Umsele wamanzi

Ukugeleza kwesayithi ngezandla zakhe siqu, indlela yokukhipha isikhwama kusuka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba

Izakhamuzi zasehlobo zanamuhla zibhekene nezinkinga eziningana ezivela esakhiweni sakhe. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, izithombo zomanyolo, ukunakekelwa nokuphuza - i-symbiosis emele isithombe sansuku zonke sehlala ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ebaluleke kunazo zonke futhi eyonakalisayo iyamisa ngokweqile isayithi. Le nkinga ebonakala ingenabalulekile empeleni ibeka phambili ukuthi kube khona izinkinga ngomkhiqizo jikelele wesakhiwo. Ngenhlanhla, abalimi abayedwa kule nkinga, futhi isihloko sethu sizochaza ngokugcwele ukuthi yiziphi izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokumisa isayithi kusuka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukumisa ngokweqile kwesayithi, okumele ukwenze

Amanzi angaphezu kweqhinga lomhlaba angadala izinkinga eziningi, okuyinhloko phakathi kokungcoliswa kwezithelo nemifino kanye nokuqala kokubola kwabo. Ukuze ulondoloze i-cottage yakho ehlobo kusukela ezinkingeni ezingenakugwemeka, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, ukhethe ukukhetha indlela eyodwa noma enye indlela yamanzi amanzi.

  1. Usizo lwethimba eliqeqeshiwe. Njenganoma imuphi omunye inkinga, ukugaxwa ngokweqile kwendawo kungase kube wanquma ochwepheshe abakhethekile ube nedivayisi ekhethekile. Ngokuqinisekile bayakwazi ukukhipha kahle i-dacha, kodwa, njengomthetho, ochwepheshe bavele baphume amanzi ngamapompo - umphumela ungomzuzwana, kodwa awukhuthazi.
  2. Isicelo seSand emhlabathini. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukufaka umhlabathi phansi, okungukuthi umfaniswano walo ohlanganisa isihlabathi ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Le ndlela ayixazulula kuphela inkinga, kodwa futhi ibuye ikhulise kakhulu izinga lomhlaba, ikhulise isivuno sayo. Inkinga yile mbono iyisidingo esikhulu somhlabathi kanye nomsebenzi omningi wokusebenza.
  3. Ukwakha amanzi. Ukufakwa kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi ukwakhiwa kwemigodi ekhethekile kulo lonke isayithi, ukuhlanganiswa kwabo okuqhubekayo kanye namanzi okugcina. Le ndlela iyasebenza kakhulu, engabizi futhi ingabizi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube yimanje, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo, ezakhiwa ngendlela yokwenza amanzi, zingafundiswa ngokukhululekile futhi zenziwe ngezandla zakho. Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene, izazi zincoma kakhulu ukukhetha le ndlela yokuxazulula inkinga ngobuningi obuningi.
  4. Vula imifino. Uhlelo lokususwa kwamanzi angaphezu kwesayithi luxazululwa ngu ukudala (ukumba) imifula evulekile nge-angle encane. Ngakho-ke, amanzi aqhubekayo esakhiweni angene emigodini yokudonsa futhi ahanjiswe emgodini ovuthayo noma ngaphandle kwendawo yesayithi. Ukwehluleka okuphawulekayo kwamathanga anjalo ukuchitha nokushesha ukungcola kwazo - ukusebenza kahle kubonakala kuphela emavikini okuqala.
  5. Ukutshala izihlahla. Izihlahla ezihlukene, njenge-willow ne-birch, isibonelo, kusiza kakhulu ukuhlanza amaxhaphozi. Imithi, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, soma kahle indawo. Kodwa-ke, ukumisa isayithi ngosizo lwezihlahla kuyinkqubo yesikhathi eside engakwazi ukuhlala njalo ehlala ehlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zenza umthunzi owengeziwe e-dacha, futhi engathandeki ezimweni zokulingana okulinganiselwe ama-cottage.
  6. Inhlabathi enobuningi nokukhulisa izinga lemibhede. Isixazululo senkinga kulokhu silele kuphela ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi nokwandisa inani lezwe eliphelele ku-dacha. Lolu khetho lusebenza ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa luyabiza futhi ludla isikhathi, okwenzeka ezimweni zangempela aluvumeli ukuba lubheke njengelona oluyinhloko.

