Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries ingadi, udinga ukuzijwayeza nazo zonke izinambuzane ezingadla iberry. Lokhu kuzosiza ekwenzeni izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngokuphumelelayo nangesikhathi futhi kuzoqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu.
Amapulangwe
Cabanga ngezinhlobo zemikhaza engabonwa embhedeni, izici eziyinhloko ezicacisa inkathazo kwi-strawberries, nezindlela zokubhekana nazo.
Strawberry Mite
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke ze-strawberries yi-mite ye-strawberry. Akunakwenzeka ukumbona ngamehlo, ngoba lifinyelela ku-0.2 mm ubude. Kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwayo, i-strawberry mite ihlala emaqenjini amancane esitshalo, idla ijusi layo. I-mite ikhathaza kakhulu ama-strawberries engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo. Umkhaza ubangela ukulimala hhayi kuphela ekuvuneni konyaka wamanje, kepha nangesikhathi esizayo, njengoba kuphazamisa ukwakheka kwemifino yemifino ekupheleni kwehlobo.
Yiziphi izibonakaliso esingazibona ukuthi izitshalo zazihlaselwa yi-strawberry mite? Okokuqala, isivuno se-strawberries sinciphise kakhulu, amaqabunga ahluma, athola umthunzi ophuzi omanzi, futhi afe. Okwesibili, izitshalo ezingaphezu kwe-overwinter futhi zingase zife.
Ukulwa kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Okokuqala udinga ukususa wonke amaqabunga owomile ebhedeni futhi ngemuva kokungena ekufakeni i-disinfection uwafake emquba. Lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lezilokazane. Okulandelayo, ungaqhuba ukwelashwa kokushisa. Ehlathini ngalinye, udinga ukuthulula ama-0.5 amalitha amanzi ashisayo ku-80 ° C. Emva kwalokhu, izitshalo zidinga ukupaka nokudla. Futhi ngokuphumelelayo ngokumelene nesitrobheli mite ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-70% se-colloidal sulfur. Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngekhefu lamasonto amabili: ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqabunga, ngaphambi kokusila, ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamajikijolo.
Ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sishiye emhlabeni singaphathwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-Bordeaux utshwala. Lokhu kuzosiza ekulwa nemikhakha kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukwelashwa kwamadoda ekulweni nosrobberry mite basho ukukhipha ukumnika kwe-anyanisi ikhasi noma i-decoction ye-garlic. Kungcono ukuphatha lesi sitshalo nge-pesticides ngemuva kokuvuna noma entwasahlobo, ngokubonakala kwamahlamvu okuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa i- "Fufanon", "Kemifos", "Aktellik" ngokwemiyalo. Yidla amajikijolo kungakapheli inyanga emva kokucubungulwa kwamakhemikhali.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ukulimala komkhaza kukhula ngokwendlela yokusebenzisa imibhede, indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nemikhaza ukufakelwa ama-strawberries endaweni entsha. Ukufakelwa kabusha kumele kusetshenziswe izinto zokutshala okunempilo. Ukubuyisa ama-strawberries endaweni endala kungabi khona ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-4.
Khetha izithombo eziphikisana nezinhlobo eziphazamisayo: "Omsk ekuqaleni", "Vityaz", "Zarya", "Zeng-Zengana", "Torpedo".
Isibungu se-spider
Uma amaqabunga ama-strawberries egcwele ama-cobwebs futhi ephuzi, lokhu kubonisa ukunqotshwa kwezitshalo ezinambuzane zesicabucabu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka emva kokuvuna. Ukulwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane - izidakamizwa ezilwa nemikhaza kwi-strawberries: "Vermitek", "Fitoverm", "Aktofit". Izidakamizwa azikwazi ukubulala amaqanda omkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefle izitshalo izikhathi eziningana ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili.
Ngokunqotshwa okukhulu kwesitshalo ngomuthi, kubalulekile ukugaya nokubhubhisa amaqabunga anegciwane. Le nqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Okulandelayo, umbhede uphelelwa kahle futhi udliwe ezitshalweni kunesikhathi sokudala umqhele ngaphambi kokuqala kwebanda.
