I-Celery isitshalo esinempilo, futhi kuya ngezinhlobo, izimpande zayo, amaqabunga noma ama-petioles ayadliwa. Umkhiqizo owaziwa yindawo yonke usetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha nokudla okudla ngokudla. Ukushiya akukho nzima ngisho nakubalimi abaqalayo, ngakho-ke isiko lithandwa kakhulu kubahlali basehlobo abaphakathi kweRussia.
Izinhlobo zelendele nokutshala kwazo
Isitshalo se-herbaceous esihlala njalo somndeni we-Umbrella sinephunga elimnandi elikhanyayo nokunambitheka okungajwayelekile. Izwe lakubo litholakala eMedithera, kepha namuhla udlame lukhula yonke indawo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu:
- Isiqu noma i-petiole ihlukaniswa ubude besikhathi sokugcina kanye nezindawo eziwusizo. Kuboniswa amahlumela agqamile wesaladi okhanyayo, umbala oluhlaza okotshani, ohlukahluka ngenxa yendlela yokulima, izinhlobo azihlangene ngalutho nazo. Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola ngisho neziqu ezimhlophe ngezitshalo ezinhle ezinempilo, uma uzifafaza njalo nomhlaba.
- Iqabunga likaCelery lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Ikhula lonke ihlobo nokwindla, inokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga eliqhakazile. Kunzima ukucabanga ukongiwa ngaphandle kokuluhlaza kwaso.
- Umsuka udliwa ungavuthiwe futhi udliwe. Kusetshenziswa esikhundleni samazambane ekulungiseleleni izifundo zokuqala zokudla. Kumasaladi, ahlanganiswe ne-apula, izaqathi.
Ngokuya kokuncamelayo, ungatshala uhlobo olulodwa lwesitshalo noma eziningana.
Izinsuku zokutshala kukaCelery
I-Celery ingatshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kuya ngendlela. Izithombo zidluliselwa enhlabathini lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-15 cm futhi inamaqabunga angama-4-5. Imbewu ilungiselelwe kusuka ekwindla. Kwatshalwa izinto ebusika, ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi sonyaka kube lula ukunakekela izitshalo. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho basathanda ukukhulisa imbewu ekhaya, ukuze bathole isivuno esiphakeme. Izitshalo ezenziwa izimpande zitshalwa kuphela ngezithombo.
Inyanga yokutshala enhlabathini ngqo incike esifundeni. Ukusondela eSiberia, izitshalo ziyatshalwa kamuva. Isibonelo, kuma-Urals - ngoMeyi, ekuqaleni kukaJuni; emadolobheni aphansi - Ephreli, Meyi.
Isidingo esiyinhloko sezimo zezulu ukushisa okungaguquki kwe-1010 C, ukungabikho kwamaqhwa.
Ngokwekhalenda lenyanga, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sitshaliwe: izithombo zezimpande - Ephreli 26-30, Meyi 1-4; imbewu nezithombo zeqabunga ne-petiole - Meyi 8-10, Meyi 14-17.
Indawo
Njengoba unikezwe ukuthi izwe lokuhlala isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi eningizimu, qonda ukuthi udinga ilanga eliningi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukukhetha indawo ongayitshala, nikeza indawo ongayithanda ezindaweni ezifudumele nezikhanya ngokukhanyayo, kude nezihlahla nezakhiwo.
Imibhede ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Umhlaba wembiwa waqothula ukhula kanye nemfucumfucu yezitshalo. Thela Peat noma humus bese ushiye kuze entwasahlobo.
Utshani obumnandi buyisivikelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinambuzane, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuwutshala eceleni kweklabishi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ubhontshisi, ulethisi weqabunga. Umakhelwane onjalo uzosiza ukukhulisa nokugcina isivuno, futhi i-celery ayilimazi nakancane. Ngamazambane, i-parsley kanye nezaqathe, kunalokho, akunconywa ukukuhlanganisa emibhedeni.
