Ukulima ummbila kudume kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu, okuyisizathu sezinganekwane ukuthi asiqali ndawo, kepha lokhu kukude nalokhu.
Ngokwemvelo, ezindaweni ezifudumele kuzoba lula kakhulu ukubhekana nalolu daba, kepha esimweni sezulu esibi, ungatshala imifino enoshukela izingane eziyithanda kakhulu, umehluko ekunakekelweni awumkhulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zommbila ezidumile
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhleleni kokutshala kufanele kube ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezifanele. Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezithengiswayo, noma kunjalo, kude kakhulu nazo zonke zilungele isifunda esithile. Phakathi kohlu olukhulu kukhona izinketho zomhlaba wonke, ezifakazelwe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amafushane ehlobo esifundeni lapho ukutshala kufanele khona, ngokushesha izinhlobo kufanele zikhethwe kungekudala.
Izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zebhendi ephakathi:
- Dobrynya;
- Umsuka we-Icy;
- Umoya
- Ijubili;
- ISundance;
- Gourmet
- Iphayona
Cabanga ngemininingwane eminingi evamile.
Dobrynya
I-hybrid yakuqala esevuthiwe, ifinyelela ku-170 cm.
Noma yimuphi umhlabathi kufanelekile, umelana kahle nezifo.
Gourmet 121
Ukuhoxa okuphezulu, ukumelana kakhulu nezifo.
Isikhathi sokukhula sithatha izinsuku ezingama-75. Ekuphakameni kuze kufike ku-150 cm.
Iphayona
Yaduma ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle namazinga okushisa aphansi, umkhiqizo ophakeme, ongathintwa yisimo sezulu.
Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela nokutshala izithombo zommbila endaweni evulekile ezifundeni ezihlukene
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umehluko wokulinyelwa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene mncane. Inqubo yehluka kuphela ngesikhathi lapho imbewu izotshalwa.
Ake sihlaziye izici zokukhulisa ummbila ezifundeni:
- Ukufika komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo akuvunyelwe ngokushesha endaweni evulekile. Ngokuya ngesikhathi, ukutshala kwenziwa phakathi maphakathi noMeyi, inhlabathi isivele ifudumele kahle, futhi amafrimu awalindelekile ezinyangeni ezi-3 ezizayo. Lapho ukhetha okuhlukahlukene, kufanelekile ukunikela okuthandwayo kulabo ababekezelela ukubanda okubandayo. Zingafakwa ngisho ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kuphela kulokhu kuyodingeka ukwakha indawo ekhethekile yokuphephela yamafilimu.
- Esifundeni eseningizimu, ukufika phansi kungaqhutshwa nje ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa selizinza kusuka ku-+10 ° C. Lapho ukhetha okuhlukahlukene, awukwazi ngokuphelele ukukukhawulela, noma ngubani uzothatha izimpande.
- ISiberia nama-Urals ommbila anzima kakhulu. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile kakunconywa kakhulu, ukutshala kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ezingatshalwa kuphela maphakathi noJuni, hhayi ekuqaleni.
- E-Ukraine, izimo zicishe zifane nasendaweni eseningizimu. Ezifundeni ze-steppe, ama-landings angenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Isimo sezulu lapho sincane futhi sifudumele. Zitshalwe endaweni eyihlathi-steppe ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, nasendaweni yehlathi maphakathi noMeyi. Inketho ngezithombo yezithombo nayo ilungele yena, ngoba isimo sezulu sikhona kakhulu kunasendaweni ye-steppe.
Ukulungiselela izinhlamvu zamabele
Ngaphambi kokutshala okusanhlamvu, kufanele kulungiselelwe:
- Okokuqala, kukhethwe ngokucophelela, udinga ukunaka imbewu eningi kakhulu, akufanele ilinyazwe.