I-beetle ye-strawberry leaf
I-strawberry leaf beetle iyinkimbinkimbi encane ephuzi elibomvu elingaba ngu-3-4 mm, elilimaza amaqabunga, okungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ukulimala kulethwa yizibungu nezibungu. Izinyosi zibopha izimbobo maphakathi neshidi kanye nasemaphethelweni, udle u-pulp ngezindima eziphefumulayo. Izimpungushe zigwaza ngefasitela kusukela ngaphansi kweqabunga. Ukukhiqizwa okugxile kule nkathazo kubonakala.
Izindlela zokulawula zisekelwe ekukhuliseni inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ekupheleni kwe-strawberry fruiting kanye nokwelapha izinambuzane entwasahlobo.
Strawberry Nematode
I-nematode iyinambuzane encane enebude obu-1 mm nxazonke, emhlophe noma emhlophe ngombala. Nge-forceps esemlonyeni we-nematode, ihambisana neziqu noma izimpande zezitshalo bese igawula into eyenza isitshalo ibe ngumkhiqizo wokudla kalula. I-Nematode abesifazane ayifuni amaqanda, futhi, afakwe esitshalweni, enza ama-cysts. Kwelinye i-cysts kuze kufike kumaqanda angu-1000.
Ukusinda ku-cyst kuphezulu kakhulu. Abesabi ngamakhemikhali noma ezinye izimo ezimbi. Iminyaka embalwa, ama-cysts angalinda emhlabathini ukuze kube nezimo ezinhle zokuzala.
Ukuqaphela i-nematode esiteji sokuqala cishe akunakwenzeka. Kancane kancane kuthinta izitshalo nenhlabathi, futhi lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwekhwalithi yesitshalo.
Ziyini izimpawu eziqaphela i-nematode kwi-strawberries? Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela izimpande namaqabunga esihlahla, ukutholakala kwama-cysts ezimpandeni ezibonakala ngamachashazi amancane amancane, ukukhula okusheshayo kwesitshalo, ukuphikisana kwamahlamvu kanye nokuqina kwe-veining yayo, ifomu elingafanelekile lamajikijolo.
Ukulwa nematode kuyinkqubo ende futhi kuhilela indlela ehlanganisiwe.
Uyazi? Ososayensi bathi i-nematode iyingozi ezitshalweni uma inani lezibungu lingaphezu kwabantu abangu-1000 nge-100 cm3. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba ushintshe ngezikhathi ezithile indawo yokutshala ama-strawberries.
Ukuphumelela ukulwa ne-nematode, kubalulekile ukuyiqala esiteji sokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha izithombo ezinempilo futhi ngaphambi kokutshala uphathwe ngesisombululo se "Parationa" noma "Fosdrina". Izimpande zalesi sitshalo zibhapathizwa kwisisombululo samakhemikhali sokuhlushwa okudingekayo emaminithini angu-10-15, insimu egezwa ngamanzi asebenzayo.
Ungaphinda futhi usebenzise ngokuphumelelayo ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo zibhapathizwa emanzini ashisayo (cishe ama-50 ° C) imizuzu engu-10, bese kuthi emanzini abandayo, emva kwalokho atshalwe phansi.
Nematode wesaba ukhunta. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi ngomquba, okwenza ukuba kuthuthukiswe isikhunta esiphephile kubantu futhi kuyingozi kuma-nematodes. Kunezitshalo ezisiza ukulwa nematode. Kumele ukuba itshalwe eduze kwehlathini lama-strawberries. Lezi zihlanganisa marigold, calendula, rudbeckia, njll.
Ungabeki imibhede. Ukwehlisa i-timely kanye nomanyolo ngesikhathi esifanele kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani lemithi ye-nematodes emhlabathini.
Amalungiselelo anjalo avela ku-nematodes: Oksikor, Fundazol, Fitoverm, Skor, njll kubhekiselwa kumakhemikhali okumele alwe nezitshalo ezithintekayo.
