Amakhowe akhula ekhaya ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene uthola ukuthandwa okungakaze kube khona. Umholi phakathi kwamakhowe akhulile ekhaya yi-oyster mushroom. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kulula ukubuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiza kanye namakhowe omunyu amakhemikhali enza ukuba kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu. Ukulandela izincomo nemiyalelo, wonke umuntu angakwazi kalula, esebenzisa amathuluzi atholakalayo kanye nezinto zokwakha, ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-3 kg wezitshalo ngekhilogram ngayinye ye-mycelium yangempela. I-symbiosis yekamelo elikhethiwe kahle, ikhwalithi ye-mycelium ne-substrate iyisihluthulelo sokutshala ngokuphumelelayo kwamakhowe ama-oyster ekhaya.
Lapho ukhula khona ama-oyster amakhowe, ukukhetha izakhiwo
Ukuhlakulela ama-oyster amakhowe ekhaya, okuyiqiniso, kufanele kuqale ngokuxazulula inkinga encane, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu - ukukhetha indawo yamakhowe. Uma ukhetha, umuntu kufanele acabange ukuthi endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo cishe wonke amakhowe, kanye nama-oyster amakhowe ikakhulukazi, akhula ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezinokushintshanisa umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama wezindawo zokukhula, njengombuso, udlula u-50%.
Ngakho-ke, ukutshala amakhowe ekhaya kufanele kuhlelwe emakamelweni akwazi ukuvuselela imvelo yemvelo. Ikamelo elinjalo lingaba yi-greenhouse, i-shed or a basement-lolu hlobo lokuhlala luyathandwa kakhulu, kodwa empeleni, ukukhetha kuzoba ngabanye futhi kuzoxhomeka kuphela ekulandeleni ikamelo ngezidingo ezilandelayo:
- Izinga lomswakama ekamelweni kufanele libe phakathi kuka-70 kuya ku-90%;
- Phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala, izikhwama ze-mycelium kufanele zifihleke ekukhanyeni kwelanga;
- Emva kokuvela kwezithelo zokuqala zezithelo, izikhwama ezinamakhowe ama-oyster okungenani amahora angu-8 kufanele zithole usuku lokufakelwa noma lokukhanya kwansuku zonke;
- Ukushisa kwomoya ekamelweni akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-30;
- Kuyo yonke le nkathi, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhowe ama-oyster ekhaya kubonisa ukuba khona kwe-ventilation enhle.
Kubalulekile! Igumbi elikhethiwe liyisisekelo nesibambiso sokukhiqiza. Indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga kumele ibe yingozi kakhulu, ngoba ukungahambisani nanoma yiziphi izidingo ezihanjisiwe angeke kunciphise isivinini sokwandisa isitshalo se-mushroom, kodwa futhi sizokuqeda ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokukhulisa ama-oyster amakhowe, ukulungiselela nokucubungula i-substrate
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala amakhowe, kufanele uqonde ukuthi ungakhula kanjani amakhowe ama-oyster nokuthi umphumela wokuphela uncike kuphi. Elinye lamaphuzu ayisisekelo yilona ukulungiselela nokucubungula i-substrate, okuyisisekelo esivumela ukukhula kwamakhowe ama-oyster. Njengayezinye izigaba, noma yikuphi iphutha ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zokulungiselela kungathinta isivuno, yingakho kunconywa ukulandela imithetho elula nezeluleko.
Ukuthengwa kwe-mycelium
Ukudayiswa kwe-mycelium kwenziwa ngezitolo eziningi ezikhethekile kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ezibandakanya ukutshala ngokuqondile ama-oyster amakhowe. Ukuthenga kusuka kubakhiqizi abanjalo kunesidingo kakhulu kumthengisi we-mushroom we-novice. Ngokuhambisana nezidingo nezici zobuchwepheshe ngesilinganiso esikhulu, i-mycelium, njengombuso, ayisetshenziselwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi asikathuthuki ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, inikeza isivuno esikhulu. I-mycelium enjalo isivele isakhiwe futhi iveza izithelo, futhi izindleko zayo ziphansi kakhulu kune-mycelium entsha.
Umthamo we-mycelium owathengiwe kufanele uzinqunywe kuye ngokuvunwa okufunwayo - ngokunakekelwa kahle ekhaya kungenzeka ukuthi ufike ku-3 kg wamakhowe ama-oyster ngekhilogramu ngayinye ye-mycelium. Khumbula ukuthi izikhwama zokutshala amakhowe ama-oyster esikhathini esifushane zingakhipha izivuno ezintathu. Kunzima ukusekela ukukhethwa kwe-mycelium uma ngithenga kunoma yiziphi izinkomba ngenxa yokungabikho kwezici eziningi zokuhlola ezicacile, yingakho kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukunaka ubukhulu be-mycelium nobukhulu bayo, kodwa futhi nokukhetha ukukhetha umdayisi-okuthengisiwe.