Indlela yezithombo yokukhula
Ukuze uthole izithombo, kufanele ukhethe imbewu. Isiko alimilwanga kakhulu, ngoba liqukethe inani elikhulu lamafutha zemifino avimbela ukuvuvukala. Izinto zokutshala zithengwa ngobuningi, kufanelekile ukunaka impilo yeshalofu yomkhiqizo, kusukela eminyakeni emi-2 emva komhlangano, ukuhluma kusanciphile.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iyalungiswa, igezwe kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate (i-pink tint ewuketshezi). Ngemuva kokugcotshwa amahora amabili, impahla isatshalaliswa ngendwangu emanzi noma epanini, eligoqiwe bese idluliselwa endaweni eyomile efudumele. Ukwandisa ukuhluma, izithasiselo zokukhula noma ijusi ye-aloe yengezwa emanzini, amaconsi ambalwa. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakha izimo ezedlulele ngokufaka isikhwama sembewu emanzini ashisayo noma abandayo.
Inhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswa ngokuzimela noma ithengwe esitolo. Ngokuxuba okuzimele uzodinga isihlabathi, i-peat, humus kanye nomhlaba wonkana ngokulinganayo. Ngemuva kokuxuba i-substrate, kuyabiwa, kufudunyezwe kuhhavini noma kufrithwe ukubulala amagciwane. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi luthambisa ngokufafaza ngesibhamu sokufafaza.
Sakaza ngokulinganayo imbewu ngaphezulu, ukuyifafaza kancane nge-peat noma ngesihlabathi. Ngemuva kokujulisa izitshalo futhi, zimboze ngengilazi noma ngefilimu ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, qiniseka ukuthi ingaphezulu lomhlaba limanzi.
Emavikini ama-2, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu, amabhokisi enezithombo zesikhathi esizayo agcinwa ebumnyameni futhi efudumele. Izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-18 ... +20 ° С. Lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, iziqukathi zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyayo, ukugoqa kuyasuswa bese izinga lokushisa lehliswa ngamazinga athile. Ebusuku, ungakwehlisela ku + 10 ... +12 ° C. Ngokwezinhlobonhlobo zezimpande, umbuso wokushisa ubalulekile, uma ungawubeki, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi siyoqhakaza, futhi lokhu ngeke kuvunyelwe Amahora okukhanya kosuku okungenani amahora ayi-10, ngakho-ke uma kunesidingo, uzodinga ukuxhuma izibani zokwenziwa.
Lapho izitshalo ezincane zakha amaqabunga amabili agcwele esiqwini sethenda esondelana, ungangena ungene ezitshalweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha umhlaba ofanayo, ungeze umlotha omncane wezinkuni kuwo, ulale ezitsheni ezihlukile. Kudluliselwa esitsheni eceleni kwesihlumela, kunciphise impande esemqoka yokuthuthuka kwayo (kuphela nge-petiole neqabunga).
Ukunisela izithombo kuyadingeka ngokulinganisela. Inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela iyakhululwa ukuze uqweqwe lungabi. Emavikini lamabili ngemuva kokutshala, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi sidla ngamalungiselelo akhethekile wokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimo zokudla.
Inyanga yokuqala nesigamu, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuncishisiwe, ngokuntuleka kokukhanya amahlumela welulela phezulu, okuyinto engamukeleki. Amacembe angama-25 cm ukuphakama futhi abe namaqabunga angama-4-5 agcwele ukulungele ngokuphelele ukutshala emhlabathini. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngendlela yesikhathi, khona-ke maphakathi noMeyi izithombo sezikulungele. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi siqiniswa kanzima, sithatha isikhashana umgwaqo sithathe umgwaqo bese sikhulisa kancane isikhathi esichithwa ngaphandle.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala izithombo akwenzeki ngokushesha. Isikhathi esithile igcinwa endaweni enomthunzi emgwaqweni. Kuphela lapho kuvela amaqabunga ayi-6 lapho i-celery idluliselwa emhlabathini.
Uma ukuthathwa kokuqala akukwenziwanga, kwenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokwehla. Lokhu kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ofakwe kahle ngesigaxa samanzi, izithombo ziyakhishwa, zihlukanise ngokucophelela izimpande.
