububanzi besihlahla bungamasentimitha ayi-15-17. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalezi zinhlobonhlobo: "I-Openwork", kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala kanye naphakathi.
Kwisaladi elinamaqabunga aphelele, irosette iyithambile futhi ikhudlwana ubukhulu futhi ingafinyelela kuma-cm angama-20. Ingakhula ize ibe ngama-60-6 cm ukuphakama. 
Izinhlobo ze-Watercress
Ukuhlwanyela i-cress yisiphambano phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili. Ine-rosette enkulu, ephakamiswe kancane, amashidi we-longitudinal, dissect kancane. Izinhlobo ezinokubona okuphelele kakhulu kungokwakho. Isibonelo, "Fun", "Dansky."
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-watercress
Ithebula libonisa izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.
| Buka | Ibanga | Izici |
| Ngamahlamvu aphelele | I-Ducat | Ubunzima ekucaciseni okuphezulu. Kusukela esikhathini sokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala ukuya ekuqaleni kokukhula (ezobuchwepheshe), kuvama amasonto ama-2. Ubude obukhulu buyi-15 cm, ububanzi bungama-25 cm. Inani lamaqabunga liyahlukahluka lisuka ku-8 liye ku-16, likhulu, lidwetshwe emthunzini oluhlaza okhanyayo. Banemidwebo engemuva yesinaphi emnandi enophawu olukhanyayo. |
| I-Broadleaf | Kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zokuvuthwa okuphakathi. Ungadla inyanga eyi-1 ngemuva kokutshala. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Amaqabunga athambile kakhulu, aluhlaza ngombala, abe nokunambitheka okumnandi. Kusetshenziswe lapho kulungiswa izitsha zenyama, inhlanzi, futhi kufakwe namasaladi. | |
| Kinky | I-Openwork | Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala okuphakathi. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa emasontweni ama-3-4. Ngobude nobubanzi ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ingatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo ekhaya. |
| Curly | Isebenza futhi ezinhlotsheni eziba maphakathi ekuqaleni, kepha ifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwesikhathi esizayo kuya kwezinsuku ezingama-40-45 kusuka ekutshaleni. Amabhasi mancane ngokwedlulele futhi afinyelela ku-20-22 cm ububanzi nokuphakama. Ekudla, ungasebenzisa zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kufaka phakathi amahlumela amancane kuze kuvele imicibisholo. | |
| Ukuhlwanyela | Kumnandi | Kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala, ezilungele ukukhula ekhaya, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Kusetshenziswa njengokuthosa futhi ukwengeza i-spiciness kuma-salads. |
| Dansky | Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala kunazo zonke - zilungele ukudliwa ngokushesha izinsuku eziyi-10 kusukela ngesikhathi sokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala. Ukumelana nesimo sezulu esibandayo esifushane, esenza ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinyelwa eRussia. Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi nosawoti wayo, i-vithamini C, i-calcium ne-iodine kumahlamvu awo nesiqu. | |
| Kukhethiwe | Futhi ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, kukhuphule umkhiqizo. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, okufana nesinaphi. Ilindelwe ukudla ngosuku lwe-17 kusukela ngokuvela kwezithombo. |
Izindlela Zokukhula Kwe-Watercress
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhulisa i-watercress: efasiteleni, endaweni eluhlaza kanye nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukutshala, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi kanye nembewu.
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo se-herbaceous lingesokuzithoba okukhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo. Ingahluma ngisho ephepheni elilula lephepha elanyiswe ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, kunenzuzo ukulandela eminye imithetho ukuze isivuno sithokoziswe ngobuningi baso:
- Lapho ufika efasiteleni, kufanelekile ukuthenga umhlaba esitolo esikhethekile, futhi ungawuthathi lapho uzakhela yena uqobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhlabathi ingaqukatha izibungu namaqanda woqothula obebethelwe, okuyi-pest futhi kulimaze i-watercress.
- Lapho utshala emhlabathini ovulekile, awukwazi ukumisa ukunaka kwakho emibhedeni lapho izilimo zeklabishi noma izimpande (izaqathe, beet, ugarliki, njll.) Ezisetshenziselwa ukukhula. Isitshalo esihle ngeke sisebenze, kungcono ukhethe enye indawo.