Iyiphi uhlelo lokugeleza, izinhlobo zezakhiwo kanye nezici zazo

Amakamelo ama-drainage - enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuxhumana ezakhiwe ngobuchwepheshe kusayithi. Kuyasiza amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi asemanzini futhi ancibilikise amanzi ukuze angahlali esizeni futhi, ngokufanele, kuvimbela amanzi. Eqinisweni, kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlanza indawo emanzini, kodwa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokugeleza zizibonakalise zihamba phambili:

  • Umsele wamanzi (uhlobo oluvulekile);
  • I-drainage ejulile (uhlobo oluvaliwe).
Ngakho-ke banezici eziningana zokuklama nokusebenza, ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lokhu noma uhlobo lokugeleza endlini yabo yezwe, kumele bafundwe ngokucophelela.

Umsele wamanzi

Umsele wamanzi e-dacha umelela inethiwekhi yeziteshi ezivulekile, izindawo zokuphambukisa kanye nokwamukela ezenziwa ngezinga elithile, okuvimbela ukuqubuka kwenhlabathi. Le ndlela yokuvikelwa emanzini amancane emkhawulweni we-cottage ehlobo ufanelekile ngokuphelele ukususa amanzi emathrekhi, amanzi, amaphahla nama-canopy. Ngokuphathelene namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi emanzi e-dacha asebenza kuphela uma kunamanani amaningi namazinga aphakeme, ngoba amanzi aqoqwe kuphela emhlabathini.

Ehlangothini elakhayo Ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamanzi kuyabonakala ngokuphakama komgodla okungenani okungama-30-40 cm kanye ne-angle yokuthambekela kwezindonga eziseceleni okungenani ama-degrees angu-30, okuqinisekisa ukuqoqwa kwamanzi evamile kusayithi. Umsele wamanzi ukhona iphuzu futhi linembile. Eyokuqala ihloselwe ukuqoqwa kwamanzi endaweni yamaphuzu akhethiwe. Umsele wamanzi ohlangothini uxhunywe kumashaneli okugeleza amanzi, okungukuthi amanzi okugeleza. Indawo yokungena emgwaqeni, njengendawo yokulawula, iwuhlobo lwemvula yokudonsa, ngosizo lwalokhu kukhishwa amanzi okunye endaweni.

Idivayisi yezimbobo ezinjalo zilula kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwabo kuqinisekiswe kuphela ngobukhulu obanele nokuhleleka kahle kokuqoqwa nokususwa kwamanzi. Izakhi zamanzi ezinqamulekayo zomhlaba zimelelwa ngemifula neziteshi ezitholakala ngokufanayo ezindaweni zokuqoqwa okukhulu kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nakwamanye amanzi. Eqinisweni, amanzi angasetshenziswa futhi angasetshenziswa kahle.

Kubalulekile!Ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi okugeleza komhlaba kuqinisekiswe kuphela ngokufaneleka kokudalwa kwalesi simiso nokugcinwa kwayo njalo, njengoba imitshingo ishesha futhi igubha.

Ukugeleza okujulile

Ngokusekelwe egameni, kuyacaca lokho Isici esiyingqayizivele semifudlana ejulile yindawo engaphansi komhlaba. Isistimu enjalo, kanye nomsele wamanzi, kuhloswe ukuguqula amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi emvula avela ku-dacha. Loluhlobo lwamanzi njengomthetho akhethiwe ngesisekelo sendawo yenkinga. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo oluvaliwe lwemifudlana yamanzi lufanelekile kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni ezinamazinga omzimba ophakeme ngokwemvelo.

Ngenxa yezici zokuklama, kuphakanyiswa ukuhlukanisa amanzi ajulile angena ku:

  • Okuvundlile;
  • Okufanayo;
  • Kuhlangene.
Ukwaziswa okujulile kohlobo oluvundlile luvame kakhulu futhi kubonakala sengathi luyiziteshi ezivaliwe, amapayipi namathreyi abeka ngaphansi komhlaba. I-vertical version yesistimu yamanzi yamanzi ingcwaba, ifakwe amaphampu akhethekile. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kagesi, ukuklama nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunjalo kunzima, isikhathi esiningi nokubiza. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukugeleza okuqondile akuvamile ukusetshenziswa.

Umklamo ohlanganisiwe - inhlanganisela yezinhlobo zokugeleza ezingezansi nezinama. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela nakho akukhuthazwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengeziteshi eziyinhloko, amapayipi anezimbobo ezenziwe ngaphambili kubo asetshenziselwa ukuthola amanzi. Ukujula kweziteshi ezinjalo cishe ngo-40-50 cm.