Isakhiwo esilungiselelwe ekwindla kombhede wengadi siyakhululwa ngokucophelela bese kutshalwa izithombo, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ngokulandelayo:
- Umsuka - kude kwe-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, uqaphela ukuhlukaniswa komugqa wamamitha angu-0.4.
- I-Petiole - etshalwe ekujuleni kuka-6 cm, ngokulandelana ishiya ama-20 cm ohlangothini ngalunye, phakathi kwemigqa engu-0.3 m.
- I-Leaf - 10 cm ukujula, akudingekile ukugcina ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo.
Lapho usujule kakhulu umila, isiza sokutshala sicindezelwa futhi siphuziswe kakhulu.
Ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma kungekho izithombo noma ukungathandi ukukhonkotha ngezitshalo ezincane feza ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwenzeka ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Uma umbhede ungavundelwanga, ulungiselele: umgaye, uwuhlanze udoti nokhula, wethule umanyolo. Akudingekile ukulungiselela imbewu njengezithombo, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhetha imbewu entsha, mhlawumbe kulo nyaka. Ngemuva kokujulisa imbewu ngo-2 cm, amboze leyo ndawo ngefilimu. Lapho bekhetha indawo, bahambisana nezidingo ezidingekayo zesitshalo: ukukhanya okuhle kanye nomswakama wenhlabathi.
Kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela kakhulu ebusika, imbewu eningi ngeke ihlume, futhi kulula ukunqamula ngokweqile entwasahlobo.
Izinzuzo zalesi zokutshala zibandakanya iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo imifino entsha izovela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubungozi bukhulu kakhulu. Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho ehlobo bayelulekwa ukuba bayidlale iphephile futhi nokho bakhule izithombo.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zezilwane, khona-ke ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa seqabaka. Kuvame ukuvela ngemuva kobusika obude.
Ukunakekelwa Kweselekisi Kwangaphandle
Izinhlobo ngayinye yezitshalo idinga uhlobo lokunakekelwa:
- Umsuka - wesaba ukhula olukhula ngokushesha futhi luphazamise izithombo. Bancoma ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukhula. Udinga ukondla isitshalo amahlandla amathathu, okokuqala emavikini amabili emva kokutshala. Kamuva, lapho iziqu ziqala ukukhula ngentshiseko, zizokhiqiza ngokuvama. Isikhathi sokugcina - phezu kokumiswa kwesitshalo sezimpande esikhathini sokuqala.
- I-Petiole - kufanele itshalwe ngokufanele. Emibhedeni elungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla, bakha amabheshi angama-30 cm, beshiya amamitha angama-0.4 phakathi kwemigqa. Gcwalisa imithombo ngomanyolo. Ama -cheske aklanyelwe ukumboza ama-petioles ukuze amhlophe futhi angabi bukhali. Kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile ezifuywayo ezingadingi i-hilling, kepha azinambitheki kangako futhi zesaba ukubanda. Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngemuva konyaka. Izindebe zimbozwe ukukhula njengoba zikhula, ziqaphe ngokucophelela umswakama wenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe. Lapho ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-30 cm, amahlumela aboshwe ngobuningi ezixenyeni, aboshwe ngephepha elimnyama, kusale izihloko kuphela ezinamaqabunga ebusweni.
- I-Leaf - izinhlobo ezingathobeki kakhulu. Udinga ukuchelela ngesikhathi, ukhula nokukhula. Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokuqhuma ngemuva kokunisela, utshani obomile bubekwa phansi, ebangeni elincane ukusuka enkabeni yesihlahla, ukuze ukukhula kungavumi.
Izifo zeCelery kanye nezinambuzane
Isitshalo emibhedeni asivikelekile ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi siqaphe ngokucophelela isivuno, sithathe izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi lapho kutholakala khona izinkinga.
