I-Fusariosis ingukugula okuthinta izitshalo ezitshaliwe nezisendle. U-Garlic uhlukile. Lesi sifo singadalwa isikhunta ezingapheleli ezivela ku-Fusarium ye-genus. Izinga labo lomsebenzi linqunywa yizimo zamakhemikhali nezesimo sezulu
Uhlobo Lwesifo seFusarium
Umenzeli we-causative ungena ohlelweni lwe-vascular lwesitshalo ngomonakalo ezinqubweni zezimpande, amaqabunga neziqu. Ukutheleleka kufinyelela kokukhula kanye namanzi, inhlabathi nembewu. Lesi sifo segalikhi kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ukubola okungaphansi.
Izitshalo ze-Bulb ziyafa ngenxa yokudakwa kanye nokwephulwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile. Lesi sifo siyasebenza ngenkathi efudumele. Ukulahleka okukhulu kunakho konke ngo-Agasti. Ngesikhathi sokugcina, amakhanda athinteka kakhulu ngokushiswa ngamakhemikhali, amagciwane nezisetshenziswa zezolimo zivame kakhulu ukuthinteka.
Izindlela zokudlulisela kanye nezimbangela zokutheleleka kukagalikhi nge-fusarium
I-Fusariosis idluliswa ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu nezingxenye zezitshalo zezitshalo ezithintekile. Umenzeli we-causative umelana nezinguquko zokushisa ezingazelelwe. Ihlangabezana namaqhwa, kuba semhlabathini nama-bulbs.
Izici ezikhulisa ubungozi bokutheleleka zifaka:
- imbewu esezingeni eliphansi;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kumanyolo we-nitrogen;
- umswakama ophakeme;
- ukutshala ugarlic emibhedeni etholakala ezweni eliphansi;
- ukomiswa kohlelo lwezimpande;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemishini namathuluzi okungazange kudlulise ukubulala magciwane;
- ukuthambisa okungafanele;
- ukuqina kokufika;
- inqwaba yezinambuzane;
- ukugcwala komoya emhlabathini;
- izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme (ngaphezu kwe- +28 ° ะก).
UFusarium kuqala ushaya phansi kwekhanda likagalikhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo ethintekile iyanda, ngoba lesi sifo sithwebula izicubu ezinempilo. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka zombili ngesikhathi sokugcina nangesikhathi sokukhula.
Izithombe zemitholampilo
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu ezilandelayo kukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-garlic fusariosis:
- imivimbo nsundu ezimpaphe eziluhlaza;
- ukuthinta kopinki-onsomi noma opinki kuma-axils amaqabunga, esiqwini nezimpande;
- amabala amhlophe ngaphansi kwesibani;
- ukuthambisa amakhekhe wegalikhi;
- i-peduncle ibuna;
- ukuhloba okumhlophe phakathi kwesikali;
- ukubola nokufa kwezimpande.
Isilimo sizolahleka noma ngabe kukhona ama-clove ambalwa athelelekile embhedeni. Kuzokwenzeka okufanayo uma izimo zokugcina zingalandelwanga. Isizathu esihle sokukhathazeka ukushisa okuthe xaxa kanye nomswakama owedlulele egumbini lapho umlondolozi wegadi ezogcina khona ugarliki oqoqiwe. Amakhanda ancibilikisiwe awakulungele ukutshala noma ukupheka ubuciko obusezingeni eliphezulu.
Izinyathelo zokulawula i-Garlic Fusarium
Imbewu kufanele iphathwe nge-fungicides ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kubonakaliswa yimithi efana neQuadris neFundazole.
Ukuwina akufanele kuhlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30. Isinyathelo esilandelayo somisa ama-bulbs.
Ukutheleleka nge-fungus kunzima ukwelapha, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezithintekile ziyabhujiswa. Ama-bulbs ogulayo nakanjani ahlukanise nempilo. Ngakho-ke, banciphisa ingozi yokusabalalisa ukutheleleka.