Uyazi?Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyindlela ewukuphela kokulawula umswakama wenhlabathi okhulayo kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, lapho wonke umhlaba ungalinywa futhi utshalwe khona.

Indlela yokwenza amanzi okugeleza ngezandla zakho

Ukugeleza kwamanzi e-summer cottage ngezandla zakho kungenziwa ngokumane nje, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza kahle kwezenzo ezenziwa. Ngokushesha kufanele kubone lokho Le ndlela iyona engcono kunawo wonke futhi elula kakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezinhlelo zomgwaqo kanye nezindawo zokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ekwenzeni umsele ovulekile we-dacha, kuyadingeka ukufaka izigodla zamanzi, izinhlelo zokugeleza, izakhi zokuzivikela nokumba imitshingo.

Uhlobo lwe-drainage evulekile kunawo wonke luyi-system ehambisanayo ehlinzeka ngezinga elifanele lokuvikelwa okuphelele. Lo mklamo ulula futhi awudingi amakhono akhethekile. Isisekelo sokuqaliswa kwalendlela kuyilungiselelo elifanele lecebo le-dacha icebo - kufanele libonise zonke izakhiwo, izihlahla, futhi-ke izindawo lapho amanzi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba aqoqwa khona. Ngalesi sisekelo, kudingekile ukuthi uqaphele indlela yokuguqulwa kwamanzi emgodini wokukhipha noma ngaphesheya kwendawo yesayithi.

Uyazi?Ngokuvamile balimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho, ukuxazulula inkinga yamanzi angaphezu komhlaba emhlabathini ngokusiza ekutsheni izimbobo, bazidale ngokwanele amanzi amaningi, kamuva asetshenziselwa ukunisela. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuqeda umgodi bese ufaka ipompo kulo.

Ukwenza uhlelo olufanayo, khumbula: amanzi kufanele ahanjiswe ekuqondeni komthambeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuncishiswe indawo esetshenzisiwe yomhlabathi, izindlela zokudonswa kwamanzi kufanele zenziwe phakathi kwe-trajectory encane kakhulu.

Ukulandela uhlelo oluphelile, udinga ukumba imitshingo ngokujula nobubanzi buka-30 cm (ivolumu lomgodla inqunywa ngokuzimela, kuye ngokuthi umthamo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi emvula). Izindonga eziseceleni zomsele kumele zenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze esikhathini esizayo kungeke kube khona ukuchitha. Zonke izintambo ezivezwe ohlelweni, njengomthetho, zihlangene zibe zilodwa futhi zilethwe emgodini, noma kunjalo, uma amanzi angathathwa nje ngaphandle kwendawo yesayithi, khona-ke zingenziwa zizimele.

Izitshalo noma umsele wephelile kufanele uhlanganiswe ne-foil noma i-tarpaulin, okuzovumela ukuba ungabambezeli, kodwa ukuphuza ngokushesha amanzi. Ukuze ubuyisele kabusha i-geometry emgodini, ifilimu idinga ukulungiswa ngezipikili, ifakwe emhlabathini, noma ezinye izixazululi ezilungisiwe. Ifilimu ezindongeni eziseceleni, ehlelwe kusuka phezulu, iqiniswa ngokwengeziwe ngamapulangwe ensimbi noma ensimbi, efakwe ububanzi njalo ngo-30-50 cm.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze uqinisekise ukulungiswa okwanele kwefilimu emgodini ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, ibanga lokulungisa kufanele libe lifushane kakhulu. Kumele kukhunjulwe futhi kuqondwe ukuthi ukucubungula nokuchaneka kulesi sigaba kunquma kakhulu ukuhlala isikhathi eside nokusebenza komphumela wokugcina.
Okuqaphelayo - kwezinye izimo, izindonga kanye nesisekelo somgodla zikhonjiswa, okuyinto ngokushesha ukuqeda izinkinga eziningi nezinkinga, noma kunjalo Le ndlela yenhlangano ibiza kakhulu, inzima kakhulu futhi idinga amakhono athile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugeleza kwendawo yasemadolobheni, okwakumelelwa yi-system noma iziteshi zomuntu ngamunye, kufanele kugcwaliswe isigamu sezinkuni, izinkuni nezinkuni. Kuyadingeka ukuthi amanzi angahamba ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ingqimba yokugcina edinga ukugcwala inhlabathi evulekile, igcwala kuze kube yilapho izinga lomhlabathi lizinga. Le ngxenye yesimiso sokudoba idalwe ukuhlanzwa okunzima nokukhishwa okukhulu kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi emvula.