Strawberry okusajingijolo weevil
I-weevil ye-raspberry e-Strawberry iyinambuzane eyingozi. Kungabhubhisa kuze kufike ku-90% yesitshalo se-strawberries. Lena ibhungane elimnyama, ubude buka-2-3 cm, ne-vertiginum ende enezintuthwane. Okokuqala, izibungu zisebenzisa amaqabunga entwasahlobo asempumalanga ngenxa yokudla kwazo, izimbobo zokugaya kuwo, ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela amahlumela, izimbali zidla ama-anthers esitshalo. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, owesifazane ugoqa ihlumela le-strawberry futhi ubeka iqanda. UBud ukhalela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi uwa phansi.
Uyazi? I-weevil yesifazane ibeka amaqanda angama-50. Njengoba i-weevil ishaya ama-strawberries kuqala, bese kuthiwa ama-raspberries, kubalulekile ukutshala lezi zitshalo ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye.
I weevil larva on strawberries ingabonakala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Khona-ke izibungu ziphenduka i-pupa, futhi emva kwamasonto amathathu zibe yi-beetle.
Ukulimala kulethwa yizibungu kanye nezibungu ze-weevil. Kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ze-strawberries, ukubhujiswa kwefihlekile ngesikhathi se-egg-laying. Ziyini izimpawu zokuvela kwe-weevil embhedeni wama-strawberries? Lawa ama-punctures amancane amahlamvu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umonakalo kanye nokomiswa kwamafihlekile kanye nokutholakala kwezibungu ngaphakathi kwazo.
Izindlela zokwenza izindlela zokusebenzisana ne-weevil zihlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwamahlamvu kanye namafihlethi awilekile nokuzulazula izidakamizwa kwifilimu, kanye nokumbumba kwekwindla ngaphansi kwenhlabathi. Ukufafaza izitshalo nge-decoctions ye-pepper eshisayo, i-tansy, isobho lokuhlanza kanye nesinaphi, u-anyanisi, ne-celandine ziphakathi kwezindlela ezithandwayo zokulwa. Yethusa ama-weevil marigolds, marigolds, nasturtium ne-garlic. Ngakho-ke, bangaba umakhelwane omuhle embhedeni wama-strawberries.
Izinqubo zamakhemikhali zihlanganisa uFufanon-Nova, iKemifos, Iskra-M, Novoaktion. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuhluma ngokusho kwemiyalelo.
I-Cruciferous flea
I-Cruciferous flea - ama-bugs amancane amnyama, athola igama lawo egameni lomndeni wesiphambano, okungukuthi, lezo zitshalo abasebenzisa njengokudla. Lezi zifaka iklabishi, isithombo, i-turnip, i-rutabaga, isithombo, i-horseradish, njll. Ukukhuphuka ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa selifinyelele ku-15 ° C, futhi liqala ukudla amaqabunga amancane. Umzabalazo kufanele uqale ngokushesha, ngoba badinga usuku olulodwa noma amabili ukukhipha izitshalo ngokuphelele.
Izinhlanzi azifani nemvelo emanzi. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ezincane kufanele ziphuze kakhulu. Okunye okusebenzayo yi-pollination eyomile yamaqabunga nama-aisles ngenhlanganisela yokhuni lomlotha kanye ne-lime ngo-1: 1 isilinganiso, ingxube yomlotha nokuthuza ugwayi, noma ingxube yomlotha nomhlabathi ongcolile.
Kubalulekile! Kulula ukubamba izibhungane eziyisikhukhula ngosizo lwezicupho, okuyizingcezu zendwangu ezifakwe emafutheni asetshenzisiwe. Indwangu kufanele isakazwe phakathi kwemibhede ibanga lamamitha angu-4.
Akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana nezitshalo eziphikisayo izinhlanzi ngephunga layo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-dill, amazambane, i-garlic, utamatisi, i-coriander, i-marigold, i-calendula, njll.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yikhemikhali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phatha izitshalo ngekhambi lezinambuzane. Ukuphalaza kuhle kakhulu okwenziwe kusihlwa lapho ihlumela lihlezi emaqabunga.
