Amagilebhisi - isiko elidinga ukunakwa okwandisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma lingakhuli eningizimu yeRussia, kodwa kumgwaqo ophakathi nendawo noma eSiberia. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sithanda ukushisa, kunzima kakhulu kuye ukuthi siphile esimweni sezulu esipholile, futhi ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele, inhlabathi engafanele kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene kungabhubhisi hhayi isivuno kuphela, kepha sonke isitshalo, kanye namahlamvu, isiqu nezimpande.
Amagilebhisi, njengezinye izinto eziphilayo eziningi, atheleleka kakhulu ngokutheleleka ngegciwane, elidluliselwa kwesinye isitshalo esinezifo liye kwesinye esinempilo. Ngale ndlela, izifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane, isikhunta kanye namagciwane ayingozi ayadlula.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukhula nezinambuzane ezincane zobumba, ezinjengezinambuzane namagundane, yizo ezithwala izifo ezivinini.
Okwamabhasi athelelekile, noma yisiphi isici sangaphandle sizothinta ukukhula kwawo nokukhula, noma ngabe kungukuzala kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka kwawo, umswakama womoya, imvamisa yomoya, njll. Isibonelo, ngezikhathi zemvula enkulu, amagilebhisi avuthayo avele abole.
Kunohlobo olungatheleleki lwezifo zamagilebhisi - lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulimala kwemishini okuhlukahlukene, njengokuthena okungafanele, ukushiswa yilanga kwamaqabunga, ukonakala kwezimpande ngamathuluzi engadi.
Izifo zokukhuphuka kwamagilebhisi
Isifo esijwayelekile esijwayelekile kubo bonke abalimi nabanqobayo abizwa ngokuthi yi-mildew (sidium), futhi ngamagama alula - i-Downy hlobo.
Lokhu ukhunta kuthinta amaqabunga amagilebhisi, amahlumela kanye amajikijolo, akha amabala aphuzi no grey kuwo. Lolu phawu alunakushaywa indiva, uma kungenjalo ungahlala ngaphandle kwesitshalo kuphela, kepha futhi ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwesilimo esizeni.
Amakhowe azalela enhlabathini, emaqabungeni awile nakumajikijolo abolile futhi athathwa umoya ezindaweni eziningi zezivini. Amacembe amancane namabhulashi amajikijolo athambekele emonakalweni, amadala amelana nalokhu ukutheleleka.
Ukuvimbela, abalimi abanolwazi babopha amahlumela ukuze bangaqini phansi; ukulandela indodana bese ususa amahlumela angeziwe; Bayihlanza ngaphansi kwezivini, bekhipha futhi beshisa amaqabunga awileyo, bese beyifafaza ngamalungiselelo aqukethe zethusi izikhathi ezi-5-6 ngesizini (1% Bordeaux ingxube, ithusi chloroxide). Ukucutshungulwa kuqedwa emavikini ama-3 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
Iphathwa ngethambile ngokufafaza imvini ngezikhathi ezithile nge-fungicides. Imiphumela emihle ikhonjiswe neZircon. Amathuluzi amaningi asebenzayo: Strobi, Polikhom, Rodimol Gold.
Enye isikhunta esiyingozi yi-Oidium. Kwenzeka kancane kancane, kepha izimpawu zicishe zifane nesifo sokuqala - amabala grey emaqabungeni nakumajikijolo.
Igama elidumile lalesi sifo ngu-powdery hlobo. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi welaphe lokhu kugula, isivuno sisengozini enkulu. Okokuqala, amajikijolo azoqala ukuqhuma, futhi eminyakeni embalwa isiko lizoshabalala ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokuvimbela azihlukile kulezo zomkhuhlane. Izenzo ezifanayo zizosiza ukuvikela isitshalo ekuthelelekeni.
Ukwelashwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izixazululo ngokungezwa kwamalungiselelo wesibabule. Isibabule silwa kahle nokutheleleka, futhi sivikele isivuno.
Ukuze uthole isixazululo esiphelile, amagremu ayisishiyagalombili wesibabule kumele afakwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isaltela oluyimpuphu ngokufakwa kwe-resin yezinkuni lungasetshenziswa. ICarbis Top, iTiovit, iTopazi nayo izosiza.
I-Anthracnose - ukomiswa kwesivini. Amaqabunga namagatsha embozwe izithende nsundu futhi yomile. Kubangelwa kakhulu yizimvula ezivame kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kuyafana nangomjovo - ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokususwa kwamahlumela owonakele.
Uma lesi sifo sesithole ifomu elingamahlalakhona, noma sidonsele phansi - udinga ukusebenzisa isikhunta, njengokuthi: Kartotsid, Fundazol, Polycarbacin, Ordan, Previkur, Artserid, Abiga-Peak. Ukwelashwa kwe-antifungal kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngezikhathi zamasonto amabili.
Isifo esinjenge-anthracnose-Cercosporosis. Lapho ethelelekile, amaqabunga ambozwa izindawo ezinombala womnqumo futhi zomile. Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa ingxube yeBordeaux.
I-Alternariosis isifo fungal entwasahlobo. Izimpawu zalo zimi ngale ndlela: amajikijolo ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe engenasici, kanti ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo zingwephuzi noma nsundu. Amajikijolo alimele ukubola ngokushesha. Uketshezi lweBordeaux luzosiza ngempumelelo ekulweni.