Isinyathelo sokugcina ukufaka amapayipi okudonsa kanye nesistimu yesiphepho kulo lonke isayithi. Ivolumu yabo ayanele - kungenxa yale njongo ukuthi amanzi ejulile ahlelekile, kodwa ayoba usizo uma kwenzeka izinga lamanzi lidlulele, futhi indawo yokungena emanzini engaphansi komhlaba ngeke ihlangabezane ngokugcwele. Ngakho, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuzokuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yamanzi emvula kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyoba ngempumelelo, eshibhile futhi esheshayo.

Indlela yokukhipha i-cottage nge-drainage ejulile

Kwezinye izimo, ukugeleza komhlaba akuxazululisi inkinga, ngenxa yevolumu enkulu nokusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Khona-ke kunconywa ukudala ukugeleza kwendawo ye-suburban yohlobo oluvaliwe. Umsele wokujula uqhathaniswa ikhono lokuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yobuningi obuningi, futhi ugcine ukubonakala kwekamelo lehlobo.

Ukuqala kokudalwa kwalolu hlobo lwamanzi uhlelo luqala ngokulungiswa kwepulani kanye nomdwebo ophelele wemigqa lapho kuzobekwa khona amaphayiphi. Isiqondiso sokukhishwa kwamanzi - ekuqondeni komthambeka. Okulandelayo udinga ukunquma ukujula kokuvela kwazo. Ngakho-ke, enhlabathini enomdabu kakhulu ukujula ngeke kube ngaphezu kuka-50 cm, futhi emhlabathini onesihlabathi - kufika ku-1 imitha.

Futhi cabanga ngezimo zezulu - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi phakathi nobusika amapayipi anezinsalela zamanzi kuwo angaphahli, futhi inhlabathi efrizelayo ayibhidli.

Ngokuvamile bonke abalimi nabathengi bakhetha amapayipi epulasitiki ase-perforated njengendlela yamanzi. Zishibhile, zingabizi futhi zihlala njalo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuthola ukuvikeleka okungeziwe, amapayipi agcwele izindwangu, okuvimbela isihlabathi ukuba singene ngaphakathi futhi kwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yesistimu yonke.

Izindlela zokuthuthwa kwamanzi kanye nendawo yokwamukelwa kwazo zilungiswe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile. Endabeni yokuvulwa kwezinhlelo ezivaliwe, kunconywa ukumba amathanga ngobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-50 cm, futhi ungabhizi izindawo ezihlangene nhlobo. Ukugeleza kwamanzi kungahle kuhlelwe kokubili emgodini wokudonsa, kanye nasensimini yesayithi. Njengalokhu kuhlelo oluvulekile, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ukhonkolole izindonga zomgodi, ngaleyo ndlela udale ithangi lamanzi elisele, elizosiza wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo.

Emva kokulungisa yonke imifula nokudala uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi emhlabathini, kufanele lulungiselelwe ukubeka ipayipi. Okokuqala, udinga ukwakha umkhumbi wokuhlanza, ukubeka isihlabathi kanye negravel phansi (10 cm ngamunye). Kuphela emva kokuba lokhu kuqale ukubeka amapayipi nokuwahlanganisela ohlelweni olulodwa ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa kwepulasitiki, okukhethwa kukho okuhlukahlukene.

Ukuhamba emaphethelweni emifudlana nakho kugcwele isihlabathi nesikhukhula. Phezu komsele obhalwe phansi kufanele ubeke izindwangu ezivikela amapayipi e-perforated kusuka enhlabathini, emhlabathini nasemhlabathini. Ukuphela kwenqubo - isihlabathi sokugcina amanzi (15 cm), igravel (15 cm) nomhlabathi. Ukufakwa kwesikhumba kumele kube yindunduma, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umhlaba uzohlala futhi ulinganise nawo wonke umhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwendawo ye-suburban yomfula ebiza kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi Kodwa kuhlukile ukuqina nokusebenza kahle okulingana nakho okungekho nje.