I-Nutcracker emnyama (i-Wireworm)
I-nutcracker emnyama yi-beetle engu-15-16 mm ubude, obomvu noma obumnyama ngombala. Uma uvula umhlane, wenza umsindo ngendlela yokuchofoza, yingakho ibizwa igama layo. Ukulimala kwama-strawberries kanye nezitshalo zemifino akulethwa yizinyosi, kodwa ngama-larvae - ukulibala. Unesibhakabhaka esiqinile esimhlophe, esifana netambo. I-hotbed esemqoka yokulibazisa yizindawo ezigcwele utshani. Ukuncishiswa yizinambuzane ezinomsoco onothando futhi ungabeki ukubekezela emhlabathini.
Imibhede ye-strawberries, lapho izibungu ze-clicker zivame ukutholakala khona, ngokuvamile zigcwele ukhula futhi zinganakiwe. Izimpungushe ziqoqa izimpande ze-strawberry futhi zibuthakathaka kakhulu ezihlahleni.
Cabanga izindlela zokubhekana ne-wireworm. I-wireworm ayithandi izitshalo ezifana nesinaphi, ukudlwengulwa, isithombo sesiphuzo samafutha, ubhontshisi omnyama, ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi, i-peas, nejusi le-marigold unobuthi kuwo. Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela lezi zitshalo esakhiweni, futhi ucingo luzoshiya. Akayithandi imvelo ye-alkaline ne-neutral, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi wengeze umlotha noma ikhasi le-anyanisi emhlabathini.
Uma inhlabathi iyasebenza, kubalulekile ukuqhuba i-liming. Ukuze ama-strawberries ahlomile okuvela kumazambane. Amazambane aqoshiwe kumele angcwatshwe emaphethelweni emibhede ezindaweni eziningana. Ama-wireworms azokhamba ngezinhlanzi futhi ashiye ama-strawberry kuphela. Ukulinda zonke izinsuku ezintathu, hlola futhi ubhubhise izibungu ezihlangene lapho. Njengoba i-wireworm ithanda ukolweni utshani, kubalulekile ukuqeda le nokhula emibhedeni engadini. Emakhemikhali asetshenziselwa izinambuzane "Barguzin", "Pochin", "Provotoks" ngokwemiyalo.
Aphid
Wonke umuntu otshale izitshalo nokuzinakekela ujwayele ama-aphid. Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza noma ezimnyama ezondla isitshalo sesitshalo zinesikhathi sokungcolisa hhayi kuphela ama-strawberries, kodwa nazo zonke amahlumela amancane noma amaqabunga ezitshalo. Ama-aphid ama-strawberries avame ukugxila ngemuva kweqabunga.
Ihlanganisa amaqabunga amancane futhi iwafake ngamanzi anamanzi - i-paddy. Amaqabunga abathintekile anama-curl futhi ayomile, amafihlekile awavuli futhi izithelo azivezi. Ukulwa nama-aphid kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Uma amajikijolo esitshalo esivele evele avele, khona-ke ukuvikelwa kwama-strawberry kusuka ezinambuzane kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa amakhambi abantu.
Lezi zihlanganisa ukufiphala ngamanzi asosi (2 izindebe zamanzi, i-2 tsp. Isosi elimanzi), ukumnika amaqabunga e-utamatisi (2 izinkomishi zamaqabunga aqoshiwe ukuze kufakaze izinkomishi ezimbili zamanzi), ukumnika i-garlic (ama-clove ama-garlic amahlanu, ama-2 tsp. amafutha, 2 izibuko zamanzi, i-1 tsp. isobho elimanzi), ukuqhuma kwezinambuzane ngamanzi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nezitshalo eziphikisa ama-aphid. Lokhu kufaka u-anyanisi, i-garlic, i-chamomile i-Dalmatian.
Uyazi? I-Nasturtium, kosmeya, i-poppy, i-mallow, i-begonias, i-viburnum, i-Lindind yizinkanuko ezizithandayo ze-aphid, ngakho faka imibhede ngama-strawberries ebangeni elilingene kubo.
Kwezindlela eziphilayo zokubhekana nama-aphid kungaba yi-ladybugs ne-eye-eyed. Ukusebenzisa usizo lwamakhemikhali kusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinambuzane "Aktara", "Phytoferm", "Fufanon" ngokwemiyalo.