- Okulandelayo ukuhlolwa kokuhluma. Izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zifakwa ku-5% usawoti cishe imizuzu emi-5. Ezinye izinhlamvu zizocwila ziye phansi, zizo zonke ezifanele.
- Okulandelayo ukuhlanganisa. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela ezifweni. Kulokhu, kuthathwa isisombululo esikhethekile - i-pesticide ye-powder, i-hydrogen peroxide noma isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukufaka amagciwane imbewu, uyicwilise kuqala emanzini afudumele (ingabi ngaphezu kuka-+50 ° C), bese kubanda. Akudluli imizuzu engama-20.
Ukukhetha indawo ongatshala kuyo ummbila
Ngokuvamile, ummbila ungakhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi uthanda kakhulu umswakama. Ngakho-ke, kungcono uma inhlabathi izoyibamba kahle. Inhlabathi ekhethiwe ilungele kakhulu imbewu ekhulayo.
Indawo kufanele isishiswe kahle ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, okwandulelayo nabalandeli bommbila
Kungcono ukutshala ummbila lapho imifino yezimpande, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, iklabishi kanye namakhabe akhula khona ngaphambili.
Ngemuva kommbila, kuhle ukutshala i-dill, i-basil, i-sage, i-zucchini nama-beet.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ngommbila
Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele iqale ukulungiswa ekwindla. Bamba umhlabathi ube ngu-30 cm ngokujula, ngesikhathi esifanayo uletha umquba, uwuthambe ubambe umquba kuwo. Isicelo senziwa ngesilinganiso se-8 kg yomanyolo nge-1 sq / m.
Ukuze wandise ukumelana kwesitshalo ezikhathini ezomile, ama-microfertilizer akhethekile angeniswa enhlabathini. Ziqukethe i-molybdenum ne-zinc.
Ngemuva kwalokho, entwasahlobo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlaba kufanele uphathwe ngemithi yokubulala ukhula, uyadingeka ukuvimba ukubonakala kokhula. Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi iphinde yambiwa, kusetshenziswa umanyolo osuselwa ku-potassium, ngokubalwa kwe-20 g nge-1 sq / m.
Izithombo nezithombo zokukhulisa ummbila
Leli siko likhule ngokukhethekile ngosizo lwembewu. Enye indlela noma enye ilungele izifunda ezihlukile.
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo kuhlanganisa ukutshala imbewu kumakhasethi akhethekile anamaseli, noma emabhodweni we-peat. Ukugcwalisa amakhasethi kanye nezimbiza zomhlaba we-turf nge-humus ebolile.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa cishe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho kudinga ukuthi kuhlanganiswe kukalwe noma iphepha ephepheni lokushisa elingaphansi kwegumbi lokushisa.
Kwibhodwe elilodwa le-peat, kufakwa imbewu eyi-4, kanti esitokisini kuze kufike ku-2. Babekwa enhlabathini ukujula okungadluli ku-3 cm, khona-ke umhlaba u-oswidi ngesisombululo seFundazole ngesilinganiso se-4 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Emva kwalokho, amabhodwe namakhasethi kubekwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle yilanga.
Ukutshala izithombo zommbila
Izithombo zivame ukukhula kancane. Kunconywa ukuhlela ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela. Ngalezi zinhloso, isibani se-phytolamp noma i-fluorescent siphelele.
Isikhathi esingu-1 kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-Polyfid (umanyolo oncibilika ngokuphelele emanzini awunayo i-sodium ne chlorine).
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amaningana, shiya kuphela imbewu eyodwa esitokisini, enamandla kakhulu. Kumabhodwe we-peat, sinciphise inani laso libe ngu-2. Ukusheshisa kwendawo kuyabonakala ngemuva kokuqalwa kwamaqabunga.
Lapho kusele isonto kuphela ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, kuyadingeka ukuqala ukufudumeza amahlumela, uthathe izithombo zibe ngumthunzi emoyeni ovulekile. Udinga ukuqala ngemizuzu eyi-10 ngosuku.