Umfula we-diy, indlela elula

Njengoba kucacile kusuka ngenhla, ukugeleza e-dacha kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo, Kodwa-ke, iningi labantu, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ufuna ukususa umhlaba masinyane, eshibhile futhi ngokwethembeka. Yiyo kanye lezidingo ukuthi amanzi ahlangabezane ne-dacha, indlela elula kakhulu esingayinikela.

Uyazi? Ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi ikakhulukazi kuncike ekutheni umthombo usheshe ukukhipha amanzi emhlabathini. Inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu ngeke ikwazi ukugcina amanzi, futhi izitshalo ngeke nje zibe nesidlo sokudla, futhi kube nzima kakhulu ukugcina amanzi. Ukunquma indawo yomhlaba endaweni ethile kuyinto elula - udinga ukugcwalisa umgodi olungiselelwe ngamanzi ngesigamu. Uma amanzi eshiya emahoreni angaphansi kuka-24, inhlabathi iyingozi kakhulu. Uma ngisho nezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu kamuva amanzi awazange afike ngokuphelele emhlabathini, inhlabathi yinde kakhulu futhi umgodi awuphumelelanga.
Umphumela wokuphela kokudalwa kwamanzi kuncike ekusebenzisweni okuphelele kwazo zonke izincomo nezeluleko. Ngakho, ukuze wenze amanzi ngezandla zakho, udinga:
  1. Okokuqala yenza icebo eliphelele le-cottage yakho ehlobo, ukucacisa imigqa eyayifunwa emanzini, emgodini noma emgodini. Umgodi wokukhipha amanzi kumele ube okungenani imitha eyi-1 ukuphakama futhi ube nezinhlangothi futhi okungenani imitha;
  2. Ukulandela uhlelo oluhlelekile, ukumba imitshingo kancane kancane ukwandisa ukujula kwabo. Ububanzi bomgodini kufanele okungenani kube ngu-30 cm;
  3. Ifilimu yepulasitiki eyenziwe ngaphambilini (ingasetshenziswa) inqunywe emaphethweni amakhulu ububanzi, cishe elilingana nobukhulu be-groove (80 cm). Isembozo esivela ekukhunjweni siguqule ukudubula imifula, kufaka phakathi izindawo zabo zangasese. Ukuzinza kwefilimu ezindongeni kungcono kakhulu kunikezwe ngezinsimbi zomuthi (kumele kube ngu-1 cm ubude kunomkhawulo we-groove), ifakwe kude kube ngu-30-40 cm komunye nomunye. Kungcono ukubeka izitini eziphukile, itshe elichotshoziwe, imfucuza yezinkuni phansi kwefilimu. Ukuze uqinisekise ukulungiswa okwanele kwefilimu emgodini ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, ungqimba olubekwe ngaphakathi emgodini kufanele lube nesilayidi esingaba ngu-5 cm phezulu phezulu kunezinhlangothi zomugqa wamanzi.
  4. Okulandelayo kulandela uthathe iziqephu ezibanzi zefilimu yeplastiki (cishe u-10-20 cm ngaphezu kobubanzi befilimu esetshenziswe ngaphambili). Lezi ziqeshana zidinga ukumboza amagquma akhiwe, ukudala umcibisholo omncane. Ngaphansi kwale mizila kuzohlelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi mahhala.
  5. Umsele okhulayo ugcwele umhlaba ovulekile noma isanti, emva kwalokho kukhishwe.
Kubalulekile!После того, как дренаж своими руками будет закончен, по нему можно свободно ходить. Kodwa-ke, akukho okumele kuhlwanyelwe kulo mhlaba, ngisho nemifino, ngoba iyobe isabalala ngokungazelelwe ngenxa yemiswakama ephezulu.
Inketho eveziwe yokwakha amanzi e-cottage yabo ehlobo, naphezu kokulula, hhayi kuphela ihlukaniswe ngempumelelo ephezulu nokuqina komphumela, kodwa nayo iyatholakala kuwo wonke umnikazi wenkinga ehlobo elinezinkinga.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, umswakama okhulayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kujwayelekile, kodwa, naphezu kokubonakala sengathi kunenkinga yalesi simo, akufanele nakanjani ulahlekelwe ithemba, Umsele we-dacha ungahle uhlelwe kalula ngezandla zakho, ngokuba ngaphambili wafunda futhi wasebenzisa izindlela zokukhipha isakhiwo se-dacha esichazwe kulesi sihloko.