Ezigabeni zokuqala, lesi sifo sisengamiswa. Ukuze lokhu, kusetshenziswe izindlela ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- I-Fitosporin-M;
- I-Trichodermin;
- Vitaros;
- I-Baktofit.
Umuthi ngamunye uhambisana nemiyalo yokusetshenziswa.
Ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, umlimi kumele alandele ngokuqinile izincomo zomenzi.
Imikhiqizo yemvelo iphephile izitshalo nezilwane.
Inhlabathi ithululelwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, sigcwele ufulawa noma i-dolomite kafulawa. Izingxenye ezimbili zokugcina zisetshenziselwa ukufeza inhlabathi nge-calcium. Isixazululo se-boric acid kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama-clove egalikhi angagunyaziwe
Ukuvimbela I-Fusarium
I-Fusarium garlic kulula ukuyivimbela kunokuphulukisa. Uhlu lwezindlela zokuvimbela lukhulu kakhulu.
- Ukugxila okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kwikhwalithi yembewu. Cogs eziphawulwe izimpawu zokunqotshwa kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukutshala noma ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza umquba.
- Umbhede wengadi owenzelwe lesi sitshalo akufanele ubekwe eduze kwezinye izitshalo ezivela kulo mndeni. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-fungal pathologies.
- Umhlabathi wegalikhi akufanele ube acidic kakhulu. Kwi-pH ephezulu, ufulawa we-dolomite, ulwelwesi oshelelayo kufakwa emhlabathini. Ukulawulwa komthamo womquba kuyadingeka futhi. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zokuphaka, ezibandakanya zonke izinto ezidingekayo.
Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela. Izisombululo zokwelapha zingalungiswa ngesisekelo se-soda ne-Whey. Izindlela zokwelapha ezingezwakali zingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-fungicides yamakhemikhali.
Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kuyadingeka:
- qaphela ukujikeleza kwezilimo. Izitshalo zomndeni onamandla azihlwanyelwa endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana;
- faka njalo umanyolo wemvelo evela enhlabathini. Lokhu kuzothinta kahle izivikeli mzimba zikagalikhi, ukuze kumelane ne-fusarium;
- phatha ama ngaphambi kokutshala ngamakhompiyutha okubulala amagciwane, ngokwesibonelo, Maxim, Fitosporin, potanganum permanganate noma i-chloride yethusi;
- nisela inhlabathi ngama-fungicides amaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, yenza amalungiselelo e-EM. Lesi sakamuva sisheshisa ukwakheka kwe-humus. Kuyadingeka ekudla okunempilo kwezilimo zamasiko nezokuhlobisa, ukuvikeleka kwazo kuma-microorganisms angamagciwane
- susa ukhula ngesikhathi esifanele;
- fafaza ugarliki ngeBioreid, Mikosan neBiosporin. Ama-biofungicides azosusa ama-pathogens avusa i-fusarium wilt. Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa izidakamizwa ezivela kuleli qembu nabaphatheli bamakhemikhali;
- emva kokuvunwa, susa zonke izinsalela eziphilayo kusuka kusayithi;
- ahlinzeke ngezimo ezifanele zokugcina (umswakama womoya - ukusuka kuma-75 kuye kuma-80%, izinga lokushisa - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-+1 C C). I-Garlic ifakwa kwisitoreji kuphela ngemuva kokoma.
I-Fusarium wilting yisifo sezulu esifudumele. Ama-ejenti wayo we-causative azibonakalisa ngokuzikhandla ezifundeni ezihlonza ubusika obabandayo kanye nehlobo elishisayo. Ukulahleka kwezithelo kulezi zifunda kungaba ngu-70-80%. Ukutheleleka ezimeni eziningi kwenzeka emhlabathini. Izinyathelo ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo sokukhunta ekunqotshweni kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene, sizonikeza umphumela oyifunayo kuphela uma imiyalelo ilandelwa ngokuqinile.
