I-Strawberry yisiko lengadi elidumile phakathi kwabalimi. Amajikijolo adliwa aluhlaza, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-dessert. Ibanga ngalinye linezici ezihlukile. Izici eziyinhloko yisikhathi sokuvuthwa, inani ushukela ekwakhiweni, kanye nokungamelana nezifo ezithathelwanayo.
I-Fusarium wilting, noma i-grey rot iyindlela yokutheleleka ethinta izinhlobo eziningi zama-sitrobheli. Okubaluleke kakhulu ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla. Ukungazinaki izindlela zokuvimbela ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kungaholela ekuthelelekeni kwezitshalo ezinempilo nokumboza inhlabathi. Uma kungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi imbewu isidlulile kulokulawulwa kokuhlanzeka, kuyodingeka ukuthi ihlaselwe magciwane ekhaya. Isifo kulula ukusivimbela kunokwelapha. Ukungazinaki izimpawu zokuziphatha kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo sonke se-sitrobheli.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zeStrawberry Fusarium
I-fungus Fusarium oxysporum iyimbangela yeFusarium, eyenziwe yasebenza ngesikhathi sokushisa. Lapho eseyekile ukwelashwa, umlimi usengozini yokulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yesilimo. Ukubhekisisa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ezindaweni lapho inhlabathi ibonakala khona nge-acidity ephezulu, umswakama ngokweqile kanye nokwakheka okungafanele.
Amahlamvu aluhlaza awenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukutshala ezindaweni eziphansi.
Izici ezivusa ukugxila kwe-fusariosis yilezi:
- ukungahambi kahle kokunisela;
- ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, okubandakanya i-chlorine;
- ukuqina kokufika.
Ngokufenda kwe-fusarium, izihlahla zithinteka ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, izimpawu zesifo ziyavela engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo, bese amahlamvu atholakala phezulu ahlupheka.
Umthombo wokutheleleka ungaba ngumhlabathi, imbewu, ukhula kanye nezitshalo ezitshalwe eduze kwama-sitrobheli.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ukhunta wokuhlanza, ekubeni usemhlabathini, uhlala usebenza iminyaka eminingi.
I-Fusarium wilting ye-sitrobheni ibonakala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- amabala ansundu kumaqabunga;
- i-necrosis yesisindo eluhlaza;
- shintsha emthunzini wezintuthwane namahlumela;
- i-plaque emhlophe;
- ukuntuleka kwamajikijolo avuthiwe;
- ukomiswa nokwenza mnyama mnyama kohlelo lwezimpande.
Esigabeni sokugcina seFusarium, isihlahla sihlala futhi siphange amajikijolo. Amakati afa izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokuvela kokubonakala kokuqala. Ukunquma uhlobo lwe-pathogen, kwenziwa izivivinyo zaselebhu. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengeyinembe kunazo zonke.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwe-fusarium wilting, kuyadingeka:
- thola kuphela imbewu enempilo;
- khetha izinhlobo, ubheke isimo sezulu nesimo somhlabathi;
- qaphela ukujikeleza kwezilimo. Indawo yokutshala ama-sitrobheli idinga ukushintshwa njalo eminyakeni engama-6-7;
- ukufafaza inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo zasengadini;
- ukukhulula kanye nama-sitrobheli amanzi njalo;
- Umanyolo wesikhathi esifanele nokhula;
- ukulwa nezilokazane.
Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-fusarium incishiswa yi-potassium oxide ne-lime. Abalimi abanolwazi bakha okutshalekile ngefilimu ye-vinyl. Kufanele kube opaque.
Ukuthenga izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zemvelo engenisiwe kuzokubiza inani elihle kakhulu. Uma kungekho ithuba elinjalo, abalimi bakhipha amagciwane ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezitholiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Agate-25K;
- I-Fitosporin-M;
- I-Humate potassium;
- I-Baktofit;
- Maxim.
Inhlabathi enezinga elithile le-acidity lenyuka ngokwe-alkalized. Le ndlela isiza ukuqeda isikhunta. Uma iFusarium noma i-grey rot isivele itholile endaweni ekhethiwe, kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukutshala ama-sitrobheli kuyo ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa kokuqala.
Amabhishi anempilo afafazwa ngama-fungicides njengezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Ngakho-ke okubizwa ngamakhemikhali anomthelela olimazayo ku-mycelium kanye nenqwaba yesikhunta. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: iTopsin-M, Phytocide, Fundazole, Mikosan-V, Trichoderma Veride, Benefis, Benorad, Winner, Sporobacterin. Esikhundleni salokho, ungasebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni, isisombululo se-potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), isibabule.
Izindlela zokwelapha
I-Fusarium ingangena esakhiweni ngembewu engcolisiwe, inhlabathi esele kuphela esicathulweni, yokusungula kanye nemishini. Isikhunta sithinta izihlahla zezithelo, okusanhlamvu nezinsini. Uhlu lolo luhlanganisa namazambane, utamatisi nezimbali ze-anyanisi ezingatheleleka ama-sitrobheli.
Lesi sifo siqedwa ngemikhiqizo yemvelo. Zisetshenziswa ezigabeni zokuqala ze-fusarium.
Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yizidakamizwa ezinjengoGumata-K, Trichodermin, Fitosporin-M, Gliokladin no-Agat 23K. Nge-lesion enkulu, okutshaliwe kufafazwa ngamakhemikhali amakhemikhali. Uhlu lwezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zifaka iBenorad, Fundazol neHorus.
Ngemuva kokuba isivuno sesivuniwe, inhlabathi iphathwa ngeNitrafen. Isixazululo sokwelashwa silungiselelwe ukulandela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa. Kunamathiselwe umuthi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuhlanganisa ama-biological kanye namakhemikhali. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwomuthi ngamunye futhi kuthinte kabi isimo sezihlahla. Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, izithelo akufanele zidliwe amasonto ambalwa.
Abalimi kufanele bangakhohlwa ngezindlela zabantu. Ziphephile abantu nezitshalo. Uhlu lwezinhlanganisela zokwelapha lubanzi kakhulu. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kanye nengxube ye-iodine yobisi. Lapho ufafaza izitshalo, umlimi kufanele aqondiswe yi-algorithm efanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nomphumela omuhle.
Inhlabathi okhula kuyo ama-sitrobheli ingondliwa ngemvubelo bese inyibilika nge-potassium.
Lesi sakamuva sikhulisa ukumelana kwesiko ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi isikhunta namagciwane. Nge-fusariosis, izihlahla ezithintekile zama-sitrobheli kanye nama-sitrobheni kufanele zichithwe. Azikho izinsalela zezitshalo okufanele zihlale kusayithi.
Izinhlobonhlobo Eziqinile zeStrawberry
Ama-sitrobheli alandelayo afakiwe kulesi sigaba:
- Arosa;
- I-Yamaska;
- Bohemia
- U-Alice
- UGorella
- UFlorence;
- Judibel;
- I-Flamenco.
Uhlu lungafakelwa izinhlobo ezinjengeCapri, Tristar, Kristin, Totem, Redgontlet, Talisman, Sonata. Ngeke kudingeke ukuthi belashwe i-Fusarium, ngoba imvamisa abanayo le nkinga.
I-Fusarium wilting iyisifo esibi, okunzima kakhulu ukuyamelana nayo. Impumelelo yokwelapha inqunywa esigabeni lapho kuqalwa khona ukwelashwa. Umgcini wegadi ngamunye kufanele azi ukuthi kufanele aphathwe kanjani ama-sitrobheli. Kulesi simo kuphela, ukulwa nokutheleleka kuzoholela emiphumeleni oyifunayo.