Indlela yokwenza i-substrate ngokwakho
Imakethe yanamuhla igcwele izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokutshala izitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezifungi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abaqoqi be-mushroom bahlale bekhetha ukukhetha i-substrate ezenziwe ngezandla zakhe. Isizathu esinjalo, sibheka kangcono izici zomuntu ngamunye zesimo sezulu, ukunakekelwa kanye nezimo zokuboshwa, kodwa kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukusetshenziselwa kokusebenza kwayo kuxhomeke ekubunjweni okuyizinto ezifanele, okudingayo, okudinga amakhono nolwazi.
Kanye nenhlabathi yemifino, ama-substrates wokulima amakhowe ama-oyster kufanele abe ne-high-quality base kanye nokubunjwa kwamaminerali. Kuyadingeka ukuthi isisekelo esikhethiwe - i-sawdust, husks, utshani, njll - ihlanzekile futhi ilashwe ngaphambilini. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuba ugweme ukusetshenziswa kwezisekelo zokuphathwa ngamakhemikhali - kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ama-oyster amakhowe asetshalwe ukuze adle, ngakho-ke ukuhambisana nomngcele nokuphepha kufanele kufike kuqala.
Ukudalwa okuzimele kwe-substrate kuyinkqubo elula ehlanganisa izigaba ezintathu kuphela:
- Ukukhipha i-disinfect i-substrate ekhethiwe ngokuphathwa kwe-thermal kanye / noma ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali;
- Ukwehla kwe-substrate kuya ezingxenyeni ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-4-5 cm kanye nokwelapha okushisa okuphindaphindiwe kwamahora amabili;
- Ukuphenya
Uyazi?Ngaphandle kokudla, amakhowe ama-oyster athole uhlelo lokusebenza emtholampilo wendabuko nendabuko. Ngakho-ke, kuma-recipe athandwayo asemazweni asempumalanga, i-oyster mushroom iyingxenye ebalulekile futhi ibeka njengesifo sezinkinga eziningi zezifo eziningi.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Substrate
Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate yokutshala amakhowe we-oyster kuqala ngendawo evamile, kodwa ukhetho olubaluleke kakhulu lwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Imiphumela emihle yokuhluma nokukhiqiza ifinyelelwa engxenyeni yamabele noma ibhali lebhali, i-husk ye-sunflower, ama-cobs aqoshiwe kanye nama-stalks, kanye nama-husk.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile, i-substrate ivame ukutholakala ngesisekelo se-sawdust noma ama-shavings ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni, noma kunjalo, ukwanda kwama-oyster amakhowe ekhaya ngendlela efanayofor Wabasaqalayo-inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu edingayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela enzima kakhulu.Kakade ezinyathelweni zokuqala ze-substrate, kunconywa kakhulu ukuba uhlole ngokuphelele izinto ezikhethiwe zokuhlanzeka nokungabikho kwesikhunta. Isigaba esilandelayo ukugaya isisekelo esibhakabhakeni sibe izingxenyana ezincane ngobukhulu obuphelele obungaphezu kuka-5 cm.
Ukuze kukhishwe ngokuphelele ukutheleleka kwe-substrate yizo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezilimazayo, okungavumelekile ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhowe ama-oyster asetshenziswa ukudla, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kuncike ekushiseni okushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo izokwandisa okuqukethwe komswakama wezinto ezibonakalayo ezingeni elifunayo.
Inqubo yokucubungula inezinyathelo eziningana:
- Ikamelo lemishini eluhlaza futhi echotshoziwe kwi-metal ware yemikhulu emikhulu;
- Ukugcwalisa i-substrate ngamanzi amaningi (ngesilinganiso okungenani 1: 2);
- Ukupheka i-substrate amahora angu-2-2.5 kuze kulungiswe ukugcwalisa okuphelele kwe-feedstock;
- Gcoba amanzi asele bese upholisa i-substrate kuya ekushiseni kwe-30 ° C kanye ne-spin yayo egcwele.
Kubalulekile! Amanzi asezindaweni zangasese, naphezu kokuxhomeka kwamakhowe we-oyster kumswakama, ngokuqinisekile kuzokwenza ukuthi i-substrate engenayo ingakulungeli ukukhuphula amakhowe ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, lapho ucindezela izinto eziwusizo esandleni, kuphela inani elincane lamaconsi elivumelekile.
Inqubo yokwakha amabhlogo amakhowe
Amabhuloki emifino kukhona uhlobo lombhede lapho kusetshenziswa khona amakhowe ama-oyster. Njengomthetho, isikhwama sepulasitiki sikhethwe ngokuthi "amandla" ebhodini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhwama kumele sikhishwe nge-disinfected noma ukushisa kuphethwe nakanjani. Indlela ephumelelayo yokwelashwa igeza ngesisombululo se-bleach. Isikhwama esikhwameni esihle kufanele sibe okungenani 5 kg.