I-Escoriasis (ibala elimnyama) - lokhu ukhunta kwakha amabala amnyama kuso sonke lesi sitshalo. Amaqabunga, izithelo namagatsha kuphenduka mnyama. Iziqu ezinegciwane ziba mnyama, zomile futhi ziwe, zingakwazi ukubamba isixha. Ukusindisa lesi sitshalo, izihlahla nokushiswa kwamagatsha owonakele kuyadingeka, futhi lesi sitshalo singaphathwa nge-antifungal fungicide Medea ME, futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuqhakaza.
I-Apoplexy. Lesi sifo sokukhunta sithinta isihlahla maphakathi nenkathi, lapho kushisa khona. Amafomu ama-plaque amhlophe emaqabunga aphansi. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwe yi-fungus, lesi sitshalo singafa ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha kunezikhathi lapho lesi sifo siqhubeka ngesimo esingapheli iminyaka eminingana. I-Arsenite isiza ngalokhu ukhunta, nokho, inobuthi futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha. 
Ukubola okumpunga, ukubola okumhlophe, ukubola okumnyama
Ukubola okumpunga - ukugoqa okumpunga okuthinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo. Imvamisa, ivela emabungeni engezansi amajikijolo. Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esingalapheki kahle. Ukuncoma kusho iMedea ME, Isihloko 390, Shintsha, Horus, Antracol. Ukuze uthole i-prophylaxis, udinga ukukhulisa iziqu zomzimba ebusweni bomhlaba, ucindezele isitshalo, ususe ukhula, ungawudlulisi ngamanyolo e-nitrogen.
Ukubola okumhlophe akuhlukile kakhulu kuye. Ngalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi amajikijolo abola. Inhlanganisela yoboya obumhlophe, efana nesikhubo, imboza amabhulashi kancane noma ngokuphelele. Lesi sifo asihlali sikhuluma ngezifo zokukhunta, kwesinye isikhathi kuyavela lapho lesi sitshalo sonakaliswa ngomshini. Ukwelashwa kuyafana nangomusho.
Ukubola okumnyama. Ngalesi sifo, amaqabunga namajikijolo aba mnyama. Lapho behlulwa, bathola umbala onsomi omnyama noma omnyama. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha, sisakazekela ezindaweni ezinempilo, ngokulandelana, indawo yokubola iyanda. Ukwelashwa, i-Antracol, iTopazi ne-fungicides enokuqukethwe kwethusi kufanelekile.
I-Armillarosis yisifo fungal esithinta izimpande namaqabunga amagilebhisi. Ekuqaleni aphenduka aphuzi, futhi ekwindla akhula ngamakhowe aphuzi namsundu. Amagilebhisi aphathwa nge-fungicides ngethusi.
I-Verticillosis yisifo esiqhubeka iminyaka emihlanu. Ngesikhathi lesi sifo, amahlumela ayafa futhi amaqabunga aphuzi. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa, kufaneleka ukufafaza ngamakati ngeFundazol.
Isifo Samagilebhisi Samagciwane
Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu zamagilebhisi zinegciwane. Abanqobi be win winers nabalimi bayazi ukuthi ngesifo esinegciwane, okuwukuphela kwendlela efanelekile ukususa isihlahla, ngoba izifo ezinjalo azinakuphulukiswa. Lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane amancane ayingozi adluliswa yizithombo ezincane noma izinambuzane.
Ukugula okunjalo kunzima kakhulu ukukunquma, ngoba i-Symbomatology ihlukile kancane ezifweni zokukhunta noma umphumela wokulimala kwangaphandle emvinini, ngakho-ke, kunconywe ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthibela njenge:
- Ukutshala kuphela izithombo "ezinempilo" ezinempilo
- Ukulawulwa okujwayelekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinambuzane ezincelisayo.
- Ukumba nokulahla izitshalo ezinesifo ngokuphelele
Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane zinamagama alandelayo: ukumangalisa kwamaqabunga, chlorosis (ukutheleleka), i-necrosis yama-veins amaqabunga, i-vein mosaic, ifindo elifushane.
Izifo ezingalawuleki
Isifo esivame kakhulu esingabangelwa izifo yi-chlorosis (i-iron). Kuvela ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo, ikakhulukazi eba kumakhaza, kanti nomanyolo ongalungile womhlabathi nawo ungaba imbangela.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nomanyolo we-nitrogen nakho kuzoholela ku-chlorosis. Esinye isizathu esivamile ukuntuleka kwensimbi enhlabathini.
Ungayithola ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: amagilebhisi ayeka ukuqhakaza, amahlumela abe brittle futhi brittle, futhi amaqabunga ancibilike, aphuzi kakhulu ngokufaka okuphuzi.
I-Chlorosis iphathwa ngokufafaza ikhambi ngokufakwa kwamalungiselelo wensimbi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kepha ukutholakala ngqo elangeni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa akuhlanganisiwe. Kunconywa isixazululo se-10 l amanzi futhi wanezela kuwo amagremu ayi-100-200 e-iron sulfate. Amaqabunga angafafazwa nge-iron chelate, kuqinisa ukwakheka kwawo.
Ngaphezu kwensimbi, kuyelulekwa ukufaka umquba ngamavithamini, ahlanganisa i-manganese, i-zinc ne-boron.
Izinambuzane Zomvini
Ingozi yamagilebhisi akuyona nje izifo, kepha futhi nenqwaba yezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene eziqeda amandla isitshalo futhi iba sengozini enkulu. Okuyingozi kakhulu: i-phylloxera, ipheshana, umvini wamagilebhisi, isigcawu semilingo nabanye.
Cishe izinambuzane eziyi-10 zamagilebhisi, izindlela zokuvimbela nezindlela zokulawula, funda kwingosi yethu enguMnu wasehlobo.