Ngemuva kokukhetha indawo ongayitshala, kufanele unake ukulungiswa kwembewu. Mikhulu kuso lesi sitshalo, esiphakathi kancane futhi sifana nesinaphi. Babekwe esitsheni futhi bagcwaliswa ngamanzi, ngaphezu kwaphezulu. Cwilisa amahora angama-10-15. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, ungaqala ukuhlwanyela.
Ukutshala i-watercress yezithombo
Akukona ngaso sonke isikhathi ukutshala i-watercress emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukukwenza efulethini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kulokhu, udinga ukuhlwanyela njalo njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa amabhodwe anenhlabathi ukuphakama ngo-8-10 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu itshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini, noma ingahluma ngoboya obunyisiwe bekotoni noma ithawula iphepha, bese idluliselwa esitsheni esilungiselelwe. 
Ukutshala kwesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo kwe-watercress kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Kulolu hlobo lokutshala, akudingekile ukusebenzisa isitsha esihlukile, i-watercress izizwa imnandi endaweni kanye nezinye izilimo zemifino namakhambi. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zasemanzini zalesi sitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, iDucat, isifunda saseMoscow, zilungele kahle.
I-watercress ekhulayo efasiteleni
Kungcono ukutshala imbewu ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaSepthemba, ngalesi sikhathi ukushisa kuhamba, kepha ukukhanya kosuku kusesekude, okungeke kuvume ukuthi isitshalo sikhule singazelele futhi ukundiza.
Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isitsha sokutshala silungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, phansi kwaso udinga ukubeka ukotini noma isakhi esingumsoco esingama-2 cm cm, sawdust noma ungqimba lomhlaba uthululelwa ngaphezulu ngenxa yezithombo noma yisiphi isitshalo esingaphakathi endlini. Ngemuva kwalokho babeka imbewu bese ufafaza enhlabathini eyi-1.5-2 cm. Ukunisela kancane, amboze ngengilazi, nge-hardboard noma ngefilimu bese uhlanza endaweni emnyama kuze kube kuvela amahlumela okuqala.
I-Watercress ikhula kahle kakhulu emazingeni okushisa we- + 5 ... +6 ° C, kulolu banga akha uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuqalwa kwamaqabunga okuqala, imbobo yokususa iyasuswa bese isitsha sihanjiswa endaweni efudumele enamazinga okushisa + ngu-15 ° C.
Kubalulekile ukubeka ibhodwe emthunzini oyingxenye futhi uqiniseke ukuliguqula ezinhlangothini ezihlukile nsuku zonke. I-balcony efudumele noma i-loggia ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwendlu ilungele kahle le ndlela yokukhula. Kuhle ukubhekisisa ukunisela isitshalo futhi ungavumeli ukomiswa ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi. Ukufafaza kwibhodlela lokufafaza kuzoba nomphumela ozuzisayo ku-greenery. Isaladi lifakwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, i-superphosphate noma i-Rainbow.
Noma ukukhanya kwemini sekufushane, isitshalo asidingi ukukhanyiswa okwengeziwe. Ungayidla lapho izihlahla zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-8-10 cm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zinqunywa ngokucophelela ngesikele ezibukhali eduze nomhlabathi.
Ikhula lamanzi wamanzi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile kungaqala kusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungabheki ozimele besikhathi kuphela, kepha futhi nezimo zokushisa: inhlabathi kumele inciphe okungenani ngo-4 cm, futhi umoya kufanele ufudumale ufike ku- + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Uma uhlela ukutshala ngaphambi kobusika, kubalulekile ukukufeza ngokuya ngesithwathwa sokuqala, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izokufa.
Umhlaba omncane one-asidi noma ongathathi hlangothi ungcono kakhulu.
Ngemuva kweklabishi noma eduze kwaso akufanele ukutshale, isivuno esihle ngeke sisebenze, ngoba isisulu samanzi singatheleleka ngentambo ebethelwa kuyo.
Udinga ukulungisa ingadi ngaphambi kokuba kufike ikwindla: bayigaya bese befaka i-superphosphate noma umquba, osuvele uxutshwe kabusha. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokutshala, ungakwazi ngaphezu kwalokho ukufaka umquba nge-ammonium sulfate.
Emhlabathini okhululiwe, imisele yenziwa ngokujula okungama-0,5 ... 1 cm, nebanga phakathi kwawo kungama-10 ... 20 cm. Amahlumela aqhamile kufanele aqunywe, kushiye ububanzi obungama-10 cm ezungeze isihlahla ngasinye.