Inkinga | Izimpawu Nezimbangela | Izinyathelo zokulungisa |
| Ukugqwala | Amabala amancane wombala onsundu obomvu, asabalale ebusweni bamaqabunga kanye ne-petioles. Kancane kancane izindawo ezithintekile zoma. | Njengendlela yokwelapha, ukufafaza indawo ngeFitosporin-M ekugxilweni kwe-4-5 mg ilitha lamanzi ngalinye kuyasetshenziswa. Umuthi omningi ngeke udingeke ku-1 sq. Km. m 100 kuphela i-100 ml edingekayo. Isixazululo. |
| Septhemba | Esimweni sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama, amabala aphuzi anama-midpoints amhlophe avela ezitshalweni ezinsukwini zokugcina zehlobo. On the ngeziqu kukhona brown izilonda ecindezelekile. | Ukwelashwa kweTopsin-M neFundazole kuyenziwa. Le mishanguzo inobuthi, ngakho-ke imiswa izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna. |
| Isifo sofuba | Isibonakaliso salesi sifo yizindawo ezikhanyayo ezinomdaka o-brown ngaphezulu kweqabunga, ezimeni eziphambili i-petioles embozwe ngengubo ebubende. | |
| Downy isikhutha | Ngamaconsi okushisa anamandla namazolo abandayo ekuseni, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi simbozwe ngumbala omhlophe we-cobwebbed, njengoba isimo siba sibi, kuvela ifilimu enamachashaza amnyama. | Iphathwa ngokufafaza nge ukumnika we thistle lwensimu. Umuthi ulungiswa kanjena: Amagremu angama-300 esiko elichotshoziwe athululelwa engxenyeni yebhakede lamanzi futhi avunyelwe ukuma amahora angu-8. |
| Ikhukhamba mosaic | Leli gciwane lithwalwa yizilokazane, ama-aphid kanye nemikhaza. Kuvela izithombo noma izindandatho ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu esitshalweni. | Lapho kutholakala izimpawu, izihlahla ziyachithwa. Lesi sifo aselapheki. |
| IBorsch indiza | Isidakamizwa esiyingozi kunazo zonke ngoMeyi, siyandiza ukwenza umiyane ngaphansi kwesikhumba samaqabunga. Kulokhu, amafomu eshubhu. Izibungu zidla imigudu emide ngaphakathi kwehlumela ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, zizenze zibe munyu futhi ziqhume. | Ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikelwa impukane u-anyanisi otshalwe endaweni yendlela. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kunconyelwa ukubheka ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka kwemibhede. |
| Carrot ukundiza | Ufaka inzalo ngaphansi kwezimpande. Izibungu zidla imifino namahlumela, izimpande namaqabunga. | Amabhishi athintekile nezitshalo ezingomakhelwane ziphatha izikhala ngengxube yesihlabathi, lwesinaphi owomile nothuli lukagwayi, kuhlanganiswe ngokulingana. |
| Bean aphid | Iyingozi isivuno, iphuza amaqabunga amaqabunga ezitshalo, kanti yona iyithwali yezifo. | Fafaza nge-decoction yeziqongo zamazambane, utamatisi noma i-dandelion. Ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwamanzi we-citrus peel ngesilinganiso se-10: 1. Hlala endaweni emnyama izinsuku ezingama-2-3, bese ufafaza izihlahla ezithinteka ngama-aphid. Njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze indawo yokhula kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. |
UMnu Dachnik weluleka: ukuthi ungasusa futhi usilondoloze kanjani isitshalo sokusanhlamvu
Uhlobo ngalunye lokuvuthwa kukalantshi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi udinga ukuvuna ngokufanele:
- Isiqu - esivunwa ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, bese sikhetha ukwahlukanisa izithandani ezimbalwa zonyaka phakathi nehlobo.
- Impande - udinga ukugaya izithombo zezimpande ngaphambi kwesithwathwa. Ukukhula kuyaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla, ngakho-ke ukuthamba nokudla okuyingxenye yesitshalo kuvunyelwe. Bumba izitshalo ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
- I-Leafy - imifino iyaphuka, izihlahla ayithinti impilo yezitshalo kahle. Izimpande zakho zivunwa, bese kuthi isiqu esikhulu somile sithunyelwe ukuze sigcinwe.