Ngemuva kokungahlanjululwa kwe-substrate esetshenzisiwe kanye nomthamo wayo, ukwakheka kwamabhlogo amakhowe kuqala - ukugcwaliswa kwezingqimba ze-bag ne-substrate ne-mycelium. Ngokusekelwe ezinconyweni zabaqoqi be-mushroom abanolwazi, ungqimba ngamunye we-5-6 cm we-substrate kufanele ube ngu-0.5 cm we-mycelium. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungqimba wokuqala nokugcina esikhwameni kumele kube yi-substrate.
Ekupheleni kokugcwaliswa kwebhokisi le-mushroom, isikhwama siboshwe ngokuqinile entanyeni. Isigaba sokugcina - i-block perforation - ihlanganisa ukusika izimbobo ezincane ebangeni elingu-10 cm komunye nomunye. Futhi wenze konke okusemqoka kuphethini lokuhlola.
Indlela yokunakekela ama-oyster amakhowe
Njengomthetho, akunzima ukukhula i-oyster mushroom mycelium ekhaya - kwanele ukudala izimo ezifanele zezulu nokulondoloza kahle i-mycelium ngenkathi yokuvuthwa, kulandela izincomo.
Ukugcina izimo zezulu, isikhathi sokutshala isikhathi sokuvuna amakhowe ama-oyster
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zamakhowe ezikhulayo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi izinga lokushisa amakhowe likhula kanjani ezimweni ezidalwe - izinga lokushisa kufanele libe njalo (ngaphansi kuka-20 - 30 ° C) futhi ahluke ngama-degrees angu-1-2. Ukudlula umkhawulo wokushisa ongaphezulu kuzobangela ukushaqeka ukushisa ku-oyster mushroom mycelium nokubulala amahlumela amakhowa esizayo. Ukushisa okuphansi kunomphumela omubi kakhulu.
Kanye nombuso wokushisa, ukutshala amakhowe ekhaya kufanele kuhambisane nenani elihlala njalo lomswakama. Ngenhlanhla, ngisho nabaqoki be-mushroom abamasha ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhula amakhowe ama-oyster banamasistimu okuzenzekelayo ngokugcina umswakama ngokusebenzisa ukuchelela. Isikhathi sokugubha ukuguga kwezimo ezinhle ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-20-25.
Uyazi? Umbala we-oyster mushroom cap uxhomeke ezimweni ezikhulayo ezikhulayo. Ngakho, izinga lokushisa elikhethiwe futhi elihlale ligcinwa cishe li-20° Сkuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isicu sokukhanya, no-28-30° С- mnyama. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuthinti neze ukunambitheka.
Indlela yokunakekela amakhowe ngesikhathi sokukhula
Ukunakekela amakhowe, naphezu kobunzima obubonakalayo, kulula futhi akudingi amakhono akhethekile nezindlela. Imfuneko esemqoka ukugcina izimo zokuboshwa. Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa, igumbi akufanele libe yomoya, ngoba i-carbon dioxide iphume ngokuzimela idala izimo ezihle kakhulu futhi yandisa kancane umswakama.
Ukuqinisekisa izinga lokukhanyisa okwanele kumitha ngayinye yesikhala kumele kube okungenani ama-watts angu-5 okukhanyisa amandla. Ukufakwa kwansuku zonke okungenani amahora angu-8.
Ukuphuza i-substrate ne-mycelium kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye noma kabili ngosuku (ngamanzi afudumele ngamanzi). Ukuze ugweme izifo zama-mushroom ama-oyster ekamelweni, kunconywa ukuba uhlanzwe nsuku zonke usebenzisa imikhiqizo e-chlorine.
Kubalulekile! Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nemibandela efanele yesondlo, "imithi" ngayinye ye-mycelium ingaveza isivuno esincane noma singatheli izithelo nhlobo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlunga ngokucophelela i-substrate, ukuyihlanza bese uhlola ukuba khona kwefungus nokubunjwa. Uma i-substrate ne-mycelium isifo, isikhwama kufanele sisuswe masinyane kwenye indawo.
Indlela yokuvuna
Ukuvuna kokuqala kwama-oyster amakhowe kufanele kulindeleke izinyanga eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokuphuma. Ukuqoqa amakhowe kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ukusika amakhowe cishe phansi. Ukuze ugweme umonakalo, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa ummese. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ama-oyster amakhowe, akudingekile ukusika amakhowe ngamunye, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izinhlobo, kodwa ngemindeni yonke. Lokhu kuzovumela ukugcina isivuno isikhathi eside futhi silondoloze ikhwalithi yayo.
Uyazi? Kakade emva kwamasonto amabili emva kokuvuna, ungalinda ukuvuna kabusha. Futhi ukuze kuphuthumise inqubo yokuvuthwa, kwanele ukuba unqume ngokuphelele isiqu bese uhlunga ngokucophelela i-substrate.
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwamakethe ama-oyster amanani emakethe, inqubo yokuzikhuphula ilula futhi iyatholakala kubantu bonke, ngisho nasekhaya. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhowe ama-oyster ekhaya abukho izimfihlo ezikhethekile - ukuhambisana okulula nezincomo ngokuqinisekile kuzoqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu kwamakhowe anambithekayo namvelo.