Kungcono ukutshala emthunzini oyingxenye, ngoba emibhedeni ngokukhanya okuningi, isitshalo siqala ukukhipha imicibisholo ngokushesha futhi singakulungele ukudliwa.
I-Watercress iniselwa njalo, kuya ngomiswa kwe-substrate. Ngemuva kokufaka umswakama, ungawukhulula ngobunono umhlabathi phakathi kwezihlahla. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ngokugqoka okuphezulu ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ngoba isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesitshalo siseduze kakhulu futhi ama-nitrate angena kuwo ngeke nje akwazi ukucutshungulwa futhi umphumela uzoba umphumela wenzuzo yokusebenzisa kwawo.
Ukukhulisa isithamo samanzi endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Indlela yokukhulisa lesi sitshalo endaweni ebamba ukushisa ayihlukile kuleyo evulekile. Ingatshalwa entwasahlobo ngaphambili kunasemhlabathini ovulekile, ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi samaqhwa amade wasentwasahlobo. Lidinga kuphela ukufakwa umoya omncane njalo, kuqala umoya omusha.
Izici Zokunakekela Amanzi
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela lesi sitshalo ayikho miningi. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuthambisa ngesikhathi nangesikhathi esanele, kepha akufanele kube ngokweqile.
Uma ugcwalisa lesi sitshalo, singafa, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kukhula ulethisi ekhaya, ngoba akukho ndawo yokuthola umswakama ngokweqile kusuka emkhawulweni olinganiselwe.
Udinga futhi ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yomhlaba ukuze kungashisi kakhulu futhi kunelanga. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezindlini nasemafulethini avulekile.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-Watercress
Ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngokushesha, i-watercress imvamisa ayinaso isikhathi sokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane noma itheleleke.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela izimo lapho ehlupheka. Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa izimbangela ezahlukahlukene.
| Inkinga | Ukubonakaliswa | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Umlenze omnyama Ukujikeleza | Ukwenza mnyama kwe-stem bese kuba namaqabunga kwenzeka ngomswakama wenhlabathi okhuphukile. | Ukucekelwa phansi kwezihlahla ezigulayo. Ukutshala endaweni efanayo ehlobo elizayo akunconywa. |
| I-Cruciferous flea | Amaqabunga esitshalo aququshiwe. | Icubungula izitshalo ngothuli lukabhema noma i-decoction yayo. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha, kufanelekile ukuhambisa imibhede nge-watercress kuya endaweni eyihlane kusuka emndenini weKlabishi. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-watercress
I-Watercress inezindawo zokupholisa: ngaphezu kokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi ekwakhiweni kwayo, iyakwazi ukuqeda ukoma, kanye nesitolo sevithamini, amaminerali kanye nezinto zokulandela. Ngakho-ke kufaka phakathi: amavithamini A, E, K, B, C, Ca, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium, choline, iron, zinc kanye nabanye abaningi.
Uma udla lesi sitshalo nsuku zonke, khona-ke ngokuya ngocwaningo lwesimanje, ubungozi bokuvela kwezifo ezifana ne-prostatitis, ukubukeka kwamehlo kanye nokuvela kwe-neoplasms enobungozi kuyancishiswa.
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iodine, indlala yegilo iyathuthuka futhi amathuba okuthuthukisa i-pathology yayo ayancipha. Ukungezwa kwayo njalo ekudleni kuvamile ukulala futhi kukhulisa ukusebenza komzimba wonke. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuyidla entwasahlobo, lapho ubungozi bokuthola ukuntuleka kwamavithamini luphezulu ikakhulukazi.
Kodwa-ke, lo muthi oyisimangaliso uhanjelwe abantu abanezinkinga ezisegomeni lesisu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuxakile.
Akufanele futhi udle ngaphezu kwezipuni ezi-4 zemifino ngosuku, uma kungenjalo kungaba nezinkinga ngegayidi yokugaya ukudla: isifo sohudo, isisu, izinhlungu zesisu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nezindlela ezingenabungozi kakhulu kufanele zisetshenziswe kumithamo enconyiwe.
I-Watercress iyisitjalo esihle okulula ukusikhulisa hhayi engadini kuphela, kodwa nasefasiteleni. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngeke ajabule ngokunambitheka kwakhe okuhle, kepha futhi nokubukeka kwezihlahla, ngoba muhle kakhulu.