Bib penny
Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ama-peduncles emaqabunga ama-strawberries avela ama-foam. Ngaphansi kobuciko isilwane esincane esinenhloko ekhuni futhi umsila omncane, ohamba ngokunyakaza, unamathele amaqabunga amancane abe yiqabunga lama-strawberries futhi uncelise isitshalo sesitshalo. Lokhu yisibungu se-afroforida, kanti isikhumba se-foam sivikela ngokuvikela izinambuzane ezisendle.
Ngenxa yokuvezwa kwipenicature, amaqabunga aphikisana, futhi ama-ovari akwazi ukuthuthukiswa. Kulula ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane: kubalulekile ukuba ufeze ibhola ngalinye le-foam ngomlotha, futhi izibungu zizofa.
Slugs
I-Garden slug kwi-strawberry ayithathi nje kuphela isethulo samajikijolo, kodwa futhi ishiya umkhondo we-mucus kuwo. Njengoba ama-slugs asemini, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwabona phakathi nosuku ensimini. Into eyingozi kunazo zonke ukuthi ukuthi ama-slugs ayizimpikiswano eziphakathi phakathi kwezibungu eziphazamisayo ezibangela izifo zamathumbu ezilwaneni nasezilwaneni.
Ungakwazi ukulwa nezinambuzane ngosizo lomlotha. Ukusebenzisa isihlungo, sisebenzise ngendwangu encane emasimini e-strawberry, futhi ama-slugs ayathinti. Futhi nxazonke zombhede wensimu ofafazwe nge-sawdust noma izitshalo ezifuthiwe nge-brine. Ibuye isebenze ngokumelene ne-slugs.
May Western Hrusch
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke ama-strawberries yizimpungushe zaseMaybot. Lezi yizibungu ezimhlophe eziphuzi ezimhlophe, ezigobile nge-crescent, ngezinye izikhathi zihlangana lapho zimba phansi. Lapho esemncane, badla ama-humus, futhi emva kweminyaka engu-2-3 - izimpande zezitshalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-strawberries, ama-strawberries angabokudla okuthandayo. Kubalulekile ukulwa nabo ngendlela ephelele.
Ezindaweni ezithathelwanayo noma ezisanda kuthuthukiswa, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela izitshalo ezingavumi ukubekezelela izibungu ezinesihlungu: lupine, marigold, ukugwedla, ukudlwengula, bese ubemba. Umquba nemifucumfucu yezinyosi zidinga ukwesula ngesikhathi seqhwa, khona-ke izibungu zizofa.
Imibhede ehlelwe ama-strawberries kumele aphathwe ngamanzi e-ammonia ngo-Ephreli-Meyi futhi agcine eshisa futhi ehlanza ukhula kuze kube yonyaka ozayo. Izimpungushe zizoxhumana nomhlabathi futhi zife.
Amakhemikhali nawo asetshenziswa kakhulu empini. Zilethwa ngaphansi kwesitshalo sezihlahla entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvela kwamajikijolo. Izinambuzane ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezimpungushe zikaMeyi Khrushchev zihlanganisa "Aktara", "Force", "Antikhrusch". Basebenzise ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo.
Izinyoni
Izinyoni zingalimaza kakhulu isivuno sakho se-sitrobheli. Ukuvimbela lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuguqula ukunakwa kwabo futhi usebenzise ezinye izinto. Uma uhlela emabhedeni amabhola abomvu asetshenziswe ekwakhiweni, azoheha izinyoni, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ngeke abathande ukunambitha. Izobaphazamisa futhi ngeke kubangele isithakazelo ekuvuthweni kwama-strawberries. Kuzophumelela futhi ukwelula inetha phezu kwe-strawberries noma ukubeka izinto ezesabekayo.
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sama-strawberry, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulungisa ama-strawberries ezivela ezinambuzane entwasahlobo. Qinisekisa ukususa isikhunta se-rotted, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukufakelwa endaweni yokuhlamba efile futhi usethe umanyolo.
Ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo esikhathini sentsholongwane kwenziwa okungenani kathathu. Lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola isitshalo esikhulu.