Ukutshala izithombo zommbila emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukufakelwa kwempahla kuyenziwa lapho usongo lweqhwa ludlula. Ngokwesilinganiso, iqala maphakathi no-Meyi, inhlabathi isomile futhi yafudumala yanele.
Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-0, lokhu kuzoholela ekumeni ngokuphelele ekukhuleni kwezithombo, futhi maduze ekufeni kwayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela imbewu yommbila ngqo enhlabathini
Ukutshala imbewu kufanele kube kulungiselelwe kuphela enhlabathini efanelekile. Kufanele ithuthukiswe ngomanyolo, iphathwe ukhula.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukumaka okukhethekile kwenziwa kusayithi. Ibeka nezindawo ezokwembiwa esikhathini esizayo lapho izimbiwa zizimbiwa. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwabo kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-70 cm, kanti ukujula komgodi kumele kube okungenani amasentimitha ayi-9. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amasistimu ezimpande zezithombo angahlangani, ngaleyo ndlela kungaphazamiseki ukukhula ngakunye.
Izici Zokukhathalela Ummbila
Ummbila udinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela, ukuthambisa okungapheli, ukhula, ukugqoka okuphezulu nokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unganakwa, ukulimala kungadalwa hhayi emasikweni kuphela, kepha nasemhlabathini, okuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwawo. Sizohlaziya izici ezibalulekile ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukunisela
Isiko likuthanda kakhulu umswakama, kepha ukuwudlulisa ngokunisela nakho akudingekile. Emhlabathini ogcwele amanzi, izimpande zizoqala ukufa, okuzoholela ekumeni ekukhuleni nasekufeni kwesitshalo. Umswakama kumele ungabi ngaphezu kwama-75%. Isitshalo esisodwa kufanele okungenani sibe namalitha amanzi ayi-1.5.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuba namanzi ahlelekile, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi njalo.
Isixazululo esilula kulolu hlelo uhlelo lokunisela olwe-Drip, lungonga kakhulu amanzi, futhi amaconsi ngasikhathi sinye angene ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukufaka umquba kufanele kube njalo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ezizweni zonke.
Kodwa-ke, uma izakhi ezithile, ezinjenge-manganese, zingekho emhlabathini, kufanele zengezwe.
Izifo nezinambuzane zommbila
Njengokuvimbela ukubukeka kwezifo ezahlukahlukene, kunconywa ukuthi uqaphe inhlabathi ngokucophelela futhi uyihlaziye njalo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni, faka umquba ukuze uzinzise inhlabathi. Okusanhlamvu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele kucutshungulwe ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho ekhonjisiwe ngenhla.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zommbila yi-bladder smut, fusarium nokubola okubomvu. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zalesi sifo (i-plaque emaqabungeni, ukubukeka kokubola, iphunga elixakile), kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa lo mfanekiso othintekayo bese usicekela phansi. Le yindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivikela izitshalo ezinempilo ezifweni.
Umhlali wasehlobo uyeluleka: imithetho yokuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kommbila
Ukuvuthwa kommbila kuhlukaniswe izigaba eziningana: ubisi - okusanhlamvu kuthambile, amaqabunga kunzima ukuwahlukanisa, kumnyama amathiphu wokwethuka, ukuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo - amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, okusanhlamvu kungololintshi.
Ukuqoqa kumele kwenziwe esikhathini sobisi noma kwebhayoloji. Uma kufanele udle okusha, kuyadingeka ukuvuna esiteji sobisi. Kokunye ukusetshenziswa, ukuvuthwa kwezinto eziphilayo zesitshalo kufanelekile.
Kufanelekile ukuqoqa ngokucophelela, uphule ezansi, kuqala lezo ezisondele ngaphezulu. Ummbila ugcinwa egumbini elomile, egqumeni. Kunconywe kunama-mesh, izikhwama ezimisiwe.
